ABSTRACT
Objective@#To evaluate the bone repair effect of 3D-printed magnesium (Mg)-loaded polycaprolactone (PCL) scaffolds in a rat skull defect model.@*Methods@#PCL scaffolds mixed with Mg microparticles were prepared by using 3D printing technology, as were pure PCL scaffolds. The surface morphologies of the two scaffolds were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the surface elemental composition was analyzed via energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The physical properties of the scaffolds were characterized through contact angle measurements and an electronic universal testing machine. This study has been reviewed and approved by the Ethics Committee. A critical size defect model was established in the skull of 15 Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats, which were divided into the PCL group, PCL-Mg group, and untreated group, with 5 rats in each group. Micro-CT scanning was performed to detect and analyze skull defect healing at 4 and 8 weeks after surgery, and samples from the skull defect area and major organs of the rats were obtained for histological staining at 8 weeks after surgery.@*Results@#The scaffolds had a pore size of (480 ± 25) μm, a fiber diameter of (300 ± 25) μm, and a porosity of approximately 66%. The PCL-Mg scaffolds contained 1.0 At% Mg, indicating successful incorporation of Mg microparticles. The contact angle of the PCL-Mg scaffolds was 68.97° ± 1.39°, indicating improved wettability compared to that of pure PCL scaffolds. Additionally, compared with that of pure PCL scaffolds, the compressive modulus of the PCL-Mg scaffolds was (57.37 ± 8.33) MPa, demonstrating enhanced strength. The PCL-Mg group exhibited the best bone formation behavior in the skull defect area compared with the control group and PCL group at 4 and 8 weeks after surgery. Moreover, quantitative parameters, such as bone volume (BV), bone volume/total volume (BV/TV), bone surface (BS), bone surface/total volume (BS/TV), trabecular thickness (Tb.Th), trabecular number (Tb.N) and bone mineral density (BMD), of skull defects were better than those in the other groups, indicating the best bone regeneration effect. H&E, Goldner, and VG staining revealed more mineralized new bone formation in the PCL-Mg group than in the other groups, and H&E staining of the major organs revealed good biosafety of the material.@*Conclusion@#PCL-Mg scaffolds can promote the repair of bone defects and have clinical potential as a new scaffold material for the repair of maxillofacial bone defects.
ABSTRACT
The objective was to investigate the effect of kinsenoside (Kin) treatments on macrophage polarity and evaluate the resulting protection of chondrocytes to attenuate osteoarthritis (OA) progression. RAW264.7 macrophages were polarized to M1/M2 subtypes then administered with different concentrations of Kin. The polarization transitions were evaluated with quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), confocal observation and flow cytometry analysis. The mechanism of Kin repolarizing M1 macrophages was evaluated by Western blot. Further, macrophage conditioned medium (CM) and IL-1 were administered to chondrocytes. Micro-CT scanning and histological observations were conducted on anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT) mice with or without Kin treatment. We found that Kin repolarized M1 macrophages to the M2 phenotype. Mechanistically, Kin inhibited the phosphorylation of IB, which further reduced the downstream phosphorylation of P65 in nuclear factor-B (NF-B) signaling. Moreover, Kin inhibited mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) signaling molecules p-JNK, p-ERK and p-P38. Additionally, Kin attenuated macrophage CM and IL-1-induced chondrocyte damage. , Kin reduced the infiltration of M1 macrophages, promoted M2 macrophages in the synovium, inhibited subchondral bone destruction and reduced articular cartilage damage induced by ACLT. All the results indicated that Kin is an effective therapeutic candidate for OA treatment.
ABSTRACT
O objetivo do presente estudo foi verificar o efeito da intensidade do exercício de força sobre a percepção de dor muscular de início tardio (DMIT). A fim de investigar a hipótese que a intensidade determina o nível de DMIT, foram selecionados 40 homens saudáveis, iniciantes no treinamento de força, que, posteriormente, foram submetidos a duas sessões de treinamento realizadas com intensidades distintas (50%-1RM (n=20) e 75%-1RM (n=20)). A DMIT foi analisada por meio da escala analógica visual, 24, 48 e 72h após cada sessão de treinamento. A DMIT apresentou aumento significante em ambas as sessões (50%-1RM e 75%-1RM) (p<0,05), atingindo o pico em 48h (p<0,05). Entretanto, a DMIT não apresentou diferença entre as sessões (50%-1RM vs. 75%-1RM) (p>0,05). Os resultados desse estudo sugerem que a intensidade não parece ser um fator determinante para a magnitude da DMIT, quando o volume total de carga levantada na sessão de treinamento é equalizado.
