Development and application of a method for determination of activity and vitality of Hansenula polymorpha by carboxyfluorescein diacetate-propidium iodide dua fluorescent staining / 中国生物制品学杂志

@#Objective To develop a method for determination of activity and viability of Hansenula polymorpha by dual fluorescent staining with carboxyfluorescein diacetate(CFDA)and propidium iodide(PI).Methods The time durations(5,10,20,40,60 and 120 min for CFDA,5,10,15,20 and 25 min for PI)and working solution concentrations(50,100,200and 300 μg for CFDA,2,10,20 and 30 μmol/L for PI)for the dual fluorescent staining were optimized by single factor test. Under the optimal condition,the H.polymorpha samples at theoretical survival rates of 0,25%,50%,75% and 100%were determined,of which the fluorescent intensity was observed under fluorescent microscope,and the gray value was analyzed by ImageJ software. The live and dead cells were counted,based on which the actual survival and death rates were calculated. Meanwhile,the relationships of actual gray value,actual survival rate and actual death rate to the corresponding theoretical values were analyzed. Activity and viability of three batches of cultured H.polymorpha were detected by CFDA-PI dual fluorescence staining.Results The optimal time durations for staining with CFDA and PI were 60 and 5 min,while the optimal working solution concentrations were 200 and 2 μmol/L,respectively. The actual gray value,actual survival rate and actual death rate of H.polymorpha samples at various theoretical survival rates were significantly correlated to the corresponding theoretical values(R~2=0. 998 3～0. 999 2,P < 0. 05). The CVs of activity and viability values in three detections of three batches of H.polymorpha culture were 3. 20%～4. 03% and 1. 10%～2. 27%, respectively.Conclusion The CFDA-PI dual fluorescent staining was successfully developed,which may be used for determination of activity and vitality of H.polymorpha.

Highlights of human uterus transplantation / 器官移植

As a novel solid organ transplantation, uterus transplantation has become an important approach for women with uterine infertility to obtain biological offspring. Multiple technological challenges exist in uterus transplantation, such as acquisition of vascular pedicle, organ perfusion and vascular suture, etc. However, with the development and application of uterus transplantation in animal model and transplantation in human cadavers, a lot of problems have become new hot topics of discussion, such as the selection of uterus transplantation donors and recipients, selection of uterine vessels, prevention and treatment of complications after uterus transplantation, evaluation of graft vitality, timing of pregnancy and delivery, timing of hysterectomy, mental health of donors and recipients and offspring health, etc. According to current data and outcomes of human uterus transplantation worldwide, these hot topics were reviewed in this article, aiming to provide reference for promoting the development and progress of human uterus transplantation research in China.

TCM Treatment Rule of Lung Cancer in Hubei Cancer Hospital Based on Data Mining and Complex Network Analysis / 肿瘤防治研究

Objective To explore the medication for lung cancer treatment at Hubei Cancer Hospital. Methods The electronic cases of 3 234 hospitalized lung cancer patients in Hubei Cancer Hospital were collected. The medication of the Peiyuan Guben method in treating lung cancer was analyzed with cluster and association analyses by the Apriori association rule algorithm in IBM SPSS modeler 18.0 and Qihuang data AI workstation software system. Results In the 11 293 pieces of traditional Chinese medicine used in 3 234 patients with lung cancer, the core prescription of 16 core drugs were Astragalus, Coix seed, Poria, Coke hawthorn, Ligustrum lucidum, Wolfberry, Bran fried atractylodes, Mushroom stem, Bran fried citrus husk, Bittersweet herb, Centipede, Rhodiola, Semiaquilegia adoxoides, Seaweed, Prunella and Pseudobulbus cremastrae seu pleiones. Conclusion "Peiyuan Guben" is an effective method of traditional Chinese medicine in treating lung cancer. Traditional Chinese medicine with the effects of Yiqi Jianpi and Bushen Yijing has an evident curative effect in treating lung cancer and can improve patients' quality of life.

