ABSTRACT
Resumen A través de un estudio correlacional, esta investigación explora la influencia de posibles beneficios sociales y sus variables asociadas en la adopción de Comportamientos Urbanos Responsables (CUR). Teniendo en cuenta la complejidad del problema y el número de variables a explorar, se empleó el modelo de Teoría de Facetas. Además, se diseñó un cuestionario derivado de una "frase mapa" que presenta en forma de viñetas situaciones urbanas hipotéticas que exploran las variables en estudio. Participaron 177 individuos que estimaron la probabilidad de que un individuo involucrado en una viñeta adopte o no un CUR, a partir de variables como la distancia temporal y la magnitud del beneficio, la saliencia del anuncio de este beneficio, y la aprobación social y el reproche. Un análisis de distancias mínimas (SSA) mostró que los participantes reconocen estas variables a la hora de optar por un CUR. La distancia temporal para obtener el beneficio y la magnitud grande del beneficio resultaron estar altamente correlacionadas con la mayor estimación sobre la probabilidad de que un individuo elija un CUR. Se sugiere formular estrategias educativas y políticas públicas que conduzcan al desarrollo de la cooperación, la responsabilidad y la autorregulación, con el fin de contribuir a mejorar la calidad de vida urbana y la convivencia en el medio urbano.
Abstract Through a correlational study, this research explores the influence of possible social benefits and associated variables on the adoption of Responsible Urban Behaviors (RUB). Considering the complexity of the problem and the number of variables to be explored, the Facet Theory model was used. Also, a questionnaire was created, which presented hypothetical urban situations in the form of vignettes that explored the variables under study. A total of 177 individuals participated and estimated the likelihood of an individual involved in a vignette adopting or not an RUB, based on variables such as the time and magnitude of the benefit, salience of the advertisement of such benefit, and social approval and criticism. The smallest space analysis showed that participants recognize these variables when it comes to opting for an RUB. The time to obtain the benefit and the magnitude of the benefit turned out to be highly correlated with the highest estimate of the likelihood of an individual choosing an RUB. This research suggests formulating educational strategies and public policies that lead to the development of cooperation, responsibility, and self-regulation, to help improve the quality of urban life and coexistence in the urban environment.
ABSTRACT
Resumo Partindo da constatação acadêmica da importância do ensino-transmissão da psicanálise na universidade, este artigo objetiva ser uma peça demonstrativa do quanto o aprendizado do conceito psicanalítico - inconsciente - pode ser facilitado por meio da linguagem cinematográfica. Para tanto, a investigação teórica e a análise fílmica psicanalítica foram escolhidas como métodos de pesquisa, estes balizados pela psicanálise aplicada. Utilizam-se filmes consagrados pela mídia, que vão desde Psicose, de Alfred Hitchcock, até Alice no país das maravilhas, de Tim Burton, a fim de dispor em movimento a conceituografia psicanalítica que organiza o conceito de inconsciente em Freud e Lacan. Observa-se, assim, que a novidade freudiana consistiu em desatrelar o inconsciente da consciência e elevá-lo ao estatuto de instância psíquica que se expressa por meio de sonhos, atos falhos, chistes e outros. A partir dessa concepção, posteriormente Lacan propõe o inconsciente estruturado como linguagem provendo o fio fundamental dos laços sociais.
Résumé Basé sur l'importance de l'enseignement-transmission de la psychanalyse à l'université, cet article s'avère être une démonstration de la manière dont l'apprentissage du concept psychanalytique - l'inconscient - peut être facilité par le langage cinématographique. Pour ce faire, la recherche théorique et l'analyse psychanalytiques de films ont été choisies comme méthodes de recherche, celles-ci fondées sur la psychanalyse appliquée. Nous utilisons des films consacrés par les médias: de Psychose d'Alfred Hitchcock, à Alice au pays des merveilles, de Tim Burton, afin de mettre en mouvement la conceptualisation psychanalytique qui organise le concept d'inconscient chez Freud et Lacan. On constate ainsi que la nouveauté freudienne a consisté à découpler l'inconscient de la conscience et à l'élever au rang d'instance psychique qui s'exprime à travers les rêves, les actes manqués, les mots d'esprit et autres. A partir de cette conception, Lacan propose plus tard l'inconscient structuré comme le langage fournissant le fil conducteur du lien social.
