Comparison of HPLC fingerprints and determination of main components of Viticis Fructus from different species / 中国中药杂志

In order to comprehensively evaluate the quality of Viticis Fructus, this study established HPLC fingerprints and evaluated the quality of 24 batches of Viticis Fructus samples from different species by similarity evaluation and multivariate statistical analysis(PCA, HCA, PLS-DA). On this basis, an HPLC method was established to compare the content differences of the main components, including casticin, agnuside, homoorientin, and p-hydroxybenzoic acid. The analysis was performed on the chromatographic column(Waters Symmetry C_(18)) with a gradient mobile phase of acetonitrile(A)-0.05% phosphoric acid solution(B) at the flow rate of 1 mL·min~(-1) and detection wavelength of 258 nm. The column temperature was 30 ℃ and the injection volume was 10 μL. The HPLC fingerprint of 24 batches of Viticis Fructus samples was established with 21 common peaks, and nine peaks were identified. Similarity analysis was carried out based on chromatographic data of 24 batches of chromatographic data of Viticis Fructus, and the results showed that except for DYMJ-16, the similarity of Vitex trifolia var. simplicifolia was ≥0.900, while that of V. trifolia was ≤0.864. In addition, the similarity analysis of two different species showed that the similarity of 16 batches of V. trifolia var. simplicifolia was 0.894-0.997 and that of the eight batches of V. trifolia was between 0.990 and 0.997. The results showed that the similarity of fingerprints of these two species was different, but the similarity between the same species was good. The results of the three multivariate statistical analyses were consistent, which could distinguish the two different species. The VIP analysis results of PLS-DA showed that casticin and agnuside contributed the most to the distinction. The content determination results showed that there was no significant difference in the content of homoorientin and p-hydroxybenzoic acid in Viticis Fructus from different species, but the content of casticin and agnuside was significantly different in different species(P<0.01). The content of casticin was higher in V. trifolia var. simplicifolia, while agnuside was higher in V. trifolia. The findings of this study show that there are differences in fingerprint similarity and component content of Viticis Fructus from different species, which can provide references for the in-depth study of the quality and clinical application of Viticis Fructus.

Larvicidal activity of essential oil from Vitex negundo and Vitex trifolia on dengue vector mosquito Aedes aegypti

Abstract INTRODUCTION: The ability of Vitex trifolia and Vitex negundo essential oils to kill Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus larvae was evaluated. METHODS: The larvae were treated with their respective essential oils at 50-125 ppm concentration. RESULTS: LC50 and LC90 for V. trifolia against Ae. aegypti and C. quinquefasciatus, and those for V. negundo against Ae. aegypti were 57.7+0.4, 77.9+0.9 ppm and 55.17+3.14, 78.28+2.23 ppm, and 50.86+0.9, 73.12+1.3 ppm, respectively. Eucalyptol and caryophyllene were the major components in Vitex trifolia and Vitex negundo essential oil, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: This study revealed potential larvicidal properties of essential oil from V. trifolia.

Chemical constituents of Viticis Fructus / 国际药学研究杂志

Objective: To investigate the chemical constituents of the fruits of Vitex trifolia Linn. var. simplicifo- lia Cham(Viticis Fructus,VF). Methods: Various column chromatographic techniques(Silica gel,Sephadex LH-20, ODS,and MCI)and preparative high performance liquid chromatography(PHPLC)were employed to separate the chem- ical constituents of the ethanolic extracts of VF. The chemical structures of the isolated compounds were identified accord- ing to the physicochemical properties as well as the NMR and MS data. Results: The isolated fifteen compounds from the ethanol extract of VF were identified as agestricin D(1),5,3’-dihydroxy-6,7,4’-trimethoxyflavanone(2),chryso- splenol D(3),casticin(4),vitetrifolin F(5),4β,10α-aromadendranediol(6),(E)-3,3’-dimethoxy-4,4’-dihydroxystilbene(7),(8R)-evofolin B(8),ω-hydroxypropioguaiacone(9),4(- 4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-butanone(10),4-hy- droxyacetophenone(11),α-hydroxyacetovanillone(12),benzyl-β-D-glucopyranoside(13),picein(14),and 4-(4’- hydroxyphenyl)-2-butanone-4’-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(15),respectively. Conclusion: Compounds 7,8,10,and 13-15 are obtained from the genus Vitex for the first time.