Comparative Study of the Two High-Efficient Strategies for in vitro Generation of Human Umbilical Cord Blood-derived Natural Killer Cells / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the similarities and variations of biological phenotype and cytotoxicity of human umbilical cord blood natural killer cells (hUC- NK) after human umbilical cord blood-derived mononuclear cells (hUC-MNC) activated and expanded by two in vitro high-efficient strategies.@*METHODS@#Umbilical cord blood mononuclear cells (MNC) from healthy donor were enriched by Ficoll-based density gradient centrifugation. Then, the phenotype, subpopulations, cell viability and cytotoxicity of NK cells derived from Miltenyi medium (denoted as M-NK) and X-VIVO 15 (denoted as X-NK) were compared using a "3IL" strategy.@*RESULTS@#After a 14-day's culture, the contents of CD3-CD56+ NK cells were elevated from 4.25%±0.04% (d 0) to 71%±0.18% (M-NK) and 75.2%±1.1% (X-NK) respectively. Compared with X-NK group, the proportion of CD3+CD4+ T cells and CD3+CD56+ NKT cells in M-NK group decreased significantly. The percentages of CD16+, NKG2D+, NKp44+, CD25+ NK cells in X-NK group was higher than those in the M-NK group, while the total number of expanded NK cells in X-NK group was half of that in M-NK group. There were no significant differences between X-NK and M-NK groups in cell proliferation and cell cycle, except for the lower percentage of Annexin V+ apoptotic cells in M-NK group. Compared with X-NK group, the proportion of CD107a+ NK cells in M-NK group were higher under the same effector-target ratio (E∶T) (P<0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#The two strategies were adequate for high-efficient generation of NK cells with high level of activation in vitro, however, there are differences in biological phenotypes and tumor cytotoxicity.

Musicalidad y juego en la primera infancia: el andamiaje que el juego con las formas de la vitalidad provee al juego de ficción / Musicality and play in early childhood: the scaffolding that forms of vitality play provides to pretend play

Resumen El juego de ficción, aquel que comporta la creación de una situación imaginaria, ha sido un objeto de estudio privilegiado en la psicología del desarrollo y se ha señalado su rol en el desarrollo de funciones psicológicas complejas. Recientemente, gracias a la utilización de herramientas de análisis de las artes temporales, se ha documentado una nueva forma de juego, el juego con las formas de la vitalidad, cuyo foco es la repetición y variación de motivos sonoro-kinéticos de modo interactivo, en detrimento de cualquier contenido figurativo. Se ha observado que durante el tercer año de vida este tipo de juego se presenta de modo combinado con el juego de ficción y que en esos casos podría ser parte del andamiaje del desarrollo del juego de ficción. El objetivo del presente estudio fue realizar un microanálisis de los sonidos y movimientos de una escena de juego de ficción combinado con juego con las formas de la vitalidad de una niña de 1 año y 11 meses de edad, con el fin de conocer cómo se produce dicho andamiaje. Entre los resultados se destacan la presencia de sincronía interactiva basada en un pulso subyacente, la construcción de una mutualidad entre adulto e infante a partir de la calidad de los motivos compartidos, la ampliación del espacio de juego y el sostenimiento de la atención conjunta y la fluidez interactiva.

Abstract The pretend play, one that involves the creation of an imaginary situation, has been a privileged object of study in developmental psychology framed in the linguistic turn. Its important role in the development of complex psychological functions, such as language, theory of mind or narrative capacity, has been pointed out. In recent years, there has been a change in focus in the human sciences that has been dubbed the corporal turn: a re-focus on the analysis and conceptualization of bodily aspects that are at the base of various cognitive capacities. Thanks to the use of analysis tools typical of the temporal arts -such as music and dance- to the field of cognitive psychology, a new form of play has been documented in early childhood: the forms of vitality play. It recovers the idea of forms of vitality from Stern (2010), which refers to affects that cannot be reflected in the lexicon of Darwinian emotions. The forms of vitality are a Gestalt, an emergent property where movement, time, force, space and directionality/intentionality are integrated; they are a fundamental property of multimodal exchanges in the adult-baby dyad as well as of the experience, as spectator or performer, of non-figurative temporal arts such as dance and music. The forms of vitality play arise as a reconceptualization of the notion of musical play and is considered a reissue of early social play with a symmetrical participation of the child in the composition of play. It is defined as any pleasant or self-remunerative activity, in which motifs of movements and/or sounds are elaborated according to the repetition-variation form, at the expense of any figurative content. The forms of vitality play have been observed in the third year of the child's life and it has been pointed out that it can manifest in a simple way or in combination with the pretend play. Likewise, it was suggested that when the pretend play is presented in combination with the forms of vitality play, the latter could be scaffolding the pretend play, although how this happens has not been clearly specified. The objective of the present study is to carry out a microanalysis of the sounds and movements of a pretend play scene combined with forms of vitality play of a girl of 1 year and 11 months of age and an adult, in order to know how such scaffolding is produced. The sound envelope was analyzed in order to identify and describe the timing of the sounds. Regarding movement, specialized software was used to graph its trajectory and for the analysis of the expression of movements, the basic categories "Shape and Effort" of the Laban-Bartenieff system of movement analysis were used (Laban, 1971). The results indicate the presence of interactive synchrony based on an underlying pulse that sustains mutuality between the players and provides a temporal structure on which the synchrony of the self can be anchored. Furthermore, it allows the sharing of continuity and contrast in the quality of sounds and movements and thus provides the dyad with a primary level of understanding with non-mediated meanings; promotes the exploration of the play space and the expansion of the potential of the fictional scene; it favors the maintenance of joint attention and mutual understanding through ontogenetically pre-fiction semiotic mechanisms, which favor the interactive fluidity of play.

