The Effects of Welfare Center's Cognitive Improvement Program on the Community Elderly Provided by Nursing Student Volunteers and Social Welfare / 의료커뮤니케이션

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to investigate effects of welfare center's cognitive improvement program on the community elderly provided by nursing student volunteers and social welfare.METHODS: A quasi-experimental with non-equivalent control group pretest-posttest design was implemented. The participants were the community elderly with or without mild cognitive impairments (experimental group: 17, control group: 15). The experimental group participated in the cognitive improvement program for four months based on the demonstration program of the special grade of dementia in long-term care insurance for the elderly.RESULTS: After the intervention, the satisfaction with perceived social support (F=9.30, p=.005) was improved statistically between the experimental group and the control group, but there was no significant difference in MMSE-K, IADL, depression, EQ-VAS, and EQ-5D variables.CONCLUSION: These results indicated that a multidisciplinary approach or a variety of manpower is needed, in order to prevent the dementia of the elderly. However, in order to provide a systematic cognitive-based intervention, it was once again recognized that the training of relevant experts and the quality planning on them were very important.

Effectiveness of the medical student’s volunteer teaching in the training of the cardiopulmonary resuscitation among middle school students / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To explore the effect of voluntary teaching for medical students on cardio-pulmonary resuscitation training for middle school students,and to provide a reference for education of first aid among primary and middle school students.@*Methods@#A total of 196 students from four classes in the first grade of a middle school were selected by convenient sampling method and divided into experimental group and control group according to the class. After the two groups of students were trained in unified theory, the students in the control group were trained by the medical staff in the hospital, and the students in the experimental group were trained by the volunteers of the medical students who had been strictly trained and assessed. After the training was finished, questionnaires were sent out to investigate the effect of training.@*Results@#Before the training, there was no significant difference in the theoretical scores between the two groups (t=1.18，P=0.24). After training, the theoretical and skill scores of the experimental group were(11.43±1.53)(5.68±1.80), that of the control group were(11.35±1.77)(5.30±1.76), and there was no significant difference between the experimental group and the control group(t=0.34，1.48，P>0.05).@*Conclusion@#The application of voluntary teaching in the training of middle school students’ cardiopulmonary resuscitation can improve the popularization rate of cardiopulmonary resuscitation, save medical resources effectively, and improve the practical ability of medical students.

MRI Study of Strain Feature of Left Ventricular Long-axis Myocardium in Normal Young Adults / 中国医学影像学杂志

Purpose To measure the longitudinal and transverse strain and displacement parameters of each segment of long axis myocardium on cardiac MRI film images of normal young volunteers using feature tracking technique (FT), and to analyze the regularity of left ventricular long axis strain and establish peak and time to peak (TTP) reference range concerning the longitudinal and transverse strain and displacement. Materials and Methods Cardiac film images of 29 healthy volunteers aged 24 to 34 were collected using Philips Multiva 1.5T MRI scanner, including three typical long axis planes of the left ventricular long axis, left ventricular outflow tract, and four-chamber view. The MRI film images were analyzed drawing on myocardial feature tracking software TOMTEC, and the peak value and TTP of longitudinal and transverse strain and displacement of the 16 AHA segments excluding apex cordis were obtained thereby. The regularity of each parameter concerning the plane, layer, and segment was summarized and analyzed. Results The TTP of longitudinal strain, longitudinal displacement and transverse strain were consistent among each myocardial segment, which was a constant indicator in (41.24±12.51) ％ RR interphase. The peak value of longitudinal displacement was represented by apex cordis (2.56±0.89) mm < middle (6.09±2.03) mm < cardiac base (8.07±2.05) mm, and the peak value of transverse displacement was manifested as apex cordis (4.57±1.18) mm < middle (5.65±0.84) mm < cardiac base (8.48 ±1.18) mm, which was consistent with cardiac geometric deformation visually observed. The longitudinal strain showed consistency on 2CH-3CH-4CH plane, whose peak reference value was (-22.46±13.19)％; while the peak value of transverse strain displayed no consistency on different planes. Conclusion The longitudinal strain of the left ventricular on different planes has consistent peak value and TTP, suggesting good reference value.