Chemical constituents from fruits of Vitex trifolia var. simplicifolia / 中国中药杂志

The present study is to investigate the chemical constituents from the dried ripe fruits of Vitex trifolia var. simplicifolia The compounds were isolated by using a variety of chromatographic methods including silicagel, ODS, Sephadex LH-20, reversed-phase HPLC, and other methods. Their structures were identified by NMR, and MS date. As a result, 18 compounds were isolated and identified as ent-2-oxo15,16,19-trihydroxypimar-8(14)-ene (1), chrysosplenol D (2), casticin (3), luteolin (4), eupatrin (5), apigenin (6), 5,4'-dihydroxy-3,6,7-trimethoxyflavone (7), luteolin-4'--glucoside (8), hypolaetin-7---D-glucopyranoside (9), swertisin (10), agestricin D (11), 5,3'-dihydroxy-6,7,4'-trimethoxyflavanone (12), tomentic acid (13), 2α,3,23-trihydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic acid (14), 3'-acetoxy-4'-angeloyloxy-3',4'-dihydroseselin (15), dihydrodehydrodiconiferyl alcohol (16), 3,5'-dimethoxy-4',7-epoxy-8,3'-neolignane-5,9,9'-triol (17) and salicifoliol (18). Among them, compounds 1, 2, 5-15, 17 and 18 were obtained from V. trifolia var. simplicifolia Cham for the first time and compounds 1, 5, 7-11, 15, 17 and 18 were isolated from thegenus Vitex for the first time.

Screening of phytochemical properties and antimicrobial activity of Malaysian medicinal plants against aquatic bacteria

Aims: Quantitative screening of phytochemical properties and antimicrobial activities were done on some plants of importance in human medicine as traditional herbs to treat fish diseases in Malaysia. Six extracts of Vitex trifolia, Aloe vera, Strobilanthes crispus, Clinacanthus nutans, Pereskia grandifolia and Peperomia pellucida were determined for phytochemical properties and their antibacterial activities against common freshwater pathogens i.e. Streptococcus agalactiae, Aeromonas hydrophila and Enterobacter cloacae. Methodology and results: Qualitative screening of phytochemical properties in herbs were determined using conversional method for flavonoids, tannins, saponin, alkaloids steroid and glycoside The results showed flavonoid was presence in all plant extracts. For the antimicrobial activity, the aqueous and methanolic extracts were tested by using disk diffusion method. Antimicrobial assay of methanolic crude extracts (25 to 100 mg/mL) showed effectiveness against the pathogenic bacteria. Comparatively, all aqueous extracts did not show any antimicrobial activity. Strong antibacterial activity was shown by the methanolic extracts of V. trifolia, A. vera and S. crispus while moderate antimicrobial activity was shown by C. nutans, P. grandifolia and P. pellucida. Conclusion, significance and impact study: The current results indicated that the studied plants might indeed be potential sources of natural antimicrobial agents to control fish diseases.

Inhibition of Melanogenesis by Abietatriene from Vitex Trifolia Leaf Oil

Vitex trifolia L. has been used traditionally to treat various illnesses, such as inflammation, headache, migraine, and gastrointestinal infections. We analyzed and evaluated the composition of V. trifolia leaf oil. Based on the results, we isolated abietatriene from V. trifolia leaf oil and investigated the effect of V. trifolia leaf oil and its active compound abietatriene on melanogenesis in B16F10 melanoma cells. They significantly decreased melanin contents and melanogenic factors, such as tyrosinase, TRP-1, TRP-2, and MITF dose-dependently in both protein and mRNA levels. Protein and mRNA expressions were determined by Western blot analysis and quantitative real time RT-PCR. Findings indicate that V. trifolia leaf oil and abietatriene reduce melanogenesis by regulating the expression of melanogenic factors. These results suggest that V. trifolia leaf oil and abietatriene could comprise a useful therapeutic agent for treating hyperpigmentation and used as effective skin-whitening agents.

Screening of antibacterial activity, qualitative and quantitative analysis of phytochemicals in vitex trifolia.

The present focus of the study was to evaluate the antibacterial activity and phytochemical analysis in the medically important plant vitex trifolia leaf extract by using solvents like aqueous, methanol, acetone, benzene, petroleum ether. The plant vitex trifolia used for its phytochemical and pharmacological studies. In qualitative and quantitative analysis of vitex trifolia viz., alkaloids, saponin, tannin, phenols, terpenoids, flavonoids, steroids, were determined using standard methods. Vitex trifolia leaves were collected, air-dried and soxhlet extracted by using standard method. These extracts were then tested for antimicrobial activity using disc diffusion method. Vitex trifolia showed highest antibacterial activity (IZ= 0.5cm in acetone extract, IZ = 0.75 in ethanol extract) against Bacillus subtilis and (IZ= 0.15cm in acetone extract, IZ = 0.25cm in ethanol extract, IZ = 0.35cm in aqueous extract) against Escherichia coli. Results concluded that the phytochemicals of leaves extract of vitex trifolia has the potential to act as a antibacterial agent.

Chemical composition of Vitex trifolia L

The chemical composition of the petroleum ether extract, methanol extract and essential oil of Vitex trifolia L were analyzed by GC/MS method. The major compounds of the petroleum either extract were found to be a-pinene, sabinene,1,8-cineole, -terpinyl acetate, methyl-8,11,14-heptadecatrienoat and squalan. An alcaloid isoindol derivate was isolated from methanol extract of Vitex trifolia L. fruit