The analyst's vitalizing function and the living word in the analysis room: from Thomas Ogden / A função vitalizadora do analista e a palavra viva na sala de análise: reflexões a partir de thomas ogden

RESUMO: O presente artigo tem como objetivo apresentar algumas ideias de Thomas Ogden sobre a importância dada aos sentimentos de vitalidade e desvitalização, como medida fundamental para o entendimento do que ocorre no processo analítico. Com o uso de duas vinhetas clínicas de uma das autoras, pretendeu-se a articulação com as ideias de Ogden, destacando-se o encaminhamento para um encontro vitalizado entre analista e paciente por meio de uma linguagem viva, visando a busca da verdade emocional conectada à vitalidade da sessão.

Abstract: This article aims to present some ideas by Thomas Ogden on the importance given to feelings of vitality and devitalization, as a fundamental measure for understanding what happens in the analytical process. With the use of two clinical vignettes by one of the authors, the intention was to articulate with Ogden's ideas, highlighting the referral to a vitalized encounter between the analyst and the patient through a living language, aiming at the search for connected emotional truth to the vitality of the session.

Effects of multicomponent exercise training on the intrinsic capacity in frail older adults: review of clinical trials

Abstract Aim: To review the effects of multicomponent exercise training on the domains of the intrinsic capacity of physically frail older adults: locomotion, vitality, cognition, psychological outcomes, and sensory function. Methods: The search for the studies was carried out in the MEDLINE, Cochrane CENTRAL, and PEDro databases, along with manual search, delimiting the period of publication as the last 10 years. The initial search identified 338 studies and 18 among them were analyzed qualitatively. Results: From the analysis of the included studies, great variability was evidenced between the intervention protocols, as well as between the results. As for the effectiveness of multicomponent exercise training, it has been shown to induce a positive effect on most of the analyzed outcomes. Conclusion: In summary, the present review suggests that multicomponent physical training can be effective to improve aspects of locomotion, cognition, and psychological aspects in frail older populations. Nevertheless, more studies are needed to specify the time needed to achieve such adaptations, the magnitude of these adaptations, and the design of the most appropriate training program for each outcome related to intrinsic capabilities.

Study of pulp blood flow in normal adult first molars detected by laser Doppler flowmetry / 口腔疾病防治

Objective @#To explore the "clinical normal reference range" of pulpal blood flow (PBF) in the physiological state in an effort to provide a reference for clinical diagnosis and treatment.@* Methods@# According to the working principle and operational considerations of laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF), the PBF blood flow value of the first molars of the upper and lower mandibles of normal adults was detected by LDF, and the clinical reference value range under physiological conditions was analyzed and calculated. The differences in PBF values by sex, dental position and location (left and right side, upper and lower jaw) were analyzed. @*Results @#A total of 200 normal adult participants with an average age of (22.76 ± 3.26) years were included. The cohort included 95 males and 105 females, with a total of 800 first molars. Neither the PBF values of the left and right first molars nor the PBF values of the upper and lower first molars in males or females significantly differed (P>0.05). The PBF value for females was higher than that of males. Specifically, the clinical reference PBF values for males and females were (8.56 ± 3.25) PU and (9.51 ± 3.47) PU, respectively.@*Conclusion @#The PBF values of normal adult first molars in healthy subjects were higher in females than in males, and in the PBF values of first molars of the same sex did not significantly differ between the left side and right side or upper and lower jaw; these values could be used as a reference for the selection of control teeth.

The physiology of plant seed aging: a review / 生物工程学报

Seed quality plays an important role in the agricultural and animal husbandry production, the effective utilization of genetic resources, the conservation of biodiversity and the restoration and reconstruction of plant communities. Seed aging is a common physiological phenomenon during storage. It is a natural irreversible process that occurs and develops along with the extension of seed storage time. It is not only related to the growth, yield and quality of seed and seedling establishment, but also has an important effect on the conservation, utilization and development of plant germplasm resources. The physiological mechanisms of seed aging are complex and diverse. Most studies focus on conventional physiological characterization, while systematic and comprehensive in-depth studies are lacking. Here we review the recent advances in understanding the physiology of seed aging process, including the methods of seed aging, the effect of aging on seed germination, and the physiological and molecular mechanisms of seed aging. The change of multiple physiological parameters, including seed vigor, electrical conductivity, malondialdehyde content and storage material in the seed, antioxidant enzyme activity and mitochondrial structure, were summarized. Moreover, insights into the mechanism of seed aging from the aspects of transcriptome, proteome and aging related gene function were summarized. This study may facilitate the research of seed biology and the conservation and utilization of germplasm resources.

