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1.
São Paulo; s.n; 2012. 228 p. ilus, tab, graf.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-691545

ABSTRACT

Staphylococcus aureus resistente à meticilina (MRSA, Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus) é um dos principais responsáveis por infecções nosocomiais, sendo identificado também em infecções associadas à comunidade. Embora potentes fármacos anti-estafilocócicos estejam disponíveis, as infecções causadas por este patógeno continuam a apresentar significativa morbidade e mortalidade devido ao aparecimento de cepas com resistência a múltiplos fármacos, incluindo vancomicina e teicoplanina. Compostos 5-nitro-heterocíclicos com estrutura análoga à nifuroxazida, antimicrobiano utilizado em infecções gastrintestinais, têm apresentado satisfatória atividade in vitro frente a estas cepas multirresistentes, sendo importante e necessária a avaliação de sua biodisponibilidade oral como próximo estágio no desenvolvimento de um novo fármaco, visando à seleção eficiente e ao aprimoramento da estrutura molecular. Neste contexto, o presente estudo tem por objetivo empregar ensaios in vitro, utilizando células Caco-2, e métodos in silico, utilizando descritores moleculares VolSurf, a fim de analisar a permeabilidade de análogos à nifuroxazida com atividade antimicrobiana apresentando, principalmente, atividade potencial frente a cepas multirresistentes de S. aureus. Empregou-se o método de MTT (brometo de 3-(4,5-dimetiltiazol-2-il)-2,5-difenil tetrazólio) para a avaliação da citotoxicidade. Nos estudos de permeabilidade in vitro foram utilizadas membranas de células Caco-2 cultivadas em placas Transwel® por 21 dias. A quantificação das frações permeadas foi realizada por cromatografia a líquido de alta eficiência com detecção UV (CLAE-UV), com métodos validados de acordo com a Resolução 899/03. Os estudos in silico foram realizados por meio de análise exploratória, pelo método de consenso de análise de componentes principais (CPCA, Consensus Principal Component Analysis), e análise de regressão, por quadrados mínimos parciais (PLS, Partial Least Squares). As células...


Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is one of the main pathogens responsible for nosocomial infections, also identified in community-associated infections. Although potent anti-staphylococcal drugs are available, infections caused by this bacteria continues to show significant morbidity and mortality due to the emergence of strains with resistance to multiple drugs, including vancomycin and teicoplanin. The 5-nitro-heterocyclic derivatives of nifuroxazide, which is an antimicrobial used to treat gastrointestinal infections, have shown satisfactory in vitro activity against multidrug-resistant strains of S. aureus. As a next step in the development of a new drug, it is important and necessary the evaluation of the oral bioavailability to achieve an efficient selection and refinement of the molecular structure. In this context, this study aims to develop in vitro assays through Caco-2 cells, and in silico approaches, using VolSurf molecular descriptors, in order to analyze the permeability of 5-nitro-heterocyclic compounds analogues to nifuroxazide with antimicrobial activity, especially showing promising activity against multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. The MTT (bromide 3-(4,5-dimethyltiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium) method was employed to perform the cytotoxicity evaluation. Caco-2 cell monolayers cultivated for 21 days in Transwel® plates were used for the in vitro permeability assays. The quantification of the permeated fractions was done by High Performance Liquid Chromatography with UV detection (HPLC-UV), with validated methods according to the Resolution 899/03. In silico studies were performed through exploratory analysis by consensus principal component analysis (CPCA) and regression analysis by partial least squares (PLS). Caco-2 cells showed suitable cell viability for the permeability studies against all nifuroxazide analogues except the MeTIO (5-nitro-2-thiophilydene 4-methylbenzidrazide). The nifuroxazide...


Subject(s)
In Vitro Techniques , Permeability , Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus , Biopharmaceutics , Chemistry, Pharmaceutical , Drug Design , Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship
2.
Rev. bras. farmacogn ; 21(1): 170-180, jan.-fev. 2011. ilus, graf, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-580355

ABSTRACT

Aldose Reductase (AR) is the polyol pathway key enzyme which converts glucose to sorbitol. High glucose availability in insulin resistant tissues in diabetes leads into an accumulation of sorbitol, which has been associated with typical chronic complications of this disease, such as neuropathy, nephropathy and retinopathy. In this study, 71 flavonoids AR inhibitors were subjected to two methods of SAR to verify crucial substituents. The first method used the PCA (Principal Component Analysis) to elucidate physical and chemical characteristics in the molecules that would be essential for the activity, employing VolSurf descriptors. The rate obtained explained 53 percent of the system total variance and revealed that a hydrophobic-hydrophilic balance in the molecules is required, since very polar or nonpolar substituents decrease the activity. Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) was also employed to determine key substituents by evaluating substitution patterns, using NMR data. This study had a high success rate (85 percent accuracy in the training set and 88 percent accuracy in the test set) and showed polihydroxilations are essential for high activity and methoxylations and glicosilations primarily at positions C7, C3' and C4' decrease the activity.

3.
RBCF, Rev. bras. ciênc. farm. (Impr.) ; 43(2): 281-294, abr.-jun. 2007. ilus, graf, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-460189

ABSTRACT

Campos moleculares extraídos de aplicativos utilizados em estudos de QSAR-3D apresentam, em geral, grande número de informações, muitas vezes irrelevantes na expressão da atividade biológica. O programa Volsurf converte as informações presentes em mapas de energia de interação tridimensionais em número reduzido de descritores bidimensionais que se caracterizam como de fácil entendimento e interpretação. Assim, foram avaliados, neste estudo, dezoito derivados 5-nitro-2-tiofilidênicos com atividade antimicrobiana frente a Staphylococcus aureus multi-resistente, correlacionando as características tridimensionais destes ligantes com a referida atividade. Para o desenho e conversão tridimensional dos ligantes foram utilizados os aplicativos Sybyl (Tripos Inc) e CORINA (Molecular Networks GmbH Computerchemie), respectivamente. Os campos de interação molecular foram calculados no programa GRID (Molecular Discovery Ltd). A aplicação do programa Volsurf (Molecular Discovery Ltd) resultou em modelo estatisticamente robusto (r² = 0,93, q² = 0,87) com 48 descritores estruturais, mostrando ser a hidrofobicidade propriedade fundamental no condicionamento da atividade antimicrobiana.


Studies in three-dimensional molecular fields generally contain a large amount of data, some of which are redundant or not relevant. The program Volsurf, a quite fast method, is able to compress the relevant information present in 3D molecular structures into a few easy bidimensional descriptors. This study correlates the antimicrobial activity of eighteen 5-nitro-2-thiophylidene derivatives against multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus with three-dimensional molecular fields of these ligands. For molecular structures sketching and 3D conversion, Sybyl and CORINA programs were used, respectively. The GRID force field was applied to generate the 3D interaction energies. The Volsurf characterization results on significant statistic model with 48 descriptors (r² = 0,93, q²= 0,87), observing a significant influence of hydrophobic properties on antimicrobial activity performance.


Subject(s)
Drug Resistance, Microbial , Staphylococcus aureus , Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship
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