Resumen A partir de la observación académica de la importancia de la enseñanza-transmisión del psicoanálisis en la universidad, este artículo pretende ser una demostración de cuánto se puede facilitar el aprendizaje del concepto psicoanalítico inconsciente por medio del lenguaje cinematográfico. Para ello, se eligieron como métodos de investigación la investigación teórica y el análisis cinematográfico psicoanalítico, guiados por el psicoanálisis aplicado. Se utilizan películas consagradas por los medios de comunicación, como Psicosis, de Alfred Hitchcock, y Alicia en el país de las maravillas, de Tim Burton, para poner en discusión la conceptualización psicoanalítica que organiza el concepto de inconsciente en Freud y en Lacan. Se observa, por tanto, que la novedad freudiana consistió en desacoplar el inconsciente de la conciencia y elevarlo a la categoría de instancia psíquica que se expresa mediante sueños, actos fallidos, chistes y otros. A partir de esta concepción, Lacan propone posteriormente el inconsciente estructurado como un lenguaje que proporciona el hilo fundamental de los lazos sociales.
Abstract Based on the academic observation of the importance of teaching-transmitting psychoanalysis at the university, this article aims to show how much the learning of the psychoanalytic concept - unconscious - can be facilitated through the cinematographic language. For such purpose, theoretical research and psychoanalytic film analysis were chosen as research methods, these guided by applied psychoanalysis. Films consecrated by the media are used, ranging from Alfred Hitchcock's Psycho to Tim Burton's Alice in wonderland to set in motion the psychoanalytical conceptualization that organizes the concept of the unconscious in Freud and Lacan. It is observed, therefore, that the Freudian novelty consisted of uncoupling the unconscious from consciousness and elevating it to the status of a psychiatric instance that is expressed through dreams, flawed acts, jokes and others. From this conception, Lacan later proposes the unconscious structured as a language providing the fundamental thread of social ties.
Subject(s)
Psychoanalysis/education , Psychoanalysis/history , Motion Pictures , Unconscious, PsychologyABSTRACT
Resumen Se presentan estudios que evaluaron si los efectos emocionales inmediatos de la exclusión social se pueden provocar con viñetas. Estudio 1: los participantes (n=20) se dividieron en 4 grupos; dos leían una viñeta donde un niño era excluido de un juego; en los otros dos, era incluido. Cada clase de relato variaba según su modalidad: descriptivo o con contenido emocional. Los lectores contestaron a cómo creían que se sentían los niños en cuestionarios sobre necesidades básicas fundamentales (NBF, Williams, 2009), estado de ánimo (EA) y frustración. Las viñetas de exclusión, independientemente de su modalidad, produjeron un decremento significativo en las NBF, mayor EA negativo, menor EA positivo y mayor frustración respecto de los de inclusión. El Estudio 2 (n=103), intrasujeto, usó una viñeta de inclusión y otra de exclusión y los mismos cuestionarios del Estudio 1, agregando el EA y uno de Empatía Emocional para responder a "cómo se sintieron los lectores". Se hallaron datos congruentes con los del Estudio 1. Los lectores experimentaron mayor EA negativo, menor EA positivo y mayor empatía emocional ante el relato de exclusión comparado con el de inclusión. Estos resultados abren un nuevo campo de experimentación sobre el tema.
Abstract Humans have a fundamental need to connect socially with others. Being ignored and excluded, Ostracism, rejection and other forms of social exclusion, threatens this need, triggers painful feelings, and elicits a wide range of negative effects. The episodes that individuals register as social exclusion (SE) immediately induce negative effects and decrease the four basic psychological needs (i.e., belonging, self-esteem, control, and meaningful existence), decrease the intelligent behavior, decrease self-regulation, change the consumption, increase riskier behaviors, decrease the pain threshold, greater dislike of slightly aversive stimuli, altered heart rhythm, increased blood pressure, increased blood cortisol, digestive disorders and respiratory system, increased temperature in the nasal and perioral area, and decrease in pupillary size and greater activation of brain areas related to sensory pain. Two studies are presented that evaluated whether the immediate emotional effects of social exclusion can be provoked by reading a vignette. Study 1: participants (n = 20) were divided into 4 groups; two read a narration where a child was excluded from a game; in the other one, it was included. Each kind of story varied according to its modality: merely descriptive or including emotional content. The readers answered how they thought the children felt in questionnaires about fundamentals needs (Williams, 2009), mood state and frustration. The narrations of exclusion, regardless of their modality, produced a significant decrease in fundamental needs, higher negative mood, lower positive mood and greater frustration with respect to inclusion. The Study 2 (n = 103), an intrasubject design, used a narration of inclusion and another of exclusion, and the same questionnaires of Study 1, adding the questionnaire of mood and another of emotional empathy to respond "how the readers felt". Data were consistent with Study. 1. In addition, readers presented higher negative mood, lower positive mood and greater emotional empathy towards the exclusion story compared to inclusion narration. These results open a new field of experimentation on the topic.