Investigation on reproductive characteristics of Polygonatum cyrtonema / 中国中药杂志

The study is aimed to investigate the reproductive biology characteristics of Polygonatum cyrtonema, especially including phenology, flower bud differentiation, flowering timing, floral traits, pollen vigor and stigma receptivity. The results showed that P. cyrtonema forms inflorescence before the leaves spread. In the wild, P. cyrtonema is mainly pollinated by insects such as bumblebees, with a seed setting rate of 65.12%. The seed setting rate of indoor single plant isolation or self-pollination enclosed by parchment paper bag is 0, indicating that it is self-incompatible. In Lin'an city, seedlings begin to emerge from mid-March to early April(the temperature is higher than 7.5 ℃), buds begin to emerge from the end of March to mid-April, and then undergo the full bloom stage from mid-to-late April, and the final flowering stage from the end of April to mid-May. The whole flowering period lasts 36 to 45 days. There are obvious differences in the phenology of different provenances. The flowers come into bloom from the base to the top along the aboveground main axis, which usually contain 4-22 inflorescences with(2-) 4-10(-21) flowers per inflorescence. The flowering pe-riod for a single plant is 26-38 days. The single flower lasts about 20-25 days from budding to opening and withers 2 days after pollination, and then the ovary will gradually expand. If unpollinated, it will continue to bloom for 3-5 days and then wither. Flower development period is significantly related to pollen vigor and stigma remittance. The pollen viability is the highest when the flower is fully opened with anthers gathering on the stigma, and the receptivity is the strongest when the stigma protrudes out of the perianth and secretes mucus. The fruits and seeds ripen in October, and proper shading can ensure the smooth development and maturity of the seeds. This study provides a basis for the hybrid breeding and seed production of P. cyrtonema.

Comparison of different bioactive scaffolds in the treatment of regenerative pulp of young permanent teeth / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND: Regenerative endodontic therapy has the advantages of good biocompatibility, complete root development and high pulp vitality preservation rate. During vascular regeneration, scaffold is needed to maintain the survival of stem cells and vascular regeneration. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the effect of different bioactive scaffolds on regenerative pulp of young permanent teeth. METHODS: Totally 160 patients (168 teeth) with acute pulpitis at the age of 8 to 16 years, who were treated in the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University from June 2016 to June 2018, were enrolled in this study. The patients were divided into traumatic group (n=92) and dental caries group (n=76) according to a cause of a disease. Each group was subdivided into mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), iRoot BP Plus, autologous platelet-rich fibrin (PRF)+MTA and acellular dermal matrix (ADM)+MTA subgroups. The corresponding stents were used to treat regenerative pulp. At 1, 3, 6, 12 and 24 months, the tooth color, pulp vitality, and eruption height were recorded. Root canal length, root canal wall thickness, periapical shadow and apical foramen closure were compared using X-ray photography; and the success rate was calculated. This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) At the final follow-up in the traumatic group, tooth color, pulp vitality and eruption height were not significantly different among the four scaffold subgroups (P > 0.05). Root canal length, root canal wall thickness, periapical shadow and apical foramen occlusion were significantly different among the four scaffold subgroups (P 0.05). Root canal length, root canal wall thickness, periapical shadow and apical foramen occlusion were significantly different among the four scaffold subgroups (P < 0.05). Among them, the effect was best in the PRF+MTA subgroup. (3) No matter traumatic group or dental caries group, the success rate was significantly different among the four scaffold subgroups (P < 0.05); and the success rate was highest in the PRF+MTA subgroup. (4) Results verified that PRF combined with MTA has excellent biological induction in the treatment of young permanent teeth with regenerative pulp. Compared with other scaffolds, it can better preserve pulp vitality, induce the formation of young permanent teeth roots and improve the success rate of treatment.

A contraindication to orthodontic and endodontic treatment: periapical cemento-osseous dysplasia

ABSTRACT Introduction: The dental pulp is completely normal in teeth with periapical cemento-osseous dysplasia. However, orthodontic and endodontic treatments are contraindicated in cases with this injury. Objective: Present some biological, clinical and imaging reasons opposing these contraindications and questioning which are the real ones impediments and the reasons for the lack of research on the disease, analyzing cases submitted to orthopedic treatment under controlled and ethically approved conditions. Conclusion: The clinician can act safely based in available knowledge and aware of the possible consequences of orthodontic movement in teeth with periapical cemento-osseous dysplasia, as well as in the proper way of making a safe and definitive diagnosis.