Gender Differences in Healthy Volunteers Stimulated by Emotional Pictures Through Functional MRI / 中国医学影像学杂志

Purpose The study aimed to explore gender differences of brain activation in healthy volunteers under the stimulation of emotional pictures.Materials and Methods The cerebral functional imaging data of twenty healthy volunteers at Henan Medical College from Nov.2014 to Dec.2014 were prospectively studied (12 males and 8 females).Emotional pictures (30 positive,30 negative and 30 neutral pictures) from Chinese Affective Picture System (CAPS) were used randomly as visual stimuli for both males and females.Functional MRI was performed while each subject was stimulated by emotional pictures.The fMRI data were processed and the statistical analysis was performed to obtain the activated brain regions of males and females and to compare the gender differences.Results Under the stimuli of negative emotional pictures,bilateral temporal lobe,bilateral cuneus in men and bilateral cuneus in women were activated under the stimuli of positive emotional pictures (P＜0.05).Compared with men,increased activation of left amygdala,bilateral prefrontal gyrus,bilateral precuneus and right insula were observed in women under the stimuli of negative pictures.The differences were statistically significant (P＜0.05).Compared with women,no cerebral region was more activated in men under the stimuli of negative pictures.Under the stimuli of positive emotional pictures,the left prefrontal gyrus in women was more activated than that in men whilst the left temporal lobe in men was more activated than that in women.The differences were statistically significant (P＜0.05).Conclusion Gender differences of activated cerebral regions under stimuli of emotional pictures do exist in healthy volunteers.In particular,more cerebral regions and increased activation were observed in women compare to men,which demonstrates that women response stronger to negative emotion.

Bienestar psicológico: adultos mayores activos a través del voluntariado / Psychological well-being: active elderly through volunteering

Objetivo: Comparar el nivel de bienestar psicológico de adultos mayores voluntarios del programa "Asesores Seniors" del Servicio Nacional del Adulto Mayor, Región del Bío-Bío, Chile, y adultos mayores no voluntarios, usuarios de un Centro de Salud Familiar de la misma región. Material y método: Corresponde a un estudio descriptivo - comparativo. La población del estudio corresponde a 60 adultos mayores, 30 voluntarios en un programa gubernamental y 30 no voluntarios usuarios de un Centro de Salud Familiar. Los datos fueron analizados con el programa estadístico SAS 9.1. Se realizó análisis univariado y bivariado. Resultados: Los adultos mayores voluntarios presentaron un mayor nivel de bienestar psicológico en comparación con los adultos mayores no voluntarios, siendo esta diferencia significativa (p<0.0001). Conclusión: Los resultados del estudio permiten concluir que el vivir una vejez activa, específicamente participando de un voluntariado, otorga a los adultos mayores un mayor grado de bienestar psicológico...

Objective to establish the degree of psychological well-being in elderly volunteers of the "Senior Advisors" Program from the Bío-Bío National Senior Service and non volunteers, users of the San Pedro Family Health Center belonging to San Pedro de la Paz City Hall, Chile. Method: It is a descriptive, correlational and comparative study. Sample consisted of 60 seniors, 30 volunteers and 30 non-volunteers. SAS 9.1 statistical software was used for data analysis, performing univariate and bivariate analysis. Results: Elderly volunteers had a higher level of psychological well-being compared to non-volunteers, showing a significant diference (p <0.0001). Conclusion: Results showed a high degree of psychological well-being in the group of elderly volunteers compared with non-volunteers...

O Lazer Sério de Robert A. Stebbins / O Serious Leisure de Robert A. Stebbins

O presente artigo visa apresentar o serious leisure, do sociólogo Robert A. Stebbins. Trata-se de uma proposição teórica sobre uma forma de lazer que, aliada a outras duas formas ? casual leisure e project-based leisure ?, constituem uma perspectiva teórica mais ampla. Apresentamos uma síntese de cada uma dessas três formas e acrescentamos um levantamento inicial que fizemos sobre os estudos brasileiros que se utilizaram dessa teoria em suas análises sobre atividades de lazer. O objetivo é oferecer dados iniciais para interessados em desenvolver estudos sobre o serious leisure ou mesmo sobre as outras duas formas de lazer. Também visamos acrescentar elementos que podem ser úteis às discussões sobre atividades que poucas vezes são enfocadas através de teorias classicamente utilizadas no Brasil. Por fim, tecemos nossas considerações sobre a relativa ausência de uma perspectiva sobre o lazer, a do serious leisure que entendemos como merecedora de atenção, compreensão e análise, visando incrementar amplamente o desenvolvimento e os debates sobre os estudos do lazer no Brasil.