ABSTRACT
RESUMEN Es frecuente el empleo de viñetas clínicas como estrategia para integrar los conocimientos biomédicos de los primeros años de la licenciatura en medicina; para el profesor que no es clínico, el hacerlas es un poco más difícil. Se presenta una secuencia de pasos para estructurarlas y guiar a los interesados en aplicarlas.
ABSTRACT The use of clinical vignettes is a frequent strategy for the integration of biomedical knowledge from the first years of medical studies; for the non-clinical teacher it is more difficult to write them. Here we present a sequence of steps to structure them and to guide those interested in its aplication.
ABSTRACT
Resumen El propósito de este trabajo es documentar las características psicométricas de un instrumento para evaluar la toma de decisiones sobre el consumo de energía eléctrica (TDCEE) a través de viñetas narrativas. El instrumento elaborado parte de supuesto de que la toma de decisiones en modelos descriptivos es un proceso dual razonado e intuitivo. Con base en los resultados del análisis factorial se identificaron dos dimensiones TDI y TDR con alfas moderadas y coeficiente de correlación bajo entre dichas dimensiones. Se concluye que esta escala cumple con criterios psicométricos aceptables para ser aplicada en población mexicana.
Abstract This paper aims to document the psychometric characteristics of an instrument to assess decision-making with regard to power consumption (TDCEE) by means of narrative vignettes. The instrument was developed based on the assumption that decision-making in descriptive models is a dual rational and intuitive process. Based on the results of factorial analysis, two dimensions were identified (TDI and TDR) with moderate alphas and low correlation coefficient between them. We conclude that this scale meets acceptable psychometric criteria to be applied in the Mexican population.
ABSTRACT
Neste trabalho começamos por tecer algumas considerações sobre o processo de avaliação psicológica e descrevemos depois as principais vantagens dos diferentes tipos de instrumentos de avaliação da personalidade, escalas de avaliação de comportamentos, questionários e inventários e métodos projetivos. Em seguida discutimos a complementaridade dos diferentes métodos de avaliação da personalidade. No tópico seguinte, discutimos a questão da possibilidade de realizar simultaneamente interpretações nomotéticas e ideográficas com base nos resultados de diferentes provas psicológicas e alertamos para os cuidados a ter na realização de interpretações ideográficas. O artigo termina com a apresentação de quatro vinhetas clínicas que ilustram uma interpretação qualitativa/ideográfica de diferentes testes psicológicos e com uma breve conclusão final...
In this paper we start with some considerations about the psychological assessment process and we describe the main advantages of the different types of personality assessment instruments, behaviour scales, questionnaires and inventories and projective methods. After that, it will be discussed the complementarity of the different personality assessment methods. In the next topic we will discuss about the possibility of conducting both nomothetic and idiographic interpretations based on the results of several psychological tests, and we present some cautions about making idiographic interpretations. The manuscript finishes with the presentation of four clinical vignettes which illustrate a qualitative / idiographic interpretation using different psychological tests and with a brief conclusion...
En este trabajo se empieza por algunas consideraciones sobre el proceso de evaluación psicológica y se describen las principales ventajas de los diferentes tipos de instrumentos para la evaluación de la personalidad, las escalas de evaluación de la conducta, los cuestionarios e inventarios y los métodos proyectivos. Luego hablamos de la complementariedad de los diferentes métodos de evaluación de la personalidad. En el siguiente tema, discutimos la cuestión de la posibilidad de que ambas interpretaciones, ideográfica y nomotética, basadas en los resultados de diferentes pruebas psicológicas, son realizadas y se advierte a tener cuidado al hacer interpretaciones ideográficas. El artículo finaliza con la presentación de cuatro casos clínicos que ilustran una interpretación cualitativa / ideográfica de diferentes pruebas psicológicas y una breve conclusión...