RESUMO Introdução: A polpa dentária é completamente normal nos dentes com displasia cemento-óssea periapical. Porém, os tratamentos ortodônticos e endodônticos estão contraindicados nos casos com essa lesão. Objetivo: Apresentar algumas razões biológicas, clínicas e imagiológicas, contrapondo-se essas contraindicações e questionando quais seriam os reais impedimentos e os motivos da falta de pesquisa sobre a doença, analisando casuísticas submetidas ao tratamento ortodôntico sob condições controladas e eticamente aprovadas. Conclusão: O clínico pode agir de forma segura embasado no conhecimento disponível e consciente das possíveis consequências da movimentação ortodôntica nos dentes com displasia cemento-óssea periapical, bem como na forma adequada de se fazer o diagnóstico seguro e definitivo da doença.

Diagnostic accuracy of dental pulse oximeter with customized sensor holder, thermal test and electric pulp test for the evaluation of pulp vitality: an in vivo study / Precisão diagnóstica do oxímetro de pulso odontológico com suporte de sensor personalizado, teste térmico e teste elétrico da polpa para avaliação da vitalidade pulpar: um estudo in vivo

Background: the efficiency of the diagnostic aids plays an important role in the treatment plan. This study aims to assess the diagnostic accuracy of dental pulse oximeter with a customized sensor holder, thermal test and electric pulp tester in assessing the actual pulp status and to evaluate the oxygen saturation level in control healthy teeth, non-vital and teeth with irreversible pulpitis. Material and methods: thirty-seven single canal teeth requiring endodontic therapy were included in the study. The selected teeth were tested with dental pulse oximeter, electric pulp test, cold spray, and heated gutta percha stick. Between each test a time lag of 2 minutes was allowed for the central sensitization to occur. Three blinded operators were involved in the study. The actual status of the pulp was evaluated after the initiation of endodontic treatment, by direct visual examination of the accessed cavity. The data was statistically analysed using (ANOVA) Analysis of Variance and Post-hoc Tukey test. Results: sensitivity of pulse oximeter, heat test, cold and electric pulp test, was 100, 25, 50, and 12, respectively. The specificity of these tests was 100, 72 81, and 77, respectively. The ANOVA showed that there was statistical difference between all the groups (p=0.0005). Post-Hoc Tukey revealed that there was statistical difference among all the groups, nonvital group (p=0.0005), control group (p=0.01) and for irreversible pulpitis (p=0.01). The overall diagnostic accuracy of pulse oximeter was 100% followed by cold test 66%, heat test to be 49% and electric pulp test to be 45%. Conclusion: the custom-made holder used in the present study aided in providing accurate response for pulp vitality testing. In this study the diagnostic accuracy was high with dental pulse oximeter followed by cold, heat and the least was electric pulp tester in different pulpal conditions. (AU)

Fundamentação: a eficiência dos meios de diagnóstico desempenha um papel importante no plano de tratamento. Este estudo tem como objetivo avaliar a precisão diagnóstica do oxímetro de pulso odontológico com um suporte de sensor personalizado, teste térmico e testador de polpa elétrico na avaliação da condição pulpar e na avaliação do nível de saturação de oxigênio em dentes controle saudáveis, não vitais e dentes com pulpite irreversível. Material e métodos: trinta e sete dentes de canal único que necessitavam de terapia endodôntica foram incluídos no estudo. Os dentes selecionados foram testados com oxímetro de pulso, teste pulpar elétrico, spray frio e bastão de guta-percha aquecido. Entre cada teste, foi permitido um intervalo de tempo de 2 minutos para a sensibilização central ocorrer. Três operadores cegos foram envolvidos no estudo. A condição real da polpa foi avaliada após o início do tratamento endodôntico, por meio de exame visual direto da cavidade de acesso. Os dados foram analisados estatisticamente pelo teste de Análise de Variância (ANOVA) e pelo teste Post-hoc de Tukey. Resultados: a sensibilidade do oxímetro de pulso, teste de calor, de frio e teste pulpar elétrico foi de 100, 25, 50 e 12, respectivamente. A especificidade desses testes foi de 100, 72 81 e 77, respectivamente. O teste de ANOVA mostrou que houve diferença estatística entre todos os grupos (p = 0,0005). O teste Post-Hoc de Tukey revelou que houve diferença estatística entre todos os grupos, grupo não-vital (p = 0,0005), grupo controle (p = 0,01) e pulpite irreversível (p = 0,01). A precisão diagnóstica geral do oxímetro de pulso foi de 100%, seguida pelo teste a frio de 66%, o teste de calor a 49% e o teste pulpar elétrico a 45%. Conclusão: o suporte personalizado utilizado no presente estudo ajudou a fornecer uma resposta precisa para o teste de vitalidade pulpar. Neste estudo, a precisão diagnóstica foi alta com o oxímetro de pulso dental, seguido do teste com frio e calor, sendo o teste elétrico o menos eficaz nas diferentes condições pulpares testadas.(AU)

Ganoderic acid A protects lens epithelial cells from UVB irradiation and delays lens opacity / 中国天然药物