This article presents the serious leisure, from Robert A. Stebbins. It is a theoretical proposition about a form of leisure that together with other two ways - casual and leisure project-based leisure - constitutes a broader theoretical perspective. We present a summary of each of these three forms and add an initial survey we did on Brazilian studies that used this theory in his analysis of leisure activities. Our goal is to provide baseline data for those interested in developing studies on the serious leisure or even on the other two forms of recreation. We also aim to add elements that may be useful to discussions of activities that are seldom focused through theories classically used in Brazil. Finally, we weave our considerations about the relative absence of aleisure perspective on what we understand as worthy of attention, comprehension and analysis, largely aimed at increasing the development and debates about leisure studies in Brazil.

Epidemiological Investigation of an Outbreak of Hepatitis A at a Residential Facility for the Disabled, 2011 / 예방의학회지

OBJECTIVES: An outbreak of hepatitis A occurred at a residential facility for the disabled in July 10, 2011. This investigation was carried out to develop a response plan, and to find the infection source of the disease. METHODS: A field epidemiologist investigated the symptoms, vaccination histories, living environments, and probable infection sources with 51 residents and 31 teachers and staff members. In July 25, 81 subjects were tested for the hepatitis A virus antibody, and specimens of the initial 3 cases and the last case were genetically tested. RESULTS: Three cases occurred July 10 to 14, twelve cases August 3 to 9, and the last case on August 29. Among the teachers and staff, no one was IgM positive (on July 25). The base sequences of the initial 3 and of the last case were identical. The vehicle of the outbreak was believed to be a single person. The initial 3 patients were exposed at the same time and they might have disseminated the infection among the patients who developed symptoms in early August, and the last patient might have, in turn, been infected by the early August cases. CONCLUSIONS: The initial source of infection is not clear, but volunteers could freely come into contact with residents, and an infected volunteer might have been the common infection source of the initial patients. Volunteers' washing their hands only after their activity might be the cause of this outbreak. Although there may be other possible causes, it would be reasonable to ask volunteers to wash their hands both before and after their activities.

O tempo livre dos voluntários da pastoral da criança no bairro Hermans Moraes de Barros, em Maringá/PR: relações entre trabalho e lazer / Free time volunteers of the pastoral of child in the Neighborhood of Hermans Moraes de Barros, in Maringá /PR: relationship between work and leisure

Nesse estudo buscamos analisar o tempo livre dos indivíduos que realizam trabalho voluntário na Pastoral da Criança em um bairro da cidade de Maringá-PR. Para a realização deste estudo, tivemos como pressuposto teórico-metodológico o materialismo histórico, fundamentado por Karl Marx e Friedrich Engels. O contato com os indivíduos foi realizado por meio de entrevista semiestruturada. Após as análises, concluímos que há um sentido de obrigação e responsabilidade para com as atividades da Pastoral da Criança, apesar de os indivíduos caracterizarem essa ocupação como uma atividade prazerosa. Também foi possível identificar nos sujeitos analisados a conformação social e falta de conhecimento sobre a organicidade do capital perante a situação que encontram no trabalho voluntário.

In this study we analyze the free time of the individuals who perform volunteer work in the Pastoral in a neighborhood of the city of Maringá-PR. For this study, we assumed theoretical-methodological as historical materialism, founded by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. Contact with individuals was conducted through semistructured interviews. After analysis, we conclude that there is a sense of obligation and responsibility to the activities of the Pastoral, although individuals characterize this occupation as a pleasurable activity. It was also possible to identify the subjects analyzed the social conformation and lack of knowledge about the organic capital before the situation they find in volunteer work.

Sentidos das ações voluntárias: desafios e limites para a organização do trabalho / Meanings of voluntary actions: challenges and limits to work organization

O trabalho voluntário representa uma das bases de sustentabilidade das Organizações Não-Governamentais, principalmente para a manutenção e continuidade dos projetos institucionais. Em contrapartida, vem sendo considerado fator de degradação do trabalhador que está excluído do mercado. Partindo de uma experiência de implantação de rotinas para acolhimento e integração de voluntários em uma ONG/AIDS, este estudo teve por objetivo a caracterização dos voluntários e a compreensão da diversidade de sentidos presentes nas ações voluntárias, visando subsidiar a avaliação e planejamento das ações de organização do trabalho adotadas pela instituição. A análise temática de conteúdo das entrevistas, realizadas com 20 candidatos ao trabalho voluntário, permitiu a caracterização do perfil, das suas concepções e expectativas. Em síntese, o trabalho voluntário pareceu representar um recurso de qualificação para a inserção no mercado de trabalho e elemento importante para formação da identidade social e socialização do conhecimento em HIV/AIDS.

