ABSTRACT
Background:Transfusion transmissible infections (TTIs) are one of the major adverse effects of blood transfusion. Serological testing can reduce, but not eliminate the occurrences of TTIs. Study of TTIs amongst blood donors could help to find safe blood for the patients.Aims:This study was conducted to evaluate the prevalence of markers of Hepatitis B virus (HBV), Hepatitis C virus (HCV), Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), Syphilis and Malaria among Voluntary Blood Donors and Replacement Blood Donors in a tertiary care centre.Materials and Methods: Aretrospective study was conducted at The State of the art Model blood bank, Pt. Jawaharlal Nehru Memorial Medical College (JNMMC) and Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Memorial Hospital, Raipur, Chhattisgarh. This study included all the blood donors both from in-hospital donations and outdoor camps donations (including Voluntary and Replacement donors) from January 2011 to December 2018. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test was done for screening of HBV, HCVand HIV; Rapid Plasma Reagin (RPR) test was done for syphilis and Card Test for Malaria Antigen.Results:Atotal of 1,08,577 donors were screened over a period of eight years. The seroprevalence of HIV, HBV, HCV, syphilis and malaria was found to be 0.12%, 0.77%, 0.04%, 0.22% and 0.03% respectively. Overall seroprevalence of reactive TTIs was 1.19%, which was maximum in the year 2013 (2.28%) after that there was a gradual decrease in the prevalence rate of TTIs in blood donors over the years. Infections were more common among Replacement Donors as compared to Voluntary Donors. Conclusion: The increase in public awareness regarding Voluntary blood donation, meticulous donor screening, counselling and use of highly sensitive tests can help in reducing the risk of TTIs. Prevalence of HIVinfection is decreasing in the blood donors. The HBVinfection still remains a menace to be tackled. HCV, Syphilis and malaria maintain a low rate of positivity. Methods to ensure a safe blood supply should be encouraged.
ABSTRACT
Introducción: El aislamiento de T. gondii a partir de líquido cefalorraquídeo permite el diagnóstico confirmatorio de toxoplasmosis cerebral, considerada la segunda infección oportunista más importante en pacientes VIH positivos. Objetivo: Aislar Toxoplasma gondii a partir de muestras de líquido cefalorraquídeo de dos pacientes VIH positivos con toxoplasmosis cerebral. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó la inoculación intraperitoneal del sedimento de LCR de dos pacientes VIH positivos con toxoplasmosis cerebral en ratones ICR, se llevaron a cabo 5 pases sucesivos ciegos hasta la observación de taquizoítos de T. gondii en el exudado peritoneal mediante examen directo y coloración de extendidos con Romanowsky modificado. Resultados: A los 43 días los 4 ratones de trabajo presentaron piloerección, hepato-esplenomegalia, letargia y en el exudado peritoneal se observaron taquizoítos de T. gondii , hallazgo que fue confirmado al examinar los extendidos coloreados con Romanowsky modificado. Estos aislamientos fueron crioconservados y fue confirmada la viabilidad poscongelamiento de los mismos. Conclusiones: A pesar de que las técnicas de detección directa de T. gondii en LCR tienen una baja sensibilidad (38%) el presente trabajo permitió obtener dos aislamientos de T. gondii de dos pacientes VIH positivos con toxoplasmosis cerebral.
Background: Isolation of T. gondii from cerebrospinal fluid enables confirmatory diagnosis of cerebral toxoplasmosis, considered the second most important opportunistic infection in HIV-positive patients. Objective: To isolate Toxoplasma gondii from samples of cerebrospinal fluid from 2 HIV-positive patients with cerebral toxoplasmosis. Materials and methods: Imprinting control region (ICR) mice were intraperitoneally inoculated with CSF sediment from 2 HIV-positive patients with cerebral toxoplasmosis. Five of the inoculations were performed blind to successive passes. T. gondii tachyzoites were observed in these 5 inoculations in the peritoneal exudate through direct examination of the modified-Romanowsky-stained smears. Results: After 43 days, 4 mice showed piloerection, hepatosplenomegaly and lethargy. The peritoneal exudate exhibited T. gondii tachyzoites, a finding that was confirmed by examining the modified-Romanowsky-stained smears. These isolates were cryopreserved and their viability was confirmed after freezing. Conclusions: Although direct detection techniques of T. gondii in CSF have low sensitivity (38%), this study was able to yield 2 T. gondii isolates in 2 HIV-positive patients with cerebral toxoplasmosis.
Subject(s)
Humans , Animals , Toxoplasma , Cerebrospinal Fluid , Toxoplasmosis , HIV , Animals , MiceABSTRACT
To explore and compare the response of the protease inhibitors or non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors-based therapeutic impact on metabolic indices in hepatitis C virus (HCV)/human immunodeficiency virus(HIV) co-infected patients.A randomized,open,and control approach was performed to enroll 273 cases of HCV/HIV co-infected patients on their initial visits and to choose protease inhibitors(PIs group) or non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs group) based therapy treatments for one year.Laboratory results of metabolic indices before and after the treatment were collected.After treatment,the levels of triglyceride in NNRTIs and Pls groups were (1.93 ± 0.99) mmol/L and (1.62 ± 0.93) mmol/L respectively,high density lipoprotein-cholesterol were(1.28 ± 0.55) mmol/L and (1.08 ± 0.53) mmol/L,low density lipoprotein-cholesterol were (2.60 ± 1.44) mmol/L and (2.22 ± 1.16) mmol/L,fasting plasma glucose were (5.92 ± 1.21) mmol/L and (4.79 ± 0.47) mmol/L,serum creatinine were (70.5 ± 14.6) μmol/L and (56.6 ± 8.3) μmol/L,and serum amylase were(66.9 ± 27.5) U/L and(62.7 ± 33.8) U/L respectively.The difference between the two groups was statistically significant(all P＜0.01).There is a therapeutic impact on metabolic indices in patients wtih HCV / HIV co-infection after non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors-based regimen.