Subject(s)
Personality Inventory , Personality Tests , Projective TechniquesABSTRACT
En enfermería es central ejercer una práctica reflexiva, evaluar permanentemente la toma de decisiones clínicas y de gestión, identificando y comprendiendo los razonamientos, las actitudes y valores que las sustentan. Las viñetas son una potente técnica de recolección de datos, que facilita la investigación de dichos procesos y que ha sido escasamente utilizada en nuestro medio. El objetivo de este artículo es presentar una revisión bibliográfica actualizada de esta técnica, identificando su uso en los distintos enfoques metodológicos, describiendo cómo se construyen, presentan y aplican. Se analizan sus principales características, destacando su flexibilidad e idoneidad para el análisis de contenido con énfasis en los factores contextuales. Además, se evalúan su validez y confiabilidad, como también las ventajas y desventajas de su uso en los servicios de salud.
In nursing, it is vital to carry out a thoughtful practice and a constant evaluation of clinical and management decisions by identifying and understanding the reasoning, attitudes and values that support them. Vignettes are a powerful data collection technique which facilitates research on such processes and which has been barely used in our feld. The purpose of this paper is to present an up-to-date bibliographical overview of this technique. Its use, construction, presentation and application from the diverse approaches will be described. Its main features will be analyzed and two of them will be emphasized: its flexibility and suitability for content analysis focusing on contextual factors. In addition, its validity and reliability as well as the advantages and disadvantage of its use in health services will be evaluated.
Subject(s)
Female , Decision Making , Methodology as a Subject , Nursing , Nursing ResearchABSTRACT
To introduce the application of vignettes in the survey on health condition,we took the Hangzhou health survey as an example. We tried to find the respondents' health judgment standard by using vignettes first and discovered the population' s demographic characteristics as sex,age, years of schooling and income etc. could influence the self-reported health condition on the response category cut-points. Then the cut-points were corrected through hierarchical ordered probit model in order to reflect the respondents' self-reported health condition based on the same standard,making the result suitable for comparison. Data from our research discovered that the level of health condition of females was lower than that of males among the residents living in Hangzhou and the higher income they received, the better health condition they had. Thus, the health vignettes seemed very essential in the survey on health condition.
ABSTRACT
No abstract available.
Subject(s)
Child , Child , Humans , Child Abuse, Sexual , Judgment , Child HealthABSTRACT
As part of the World Health Organization (WHO) project focused on assessing the performance of national health systems, the World Health Survey (WHS) was carried out in many member countries. In order to enable comparison of self-rated health between different cultures of the same country or between different nations, the WHS questionnaire included vignettes of sample cases, that is, hypothetical stories that describe the health problems of third parties. The objective of the present study is to evaluate the possibility of using vignette ratings to implement a socioeconomic calibration scale for self-rated health in Brazil. Using Brazilian WHS data, perceptions of state of health, measured through two different strategies (self-rating and vignette-rating), were compared. The effects of socioeconomic status (educational level and number of household assets) on health domain ratings were estimated via multiple regression models, controlled for age and sex. The effects of socioeconomic status were significant for the majority of health domains in the case of self-perception, but statistically null in the case of third party ratings. It is concluded that the WHO vignettes are not appropriate for calibrating self-rated health measures in Brazil.
Como parte do projeto da Organização Mundial daSaúde (OMS) de avaliação de desempenho dos sistemasde saúde das nações, a Pesquisa Mundial deSaúde (PMS) foi realizada em vários países membros.Para possibilitar a comparação de estimativas de auto-avaliação do estado de saúde coletadas entre culturasdistintas, a OMS utilizou a estratégia de incluirvinhetas de casos-padrão, estórias hipotéticas que descrevemproblemas de saúde de terceiros. Utilizando osdados da PMS brasileira, objetivou-se, neste trabalho,avaliar a utilização de vinhetas de casos-padrão paracalibração da percepção de saúde por nível sócio-econômico.Na análise estatística foram comparadas asmédias de avaliação de cada domínio por estratégiade mensuração (auto-avaliação e vinhetas) segundosexo, faixa etária, e nível sócio-econômico (grau de escolaridadee número de bens no domicílio). Os efeitosdo nível sócio-econômico sobre as avaliações dos domíniosde saúde foram estimados por regressão múltipla,controlando-se por idade e sexo. No caso da autoavaliação,os efeitos do nível sócio-econômico foramsignificativos para a maioria dos domínios, mas estatisticamentenulos, no caso de vinhetas. Conclui-se quea utilização das vinhetas propostas pela OMS paracalibração das medidas de auto-reporte não se mostrouapropriada no caso do Brasil.