Voluntary work represents one of the foundations for NGO sustainability mainly for the maintenance and continuity of institutional projects. On the other hand, voluntary work has masked unemployment problems being considered a degradation factor in the labor market. In order to support the planning and evaluation for the work organization actions adopted by the institution, this study aims to understand the diversity of meanings presented in voluntary actions based on the implementation experience of receptiveness and volunteer's integration routines in an AIDS/NGO. Content analyses of interviews with 20 volunteer work candidates were carried out. Through this analysis, it was possible to characterize the worker´s profile as well as their conceptions and expectancies. In summary, volunteer work seemed to represent a resource to qualify for inclusion in the labor market and an important element of social identity formation and socialization of knowledge on HIV/AIDS.

Effects of a Volunteer-Run Peer Support Program on Health and Satisfaction with Social Support of Older Adults Living Alone

PURPOSE: The purpose of the study was to evaluate effectiveness of a peer support program conducted by older community volunteers for older adults living alone. METHODS: Thirty volunteers trained as peer supporters were matched with low-income, older adults living alone in the community on gender. Visits occurred on a weekly basis over the 12 month study period, and the volunteers provided peer support for health management to solitary older adults. Data were collected, before the start of the program and again 6 and 12 months after its initialization, from intervention and control groups regarding physical health, general health, mental health, depression, social functioning, and satisfaction with social support. Repeated measures ANOVA was used to analyze data. RESULTS: By the end of the program, socially isolated older adults in the intervention group had significantly higher scores in physical health and general health than elders in the control group. Significant interaction effects between time and group were found for depression, social functioning, and satisfaction with social support. CONCLUSION: The peer support program undertaken by older community volunteers was effective in improving physical health, general health, depression, social functioning, and satisfaction with social support in socially isolated, low-income, older adults.

Qualidade de vida e trabalho voluntário em idosos / Quality of life and voluntary work among the elderly / Calidad de vida y trabajo voluntario en ancianos

Estudo transversal, comparativo que objetiva avaliar a qualidade de vida de idosos que realizam trabalho voluntário, comparando a idosos que não o realizam. Aplicou-se o questionário de Qualidade de Vida da Organização Mundial de Saúde a um grupo de 166 idosos que realizavam trabalho voluntário e a outros 33 que não realizavam. Os resultados revelam a predominância de mulheres, sem companheiro e com alta escolaridade. Quando comparados os escores de qualidade de vida entre os grupos, não houve diferença estatística nos domínios físico e meio ambiente (p>0,05). Nos domínios psicológico, relações sociais e na avaliação global, os idosos voluntários apresentaram escores superiores (p<0,05). No modelo de regressão linear, realizar trabalho voluntário mostrou-se como determinante para melhor qualidade de vida no domínio psicológico e na avaliação global. Sugere-se o trabalho voluntário como mecanismo de promoção da qualidade de vida em idosos, e que pode ser estimulado pelos profissionais de saúde.

This cross-sectional, comparative study was performed with the objective to evaluate the quality of life of elderly individuals who perform volunteer work, compared to those who do not. The WHO Quality of Life questionnaire was applies in a group of 166 elderly individuals who performed volunteer work and to another 33 who did not. Results show most are women, single and with high-level education. Compared to No statistically significant difference was found between the groups for the quality of life scores in the physical and environmental domains (p>0.05). In the psychological and social relations domains, and in the global evaluation, it was observed that volunteers had higher scores (p<0.05). In the linear regression model, performing volunteer work appeared as a determinant for better quality of life in the psychological domain and global evaluation. It is suggested that volunteer work is a mechanism to promote quality of life among the elderly, and can be encouraged by health professionals.

Estudio transversal, comparativo, que objetiva evaluar calidad de vida de ancianos que realizan trabajo voluntario, comparándolos con ancianos que no lo realizan. Se aplicó cuestionario de Calidad de Vida de la OMS a grupo de 166 ancianos que realizaban trabajo voluntario y a 33 que no lo realizaban. Los resultados revelan la predominancia de mujeres, sin compañero y con alta escolaridad. En la comparación de puntajes de calidad de vida entre grupos, no hubo diferencia estadística en los dominios físico y medio ambiente (p>0,05). En los dominios psicológico, relaciones sociales y en evaluación global, los ancianos voluntarios presentaron puntajes superiores (p<0,05). En modelo de regresión linear, realizar trabajo voluntario se mostró como determinante para mejorar la calidad de vida en el dominio psicológico y en evaluación global. Se sugiere trabajo voluntario como mecanismo promotor de calidad de vida en ancianos, esto puede ser estimulado por profesionales de salud.

