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Bronchopulmonary dysplasia is one of the most common complications of preterm infants.The main pathological feature is dysplasia of the alveoli and pulmonary microvessels.Vitamin D is a steroid hormone.By binding to vitamin D receptors, it can protect the barrier function of alveolar epithelium, promote pulmonary vascularization, inhibit pulmonary fibrosis, regulate immune function, and repair damaged lung epithelial cells.It is beneficial to lung development and the improvement of lung function in preterm infants.Therefore, monitoring the level of vitamin D in the perinatal period and supplementing with appropriate doses is expected to be one of the ways to reduce the occurrence of moderate and severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia and improve the lung development of preterm infants.
ABSTRACT
Background: Deficiency of Vitamin D in general population and its association with various disease conditions have been studied worldwide. Type 2 Diabetes mellitus is increasing at an alarming rate in Indian subcontinent, contributing to increased morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to estimate level of Vitamin D and its association with patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus of rural origin. This study objective was to estimate the Vitamin D level of patients with Type 2 Diabetes mellitus and the effect of Vitamin D supplementation on glycemic statusMethods: This study was conducted at the Department of General medicine for a period of 1 year. Eighty patients with type 2 Diabetes mellitus were recruited in the study and baseline parameters of glycemic control and Vitamin D levels were assessed. Only 36 patients complied with the recommendation and evaluated further.Results: All the patients included in the study had insufficient or deficient levels of Vitamin D. The mean vitamin D levels before and after supplementation were 17.75±6.30 and 29.33±6.34 respectively. The mean plasma HbA1c level before and after supplementation were 7.78 and 7.30 respectively. Patients after vitamin D replacement showed significant improvement in their glycaemic status.Conclusions: Vitamin D supplementation of 2000 IU/day had shown to improve the glycaemic status. The beneficial effect of Vitamin D on diabetes was evident in a short period of supplementation
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Introducción: el sol constituye la fuente principal de vitamina D, las últimas décadas se han caracterizado por una menor exposición al sol de la población general, lo cual ha posibilitado que el déficit de vitamina D reaparezca como un problema de salud mundial. Esta situación ha generado grandes controversias internacionales sobre el uso de suplementos de vitamina D en la edad pediátrica. Objetivo: reflexionar sobre las recomendaciones internacionales de suplementación con vitamina D en las edades pediátricas, ajustándolas al contexto cubano. Método: revisión documental. Se utilizaron motores de búsqueda (Google Académico, Springer Link, Microsoft Academic y SciELO - Scientific Electronic Library Online), y se emplearon las bases de datos disponibles en la Biblioteca Virtual de Salud, se revisaron evidencias científicas y se realizaron recomendaciones basadas en las mismas. Conclusiones: existen factores que llevan implícito un incremento del riesgo potencial de déficit de vitamina D. En Cuba se destacan la actualización de las medidas de fotoprotección para las edades pediátricas, la prevalencia de fototipos altos y el incremento de la obesidad en la población infantil. Se realizaron 9 recomendaciones para garantizar un aporte adecuado de vitamina D a los niños y adolescentes cubanos, el equivalente a 400 UI de vitamina D para menores de un año y 600 UI para los mayores de esa edad que pertenezcan a grupos de riesgo para esta hipovitaminosis(AU)
Introduction: The sun is the main source of vitamin D. The last decades have been characterized by a lower exposure to the sun by the general population, what has caused the recurrence of vitamin D deficit as a world health problem. This situation has given rise to international controversies on the use of vitamin D supplements in children. Objective: To reflect on the international recommendations about the use of vitamin D supplements in children, meeting the Cuban context. Method: A bibliographic review was carried out, using the search engines Scholar Google, Springer Link, Microsoft Academic and SciELO - Scientific Electronic Library Online, as well as databases available at the Health Virtual Library. Scientific evidences were checked and recommendations based on them were made. Conclusions: There are factors that have an implicit increasing risk of vitamin D deficit. In Cuba some important features stand out, as the updating of photoprotection in children, the prevalence of high phototypes and the increase of obesity in the child population. Nine recommendations were carried out to guarantee an adequate contribution of vitamin D to the Cuban children and adolescents, an equivalent of 400 IU of vitamin D for children younger tan one year and 600 IU for the older ones who belong to risk groups for this type of hypovitaminosis(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Avitaminosis/drug therapy , Vitamin D , Dietary Supplements , CubaABSTRACT
Epidemiologic evidence suggests that vitamin D status, as assessed by serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels, is associated with increased risk for diabetes, and that adequate intake of vitamin D may prevent or delay the onset of diabetes. Many individuals with diabetes have decreased levels of vitamin D, and lack of vitamin D may be associated with hyperglycemia, increased hemoglobin A1c, insulin resistance, and progression of diabetes. Optimal vitamin D status is needed to prevent adverse outcomes in diabetic patients. Increasing intake of vitamin D by diet, oral supplements and sun exposure may be easy and cost-effective methods to improve metabolic control and prevent diabetes.