A contributory role of oxidative stress and protection by antioxidant nutrients have been suspected in cataract formation. Ganoderic acid A (GAA), an effective lanostane triterpene, is widely reported as an antioxidant. The aim of this study is to investigate the potential effects of GAA on cataract formation. After lens epithelial cells (LECs) were exposed to UVB radiation for different periods, cell viability, apoptosis-related protein levels, malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities were monitored. We found that cell viability, the Bcl-2/Bax ratio and SOD activity were increased, while Cleaved caspase-3 levels and MDA activity were decreased compared with those in UVB-impaired LECs after GAA treated. Furthermore, GAA activated PI3K/AKT in UVB-impaired LECs and effectively delayed the occurrence of lens opacity in vitro. In conclusion, these findings demonstrated that GAA exhibited protective functions in SRA01/04 cells and rat lenses against UVB-evoked impairment through elevating cell viability and antioxidant activity, inhibiting cell apoptosis, activating the PI3K/AKT pathway and delaying lens opacity.

Retrospective study of flexible fiber splints in the treatment of horizontal root fractures in permanent teeth / 口腔疾病防治

Objective@#To analyze the clinical effect of flexible fiber splint on traumatized permanent teeth with horizontal root fractures and to provide the basis for clinical treatment.@*Methods@#The case data of 54 permanent root anterior teeth with horizontal root fractures were collected. Patients with affected teeth were followed for 1 to 2 years to analyze the root fractures. The preservation rate and pulp survival rate were analyzed, and further analysis was performed on the effects of the root fracture location (cervical 1/3, Mid-root, apical 1/3), root development stage (mature permanent teeth, young permanent teeth), dislocation of the coronal fragment (<1 mm, 1 mm, > 1 mm) on root fracture healing and dental pulp survival. @*Results @# A total of 54 teeth with root fractures were treated according to the International Dental Trauma Association Treatment Guidelines. After the application of flexible fiber splint fixation, the tooth preservation rate was 90.7%, and the pulp survival rate was 75.9%, the hard tissues healing rate was 61.1%(33/54). There were no significant differences in the locations of root fractures, the developmental stages of the roots, or the degrees of dislocation of coronal fragment on the types of root fracture healing or dental pulp survival (P > 0.05). @*Conclusion@#The flexible fiber splint has a wide range of indications. Except for affected teeth with the root fracture located above the alveolar crest, other types of horizontal root fractures in anterior teeth can be treated with flexible fiber splint fixation and can achieve a good prognosis.

Effect of double chain method on the closure of orthodontic teeth / 解剖学报

Objective To study the safety and effectiveness of the double chain method on the closure of the space of the teeth. Methods Totally 72 cases of different maxillary and mandible dentition space were included in the study. The pulp vitality was measured before and after treatment, the maxillary and mandible first molar teeth. All values were compared to assess the safety of dental pulp vitality. There were 36 cases in tooth extraction group and non-tooth extraction group.The observation period was 4 weeks, the changes of the alveolar space between maxillary and mandible teeth in adult and minor groups were measured before and after treatment. The difference of the total groove spacing before and after treatment were calculated and compared, to assess the effectiveness of space closure. Results In all 72 patients, there was no significant difference in the vitality of the pulp before and after treatment (P>0. 05). Compared to before treatment, the sum of the distance between the upper and lower mandibular groove using the double chain method was significantly reduced for both adult and juvenile patients in the four week tooth extraction group and the nontooth extraction group,the difference was statistically significant (P<0. 05). Conclusion Double chain closed teeth space does not cause pulp degeneration and necrosis. It is safe in clinical practice. Double chain method is effective, and can simplify the clinical operation.

Influence of dexamethasone and surfactant in the vitality and lung function of preterm lambs born by cesarean section / Influência da dexametasona e do surfactante na vitalidade e na função pulmonar de cordeiros prematuros nascidos por cesariana eletiva

The aim of this study was to assess the vitality and lung function of preterm lambs. Twenty seven preterm lambs were divided in four groups. Group I (n=6) preterm lambs/ control; group II (n=9) lambs born to mothers that were treated with dexamethasone antepartum; group III (n=6) lambs treated with surfactant; and group IV (n=6) lambs treated with surfactant and born to mothers that were treated with dexamethasone antepartum. The APGAR score was performed after birth (T0) and 15 minutes later (T1/4) to assess vitality. The vital signs, blood gas analysis, spirometry and capnometry were assessed immediately after birth and continued until 48 hours. Chest radiographs were performed at T0, T24 and T48. Significant rectal temperature interactions occurred at T1 and T6 depending on the type of treatment used. All animals showed low pH values, which were associated with high pCO2 values and HCO3 -values that increased over time from immediately after birth to two days of age. Higher tidal volume values were observed at T1/4, T1 and T24 when the animals were not treated with surfactant. Capnometry showed significant interactions between treatments at T0. Premature animals showed low vitality and impaired pulmonary function.(AU)