Factors Affecting Subjective Quality of Life of Hospice Volunteers / 한국호스피스완화의료학회지

PURPOSE: This study tested a model of hospice volunteer's motivations and outcomes to encourage more volunteer workers to participate in hospice care. METHODS: This included 200 volunteers who attended the Autumn Conference in 2007 and 132 volunteers from five hospice organizations. RESULTS: Volunteers' existential well-being affected an endogenous variable of volunteers' participation in volunteer activities. The durability of volunteer activity was affected by value motivation, the level of participation in volunteer activities and the level of job satisfaction. For volunteers' job satisfaction level, valid endogenous variables included existential well-being, social motivation, understanding motivation and value motivation. The durability of volunteer activities was indirectly affected through three different paths. Volunteers' existential well-being determined the level of their participation in volunteer activities, which in turn affected the durability of such activities. Social motivation influenced volunteers' job satisfaction, and then the durability of volunteer activities. Volunteers' understanding of motivation also influenced their job satisfaction, and then the durability of volunteer activities. CONCLUSION: Based on these results, this study proposes that the durability of volunteers activities could be improved by developing a program to improve volunteers' well-being and by providing volunteers with education on altruistic values, encouraging them to seek intellectual growth, and advocating them to continue volunteer activities based on close relationships with other volunteers.

Humanização e voluntariado: estudo qualitativo em hospitais públicos / Humanization and volunteering: a qualitative study in public hospitals

OBJETIVO: Analisar o perfil de voluntários e seu processo de trabalho em humanização hospitalar. PROCEDIMENTOS METODOLÓGICOS: Foram utilizados como instrumentos questionário sociodemográfico e entrevista semi-estruturada, aplicados a 26 coordenadores de voluntariado e 26 voluntários, pertencentes a 25 hospitais da Região Metropolitana de São Paulo, entre 2008 e 2009. As entrevistas foram analisadas segundo os princípios da análise temática. ANÁLISE DOS RESULTADOS: Cinco temas principais foram formulados: perfil do voluntário (idade, sexo, faixa de renda); organização do trabalho voluntário (termo de compromisso, treinamento); relações voluntariado-hospital (relacionamento com a direção do hospital e com os funcionários); motivação (solidariedade, experiência anterior com doenças próprias ou de familiares, realização pessoal, resolução de conflitos) e beneficiários (individual, dual, coletivo); humanização e atividades dos voluntários (cuidados ao paciente, apoio logístico, apoio emocional, desenvolvimento de habilidades dos pacientes, recreação, organização de eventos comemorativos). CONCLUSÕES: Na atividade desenvolvida pelos voluntários há aspectos positivos (como a contribuição para a humanização hospitalar), bem como problemáticos (como a realização de atividades que são atribuições de funcionários). É necessária atenção à normatização das atividades voluntárias, especialmente no cuidado com os pacientes, bem como às ações de valorização do voluntariado nos hospitais e integração dos voluntários com os grupos de trabalho de humanização.

Trabalho voluntário, características demográficas, socioeconômicas e autopercepção da saúde de idosos de Porto Alegre / Voluntary work, demographic, social and economic features and health self-perception by elderly people from Porto Alegre (Brazil) / Trabajo voluntario, características demográficas, socioeconómicas y autopercepción de la salud de ancianos en Porto Alegre (Brasil)

Trata-se de um estudo transversal e comparativo, que objetivou descrever as características demográficas, socioeconômicas e de saúde de idosos que realizam trabalho voluntário em uma Organização Não Governamental de Porto Alegre, e investigar a influência do trabalho voluntário e suas características sobre a autopercepção da saúde desse grupo de idosos, comparando-o com um grupo pareado de idosos que não realizam trabalho voluntário. Verificou-se, por meio de entrevistas, que 87,4 por cento dos idosos voluntários eram mulheres, com ensino médio completo, renda própria e adeptos a práticas religiosas e de saúde. Quando comparados os dados dos grupos de idosos voluntários e não-voluntários, foi mais frequente o relato de autopercepção da saúde ótima nos voluntários (30,5 por cento versus 6,1 por cento, p=0,054). Pela análise multivariada, realizar trabalho voluntário e possuir um número menor de doenças influenciaram a autopercepção positiva da saúde (p<0,05). Os resultados fornecem subsídios para a hipótese de que o trabalho voluntário atue como um mecanismo de promoção da saúde desses idosos.

