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@#AIM: To evaluate visual field of the unilateral visually impaired applicants by a custom program test of Humphrey perimeter, which was indispensable for car driving.<p>METHODS: A retrospective study was performed. The process of a custom defined Humphrey ‘1 EYE Screening' program was set covers field region from temporal 90° to nasal 60°, and over 30° vertically away from the horizontal line. The candidates were qualified eligibility by range of visual field and reliability of the results. This study conducted statistics on the applicants who fulfilled the test from July 1st, 2016 to June 30th, 2017, and compared the impact factors of the pass rate.<p>RESULTS: After excluding repeated measurement reports, this study included 618 subjects, the most common causes of these eyes impaired were ocular trauma(49.7%)and unhealed amblyopia(29.3%). A total of 497 candidates(80.4%)passed the test. 85 of the 121 failure cases(70.2%)were due to a limitation of the nasal visual field(less than 60°), and 12 cases were failed by fixation loss because of nystagmus or poor cooperation. Compared with the test failure group, the subjects in the passing group are older, the average correct response points is more, and the average test time is shorter, all with statistically significant differences(<i>P</i><0.05). In the passing group, the proportion of subjects with equivalent spherical mirror <0.5D was 77.5%, which was significantly higher than 62.8% in the failure group(χ2=7.264, <i>P</i>=0.007).<p>CONCLUSION: The custom program ‘1 EYE Screening' of Humphrey perimetry can be used to qualify eligibility of driving for unilateral visual impaired applicants. In order to prevent peripheral interfering from eye frames, corneal contact lenses were recommended for applicants with refractive errors.
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PURPOSE: To investigate the effect of a visual field (VF) test on intraocular pressure (IOP) and relevant parameters in a normal group and an open-angle glaucoma group, and to determine the appropriate time of IOP measurements.METHODS: The IOP was measured by a rebound tonometer before and after a VF test for the normal, normal-tension glaucoma, and high-tension glaucoma groups, and IOP differences after the VF tests were compared among groups. Parameters including age, sex, axial length, central corneal thickness, IOP before the VF test, the VF index, mean deviation, VF test duration, and usage of IOP lowering medications were investigated, and the correlations of these parameters with IOP changes after VF tests were determined using linear regression analyses.RESULTS: A total of 232 participants (232 eyes) included 55 normal subjects, 131 normal-tension glaucoma patients, and 46 high-tension glaucoma patients. The IOP differences after VF tests were not statistically significant in the normal and high-tension glaucoma groups, and the difference was 0.31 mmHg in the normal-tension glaucoma group (p = 0.013). Multivariate regression analyses revealed that axial length (p = 0.005) and IOP before the VF test (p < 0.001) were relevant factors in the total number of patients, and the axial length (p = 0.017), IOP before the VF test (p = 0.001), and duration (p = 0.029) were found to be significantly associated with IOP differences in the normal-tension glaucoma group.CONCLUSIONS: The IOP changes after VF tests using the rebound tonometer were significant in the normal-tension glaucoma group, but were within an acceptable range. The IOP value measured after a VF test is clinically valid in clinical practice.
Subject(s)
Humans , Glaucoma , Glaucoma, Open-Angle , Intraocular Pressure , Linear Models , Low Tension Glaucoma , Visual Field Tests , Visual FieldsABSTRACT
@#AIM: To evaluate visual field of the unilateral visually impaired applicants by a custom program test of Humphrey perimeter, which was indispensable for car driving.<p>METHODS: A retrospective study was performed. The process of a custom defined Humphrey ‘1 EYE Screening' program was set covers field region from temporal 90° to nasal 60°, and over 30° vertically away from the horizontal line. The candidates were qualified eligibility by range of visual field and reliability of the results. This study conducted statistics on the applicants who fulfilled the test from July 1st, 2016 to June 30th, 2017, and compared the impact factors of the pass rate.<p>RESULTS: After excluding repeated measurement reports, this study included 618 subjects, the most common causes of these eyes impaired were ocular trauma(49.7%)and unhealed amblyopia(29.3%). A total of 497 candidates(80.4%)passed the test. 85 of the 121 failure cases(70.2%)were due to a limitation of the nasal visual field(less than 60°), and 12 cases were failed by fixation loss because of nystagmus or poor cooperation. Compared with the test failure group, the subjects in the passing group are older, the average correct response points is more, and the average test time is shorter, all with statistically significant differences(<i>P</i><0.05). In the passing group, the proportion of subjects with equivalent spherical mirror <0.5D was 77.5%, which was significantly higher than 62.8% in the failure group(χ2=7.264, <i>P</i>=0.007).<p>CONCLUSION: The custom program ‘1 EYE Screening' of Humphrey perimetry can be used to qualify eligibility of driving for unilateral visual impaired applicants. In order to prevent peripheral interfering from eye frames, corneal contact lenses were recommended for applicants with refractive errors.