The aim of the study was to assess the effect of resistance exercise intensity on the perceived DOMS. In order to investigate the hypothesis that the intensity determines the magnitude of DOMS, 40 healthy, untrained men were subjected to two bouts of resistance exercise performed at different intensities (50%-1RM (n=20) and 75%-1RM (n=20)). DOMS was assessed using visual analogue scale, 24, 48 and 72 hours after each training bout. DOMS increased after both exercise bouts (50%-1RM and 75%-1RM) (p<0.05), peaking at 48 hours (p<0.05). However, DOMS did not differ between exercise sessions (50%-1RM and 75%-1RM) (p>0.05). The results suggested that the intensity does not seem to influence the magnitude of DOMS when the total volume of load lifted during the exercise bout is equalized.
ABSTRACT
A ordem dos exercícios refere-se à sequência de execução durante uma sessão de treinamento. Evidências demonstram que essa ordem pode afetar o número de repetições realizadas nos exercícios. A percepção subjetiva de esforço (PSE), assim como o número de repetições realizadas, depende da sobrecarga utilizada. Assim, alterações no número de repetições podem afetar a PSE. O volume total de trabalho (VTT) influencia nas adaptações crônicas ao treinamento e também pode ser afetado pela ordem dos exercícios. O objetivo foi verificar o efeito da ordem dos exercícios para membros inferiores no número de repetições realizadas, na PSE e no VTT. Doze homens treinados (19,3 ± 2,1 anos, 71,1 ± 9,8 kg, 172,4 ± 6,1 cm, 23,3 ± 11,5 meses/treino) realizaram duas sessões com os exercícios "leg-press" (L), mesa flexora (F) e cadeira extensora (E) em diferentes ordens (LFE ou EFL). Foram utilizados testes t de "Student" pareados com ajuste de Bonferroni para comparações múltiplas. O número de repetições em L e E diminuiu quando realizados no final da sessão. As repetições realizadas em F diminuíram na LFE. A PSE de E foi maior quando realizada no final da sessão, porém de L e de F não foram afetadas pelas diferentes ordens. O volume de trabalho total de LFE foi maior. Em conclusão, a ordem dos exercícios envolvendo membros inferiores afeta o número de repetições e a PSE de um exercício além do VTT, ressaltando a importância da ordem dos exercícios como uma importante variável na prescrição do treinamento.
The order of exercises refers to the sequence during a training bout. Some evidence shows that the number of repetitions may be affected by the order of exercises. Both the number of repetitions and the rate of perceived effort (PSE) are influenced by exercise load. Thus, changes in the number of repetitions may affect PSE. Additionally, total work volume influences long term training adaptations and can be affected by the order of exercises. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of order of lower limb exercises on the number of repetitions, RPE and total work volume. Twelve resistance trained male (19.3 ± 2.1 years, 71.1 ± 9.8 kg, 172.4 ± 6.1 cm, 23.3 ± 11.5 months of training) performed leg-press (L), leg extension (E) and leg curl (F) exercises, in different orders (LFE or EFL). Number of repetitions, PSE and total work volume were compared by paired t-test with Bonferroni adjustment. Number of repetitions on both L and E decreased when they were performed last in the bout. The number of repetitions on F also decreased, when F was preceded by L. PSE for E was greater when performed at the end of the bout. However, PSE after L and F were not affected by the order. Total work volume was greater in LFE. In conclusion, the order of lower limb exercises affects the number of repetitions, PSE and total work performed, supporting the importance of the order of exercises as an important variable in training prescription.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Young Adult , Exercise , Hypertrophy , Lower Extremity , Physical ExertionABSTRACT