O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar a vitalidade e a função pulmonar de cordeiros prematuros. Vinte e sete cordeiros foram divididos em quatro grupos: grupo I (n= 6), cordeiros prematuros/controle; grupo II (n= 9), cordeiros prematuros nascidos de mães tratadas com dexametasona antes do parto; grupo III (n= 6), cordeiros prematuros tratados com surfactante; e grupo IV (n= 6), cordeiros prematuros tratados com surfactante e nascidos de mães tratadas com dexametasona antes do parto. O escore APGAR foi realizado após o nascimento (T0) e 15 minutos depois (T1/4). Os parâmetros vitais, hemogasometria, espirometria e capnometria foram avaliados após o nascimento até 48 horas. As radiografias torácicas foram realizadas em T0, T24 e T48. Interações significativas de temperatura retal ocorreram em T1 e T6, dependendo do tipo de tratamento utilizado. Todos os animais apresentaram valores de pH baixos, que foram associados com altos valores de pCO2 e valores de HCO3 que aumentaram ao longo do tempo. Os maiores valores de volume corrente foram observados em T1/4, T1 e T24, quando os animais não foram tratados com surfactante. A capnometria mostrou interações significativas entre tratamentos em T0. Os animais prematuros apresentaram pouca vitalidade e deficiência da função pulmonar.(AU)

Scale of Positive and Negative Affects (EAPN-10): Evidence of its Psychometric Adequacy / Escala de Afetos Positivos e Negativos (EAPN-10): Evidências de sua Adequação Psicométrica / Escala de Afectos Positivos y Negativos (EAPN-10): Evidencias de su Adecuación Psicométrica

Abstract This study aimed to gather psychometric evidence of the Scale of Positive and Negative Affects (EAPN-10) within the Brazilian context. Three studies were performed (N = 911). Study 1 considered 296 undergraduate students (MAge = 23.8; 59.1% females), who answered the EAPN-10 and a demographic questionnaire. Exploratory factor analysis revealed a two-factor structure [positive affects (α = .82) and negative affects (α = .81)], explaining 59.7% of the total variance. Study 2 took into account the participation of 313 undergraduate students (MAge = 23.3; 57.2% females), who answered the same instruments. Confirmatory factor analysis corroborated the two-factor structure (e.g., CFI = .92), which was invariant across males and females (e.g., ΔCFI < .01), with alphas greater than .70. Finally, Study 3's participants were 302 university students (MAge = 23.1; 54.3% females), who answered the aforementioned instruments as well as measures of vitality, positivity, optimism, anxiety, depression and stress. Supporting their criterion validity, positive affects (α = .83) were positively correlated with well-being indicators, and negative affects (α = .80) were positively correlated with indicators of psychological discomfort. In conclusion, the EAPN-10 is a psychometrically adequate measure that can be employed to assess people's affects and their correlates within the Brazilian context.

Resumo Este estudo objetivou reunir evidências psicométricas da Escala de Afetos Positivos e Negativos (EAPN-10) no contexto brasileiro. Realizaram-se três estudos. O Estudo 1 considerou 296 estudantes universitários (MIdade = 23,8; 59,1% mulheres), os quais responderam a EAPN-10 e perguntas demográficas. A análise fatorial exploratória revelou uma estrutura bifatorial [afetos positivos (α = 0,82) e afetos negativos (α = 0,81)], explicando 59,7% da variância total. No Estudo 2 participaram 313 estudantes universitários (MIdade = 23,3; 57,2% mulheres), que responderam os instrumentos do estudo anterior. A análise fatorial confirmatória corroborou a estrutura bifatorial (e.g., CFI = 0,92), que se mostrou invariante entre homens e mulheres (e.g., ΔCFI < 0,01), tendo alfas superiores a 0,80. Por fim, o Estudo 3 reuniu 302 estudantes universitários (MIdade = 23,1; 54,3% mulheres), que responderam os instrumentos prévios e medidas de vitalidade, positividade, otimismo, ansiedade, depressão e estresse. Atestando evidências de sua validade de critério, os afetos positivos (α = 0,83) se correlacionaram positivamente com os indicadores de bem-estar, enquanto os negativos (α = 0,80) o fizeram com aqueles de mal-estar psicológico. Conclui-se que a EAPN-10 é psicometricamente adequada, podendo ser empregada para conhecer os afetos e seus correlatos no contexto brasileiro.