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Diabetic macular edema is the major cause of vision impairment in patients with nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy.Thickness and pathological alterations in each retina layer of diabetic macular edema (DME) patients can be performed by optical coherence tomography (OCT) device.And retinal light sensitivity at specific retinal point and fixation state can be detected by microperimetry qualitatively and quantitatively.Moreover,OCT can discover pathological anatomical changes in the retina of DME patients,thus facilitating the interpretation of the structure-function relationship in DME with combination of microperimetry results.At present,there are various therapies for DME patients,and the primary method in evaluating therapeutic efficacy is to compare the pathological changes in the retina before and after treatment by OCT.Besides,microperimetry can provide information in visual function restoration.The combined application of OCT and microperimetry has broad prospects in the diagnosis and treatment of DME patients.
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AIM: To evaluate the clinical feature of 9 patients harboring mitochondrial DNA ( mtDNA ) G11778A mutation with Leber hereditary optic neuropathy ( LHON) . ●METHODS: Nine LHON patients were enrolled and followed- up between 2012 to 2015 in Shenzhen Eye Hospital, clinical data were collected and analyzed. ●RESULTS: Six cases had maternal inheritance history ( 67%) . Three were sporadic cases. The patients aged from 9 to 43 years old, with average age of (22. 00±9. 42) years. Simultaneous onset with both eyes was in 5 cases (56%). Successively onset was in other 4 cases (44%). The ratio between male and female was 2:1. In the last follow-up, the visual acuity was finger counted in 2 eyes (11%), 0. 01-0. 1 in 12 eyes (67%), 0. 12-0. 4 in 2 eyes (11%),≥0. 4 in 2 eyes (11%). All patients had pale disc and clear boundary. ln the Humphrey visual field examination, 10 eyes had typically cecocentral or paracentral scotoma, 8 eyes had diffuse visual field defect. ●CONCLUSION: ln the 9 LHON patients with mtDNA G11778A mutation, simultaneous onset cases were more than successively onset cases within 1y cases. In most cases, LHON patients kept stable visual acuity. Rare cases had a raise in visual acuity within 1y. Majority patients had typically cecocentral or paracentral visual field scotoma. In the last stage of LHON, visual field present diffused defect. The secondary affected eye was similar performed defect as the former one.
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PURPOSE: To evaluate the macular function by a multifocal electroretinogram (mfERG) in patients with diabetic retinopathy (DR), and to assess the correlation between responses of mfERG and the threshold of the visual field test (VF). METHODS: The records of patients with DR (16 eyes, 16 patients) and control subjects (14 eyes, 14 subjects) were retrospectively reviewed. mfERG and VF were divided into Ring 1, Ring 2 and Ring 3 at 6-degree intervals from the central macula. The correlation between the amplitude/peak time and the threshold of each ring was analyzed. RESULTS: In patients with DR, the amplitude was decreased in all areas, the peak time was delayed in Ring 2 and the threshold was decreased in Rings 2 and 3, compared to control subjects. The amplitude of mfERG and the threshold of VF showed statistically significant positive correlations in Rings 2 and 3 (p < 0.05). The peak time of mfERG and the threshold of VF showed statistically significant negative correlations in Ring 3 (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The threshold of VF was more significantly correlated with the amplitude than with the peak time of mfERG in patients with DR. mfERG and VF were useful tests to assess the macular function, and alteration of macular function was early detected because two tests were conducted at the same time.
Subject(s)
Humans , Diabetic Retinopathy , Retrospective Studies , Visual Field Tests , Visual FieldsABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To investigate the correlation of binocular visual field (VF) with vision-specific quality of life in glaucoma patients. METHODS: Sixty patients who were diagnosed as open-angle glaucoma were recruited for the present study. The patients had at least moderate VF defect in 1 eye. VF testing was performed using the unilateral Humphrey Field Analyzer (HFA) and binocular Esterman VF test which was divided into 6 clusters: upper and lower center 10', upper and lower center 30', and upper and lower periphery. The 25-item National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire (VFQ) was used to evaluate patients' vision-specific quality of life. We analyzed the correlation between the efficiency score of each cluster from binocular Esterman VF test, mean deviation of HFA, and the scores of VFQ (Spearman correlation). RESULTS: The correlation between the composition score of VFQ and total score of binocular Esterman visual field test was significant. The highest correlation was observed in the lower periphery cluster (all p 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Binocular Esterman VF test is an easy and effective way to evaluate the vision-specific quality of life in glaucoma patients.