Com a intensa mecanização das operações florestais, a compactação do solo, causada pelo tráfego, pode ser limitante para a obtenção de maiores produtividades.Objetivou-se, neste estudo, avaliar as alterações em algumas propriedades físicas e mecânicas dos seguintes Latossolos: a) Latossolo Vermelho-Amarelo devido a distintas intensidades de tráfego e carga de um Forwarder na Região de Santa Maria de Itabira, MG; b) Latossolo Amarelo e um Latossolo Vermelho devido à distintas intensidades de tráfego de um Forwarder sobre diferentes condições de disposição de resíduos nas Regiões de Belo Oriente e São João Evangelista, MG. Na Região de Santa Maria de Itabira, foram coletadas, nas profundidades de 0-3 e 10-13 cm, 10 amostras indeformadas onde não houve tráfego e na linha de tráfego o Forwarder percorreu 2, 4 e 8 vezes e no local esse passou 4 vezes com 1/3, 2/3 e 3/3 de sua carga. Nas Regiões de Belo Oriente e São João Evangelista, foram coletadas 20 amostras indeformadas na linha de tráfego e o Forwarder trafegou 2 e 8 vezes, em quatro condições de disposição de resíduos. As amostras indeformadas foram utilizadas nos ensaios de compressão uniaxial. Determinaram-se também as características físicas e químicas dos solos. Todas as intensidades tráfego e carga do Forwarder na Região de Santa Maria de Itabira causaram compactação no solo, principalmente na profundidade de 10-13 cm. Nas Regiões de Belo Oriente e São João Evangelista, o número de passadas do Forwarder igual a 8 foi a que causou maior compactação do solo, sendo essa minimizada nas condições de resíduos galhada mais casca e galhada.
With the intense mechanization of forest operations, soil compaction, caused by the traffic, may limit high productivities. The objective of this study was to evaluate the alterations in the physical and mechanical properties of the following Latosol: a) Red-Yellow Latosol due to different traffic intensities and load of a Forwarder in the Santa Maria de Itabira region - MG; b) Yellow Latosol and a Red Latosol due to different traffic intensities of a Forwarder on different residue disposition in the Belo Oriente and São João Evangelista regions, MG. In the Santa Maria de Itabira region, it were collected at 0-3 and 10-13 cm depths, 10 undisturbed soil samples with no traffic and where the Forwarder trafficked 2, 4 and 8 times and in the place where the Forwarder trafficked 4 times with 1/3, 2/3 and 3/3 of its load. In the Belo Oriente and São João Evangelista regions, 20 undisturbed soils samples were collected in the traffic line where the Forwarder trafficked 2 and 8 times, in four conditions of residue disposition. The undisturbed soil samples were used in the uniaxial compression. It was also determined, physical and chermical characteristics of the soils. All the traffic intensities and load of the Forwarder in the Santa Maria de Itabira region caused soil compaction mainly at 10-13 cm depth. I the Belo Oriente and São João Evangelista regions, the number of passes of the Forwarder equal to 8 caused greater compaction of the soil, being minimized, in the residue conditions of Brushwood plus Bark and Brushwood.
ABSTRACT
O trabalho foi realizado em propriedades rurais, localizadas nas sub-bacias hidrográficas dos Ribeirões Santa Cruz e Água Limpa, as quais pertencem à bacia do Rio Grande, Lavras, MG, com o objetivo de avaliar e relacionar os atributos físicos do solo com a produtividade das pastagens. Não houve diferenças significativas entre os valores de densidade do solo, porosidade total, micro e macroporosidade nos solos sob os diferentes tipos de pastagens, assim como entre as diferentes profundidades coletadas. O pisoteio animal nestas pastagens, na lotação observada e em sistema de pastejo contínuo, não levou, na camada de 0-10 cm, à obtenção de maiores valores para densidade do solo em relação a subsuperfície. Pela correlação canônica, verificou-se que as produtividades das pastagens mostram associação na sua sensibilidade relacionada aos atributos físicos do solo avaliados.
The work was performed in agricultural properties, located on the hydrographic sub-basins of Santa Cruz and Água Limpa streams, belonging to the Rio Grande basin, Lavras, MG, with the aim of evaluating and relating soil physical attributes with pastures productivity. No differences were observed among bulk density, total porosity, micro and macro-porosity values in soils under different pastures, as well as under different soil samples depths. The animal trampling on these pastures, considering the amount of animals observed in the area and the continuous system of pasture management, did not translate to higher values of bulk density, at 0-10cm depth, and at the subsurface. Through canonical correlation one verified that pastures productivity showed association in its sensibility related to soils physical attributes.