Resumen Este estudio ha tenido como objetivo reunir evidencias psicométricas de la Escala de Afectos Positivos y Negativos (EAPN-10) en el contexto brasileño. Se realizaron tres estudios. El Estudio 1 consideró 296 estudiantes universitarios (MEdad = 23.8, 59.1% mujeres), que contestaron a la EAPN-10 y preguntas demográficas. El análisis factorial exploratorio ha indicado una estructura bifactorial [afectos positivos (α = .82) y afectos negativos (α = .81)], explicando el 59.7% de la varianza total. En Estudio 2 reunió 313 estudiantes universitarios (MEdad = 23.3, 57.2% mujeres), que contestaron los instrumentos del estudio anterior. El análisis factorial confirmatorio ha corroborado la estructura bifatorial (CFI = .92), que se mostró invariante entre varones y mujeres (ΔCFI < .01), con alfas superiores a .70. Por último, el Estudio 3 contó con 302 estudiantes universitarios (MEdad = 23.1, 54.3% mujeres), que contestaron a los instrumentos previos y medidas de vitalidad, positividad, optimismo, ansiedad, depresión y estrés. Confirmando evidencias de validez de criterio, los afectos positivos (α = .83) se han correlacionado positivamente con los indicadores de bienestar, mientras que los negativos (α = .80) lo hicieron con aquellos de malestar psicológico. Concluyendo, la EAPN-10 se ha mostrado psicometricamente adecuada, pudiendo ser empleada para conocer los afectos y sus correlatos en el contexto brasileño.

Statistics and Colonial Medicine: A Doubt and Controversy on Tuberculosis Statistics in Colonial Korea / 의사학

This paper focuses on the criticism of tuberculosis statistics published by the Japanese Government-general in colonial Korea and a research on the reality of tuberculosis prevalence by medical doctors from the Department of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine at Keijo Imperial University (DHPMK). Recent studies have shown that colonial statistics shape the image of colonial subjects and justify the control to them. Following this perspective, this paper explores the process of producing the statistical knowledge of tuberculosis by medical scientists from DHPMK. Their goal was to find out the resistance to tuberculosis as biological characteristics of Korean race/ethnicity. In order to do so, they demonstrated the existence of errors in tuberculosis statistics by the Korean colonial government and devised a statistical method to correct them based on the conviction that the Western modern medicine was superior than Korean traditional medicine as well as the racist bias against Korean. By analyzing how the statistical concepts reflected these prejudices, this paper argues that the statistical knowledge of tuberculosis created images that Japanese people was healthier and stronger than the Korean people and justified the colonial government's control over Korean.

Effect of at-home bleaching on oxygen saturation levels in the dental pulp of maxillary central incisors

Abstract The present study assessed oxygen saturation (SaO2) levels before, during, and after at-home bleaching treatment in the pulps of healthy maxillary central incisors. SaO2 levels were measured in 136 healthy maxillary central incisors using a pulse oximeter. The bleaching protocol consisted of 10% carbamide peroxide gel placed in individual trays and used for four hours daily for 14 days. SaO2 levels were assessed before bleaching (T0), immediately after the first session (T1), on the 7th day of treatment (T2), on the 15th day (the day following the last session) (T3), and 30 days after completion of the bleaching protocol (T4). Data were statistically analyzed using generalized estimating equations (GEE), Student's t test (p<0.05) and Pearson's correlation. Mean pulp SaO2 levels were 85.1% at T0, 84.9% at T1, 84.7% at T2, 84.3% at T3, and 85.0% at T4. Gradual reductions in SaO2 levels were observed, with significant differences (p<0.001) during the course of home bleaching treatment. However, 30 days after the end of the bleaching protocol, SaO2 levels returned to baseline levels. Home bleaching caused a reversible transient decrease in SaO2 levels in the pulps.

Resumo Este estudo verificou o grau de saturação de oxigênio (SaO2) pulpar antes, durante e após o clareamento dental caseiro em incisivos centrais superiores hígidos. O nível de SaO2 foi verificado em 136 incisivos centrais superiores hígidos usando oxímetro de pulso. A técnica de clareamento empregou peróxido de carbamida 10% em moldeira individual por quatro horas diárias durante 14 dias. Os níveis de SaO2 foram analisados antes do clareamento (T0), imediatamente após a primeira sessão (T1), no sétimo dia de tratamento (T2), no décimo quinto dia (um dia após a última sessão) (T3) e 30 dias após o término do clareamento dental (T4). A análise estatística utilizou o modelo de equações de estimações generalizadas (GEE), teste t de Student (p<0,05) e correlação de Pearson. Os níveis médios de SaO2 pulpar foram 85,1% em T0, 84,9% em T1, 84,7% em T2, 84,3% em T3 e 85,0% em T4. Foi observada uma redução gradual dos níveis de SaO2, com diferenças significantes (p<0,001) durante o clareamento dental caseiro. No entanto, 30 dias após o término do clareamento dental, houve retorno aos valores iniciais. O clareamento dental caseiro provocou uma diminuição transitória reversível no grau de SaO2 pulpar.