Subject(s)
Humans , Eye , Glaucoma , Glaucoma, Open-Angle , Quality of Life , Surveys and Questionnaires , Telescopes , Vision, Ocular , Visual Field Tests , Visual FieldsABSTRACT
PURPOSE: The present study explored novel methods in visual field tests that actively induce the gaze of the examinee to the fixation target in the center vision and compared their effectiveness. METHODS: Four gaze induction methods (dot-on, dot-off, number-on, and number-off) were prepared by combining 2 types of fixation targets (dot and number) and 2 conditions of sound presence (on and off). The gaze induction methods were implemented to a PC-based visual field testing system and the 24-2 visual field testing protocol was administered to 14 participants without glaucoma. The performance of the gaze induction method was evaluated in terms of fixation error rate, target detection rate, and subjective satisfaction (7-point scale, 1 for least satisfied and 7 for most satisfied). RESULTS: The fixation error rates of dot-on (5.7%) and number-on (6.4%) were relatively lower than the other methods; the target detection rates of the induction methods were very high (95-96%) without significant differences, and the subjective satisfaction levels of dot-on (5.7) and number-on (5.4) were significantly higher than the other methods. CONCLUSIONS: In the present study we determined number-on as the preferred effective gaze induction method compared to the conventional dot-off method when fixation error rates and subjective satisfaction were considered.
Subject(s)
Glaucoma , Vision, Ocular , Visual Field Tests , Visual FieldsABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To evaluate longitudinal changes in retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (RNFL) and visual field in patients with normal tension glaucoma (NTG). METHODS: Thirty eyes of 30 NTG patients and 30 eyes of 30 normal control subjects were enrolled in the present study. RNFL thickness was measured using optical coherence tomography (OCT), and visual field tests were performed using a Humphrey visual field analyzer at baseline and 23.3 +/- 15.3 months later. Changes in RNFL thickness at each clock-hour segment and visual field sensitivities were analyzed. The rates of change in RNFL thickness were also calculated. RESULTS: Significant differences in RNFL thickness were observed between NTG patients and normal control subjects at the 5, 6, 7 and 12 o'clock positions at baseline (p < 0.001). At follow-up, the RNFL thickness change was not significant for normal control subjects, although it was significant for NTG patients at the 4, 5, 6, 7, 11 and 12 o'clock positions (p < 0.001). Visual field parameters did not change significantly in the normal control subjects or NTG patients. The reduction rates of RNFL thickness were 0.38 microm/month for the NTG patients and 0.11 microm/month for the normal control group, displaying a 3.5-fold faster reduction rate for NTG patients. CONCLUSIONS: The NTG group showed greater reductions in RNFL thickness in the upper and lower sectors over time; however, the visual field parameters did not change significantly. The results suggest that progression of glaucoma can be detected in an earlier stage using OCT than can be detected using a visual field test.
Subject(s)
Humans , Eye , Follow-Up Studies , Glaucoma , Longitudinal Studies , Low Tension Glaucoma , Nerve Fibers , Retinaldehyde , Tomography, Optical Coherence , Visual Field Tests , Visual FieldsABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To assess the effect of oral Ginkgo biloba extract (EGB 761) on visual field in patients with normal tension glaucoma (NTG) based on the vascular theory among the machanisms of glaucomatous optic nerve damage. METHODS: A retrospective automated visual field data were obtained from Ginkgo group (20 patients, 38 eyes) and control group (20 patients, 40 eyes). Both groups underwent five Humphrey C24-2 field program over at least 4 years, and had glaucomatous optic nerve damage and visual field change, whose IOP were maintained under 21mmHg during all follow-up periods. Linear regression was performed with respect to mean deviation (MD), corrected pattern standard deviation (CPSD), and mean thresholds of Glaucoma Hemifield test (GHT). Subjects were classified as progressive, improvement, stationary based on the slope and statistical significance. RESULTS: There were 6 eyes (15.8%) with improvements with regard to MD in Ginkgo group. There were 5 eyes (13.2%) with improvements in Ginkgo group and 3 eyes (7.5%) with improvements in control group with regard to CPSD. With GHT cluster analysis, there were 13 eyes (34.2%) with improvements in Ginkgo group and 5 eyes (12.5%) with improvements in control group. CONCLUSIONS: The visual field in patient with NTG was improved in GBE group through MD, CPSD, and GHT cluster mean threshold, which was relatively compatible with known NTG visual field defect.