The objective of this cross-sectional, comparative study was to describe the demographic, socioeconomic and health characteristics of elderly voluntary workers of a Non-governmental organization of Porto Alegre, and investigate the influence of voluntary work and the referred characteristics on the subjects' self-perception of health, compared to a paired group of elderly individuals who did not perform any voluntary work. Through interviews it was found that 87.4 percent of the elderly voluntary workers were women, with complete secondary education, had their own income and followed a religion and a healthy lifestyle. The comparison of data from both groups showed that self-perception of great health was more common among voluntary workers (30.5 percent compared to 6.1 percent, p=0.054). Multivariate analysis revealed that performing voluntary work and having fewer diseases influenced the individuals' having a positive self-perception of their health (p<0.05). Study results support the hypothesis that voluntary work may be a mechanism of health promotion among the elderly.

Se trata de un estudio transversal, comparativo, que apuntó a describir las características demográficas, socioeconómicas y de salud de ancianos que realizan trabajo voluntario en una Organización No Gubernamental de Porto Alegre (Brasil), e investigar la influencia del trabajo voluntario de tales características en la autopercepción de la salud de ese grupo de ancianos, comparándolo con un grupo testigo de ancianos que no realizan trabajo voluntario. Se verificó a través de entrevistas que el 87,4 por ciento de los ancianos voluntarios son mujeres, con enseñanza media completa, renta propia y adeptos a prácticas religiosas y de salud. Realizada la comparación de los datos obtenidos con los correspondientes al grupo testigo de no voluntarios, fue más frecuente el relato de autopercepción de salud óptima en los voluntarios (30,5 por ciento vs 6,1 por ciento, p=0,054). De acuerdo al análisis multivariado, realizar trabajo voluntario y poseer un número menor de enfermedades influenciaron la autopercepción positiva de la salud (p<0,05). Los resultados respaldan la hipótesis de que el trabajo voluntario actúa como un mecanismo de promoción de la salud de tales ancianos.

Effects of Foot Massage and Supportive Communication by Hospice Volunteers on Depression, Anxiety, and Mood of Cancer Patients Who Undergo Intravenous Chemotherapy at Out-patient Department / 한국호스피스완화의료학회지

PURPOSE: This study was done to investigate effects of foot massage and supportive communication provided by hospice volunteers on depression, anxiety, and mood of cancer patients who are going under intravenous chemotherapy at out patient department (OPD). METHODS: A non-equivalent control group non-synchronized design was used. Sixty-four participants were recruited from out-patients setting in a university hospital by a convenient sampling. Two trained-hospice volunteers first provided regular hospice volunteer service to 34 patients in the control group. Subsequently, foot massage and supportive communication were provided to 30 participants in the experimental group. After the intervention, all participants answered the structured questionnaire with visual analog scales on depression, anxiety, and mood including general characteristics. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, two sample t-test, and paired t-test by PASW 17. RESULTS: After the intervention, changes in negative moods, i.e. strain and powerlessness in the experimental group were significantly different from those in control group; strain and powerlessness in the experimental group were significantly decreased by foot massage and supportive communication provided by hospice volunteers. CONCLUSION: The current findings provide an empirical evidence of a brief and efficacious intervention for cancer patients. Further studies are warranted with larger sample size to validate the effectiveness of foot massage and supportive communication as a solid intervention for cancer patients who are undergoing intravenous chemotherapy at OPD.

Beneficiários do trabalho voluntário: uma leitura a partir da bioética / Beneficiarios del trabajo voluntario: una lectura a partir de la bioética / Beneficiaries of volunteering: a bioethical perspective

OBJETIVO: Descrever a percepção dos voluntários sobre os beneficiários do trabalho voluntário no setor de saúde hospitalar e a influência que o tema dos benefícios exerce sobre as motivações. MÉTODOS: Estudo exploratório com abordagem qualitativa. Participaram 110 voluntários em serviços de saúde referências no tratamento de câncer no Rio de Janeiro (RJ), com coleta de dados de outubro a dezembro de 2001. Os dados foram obtidos por dois instrumentos: um questionário com perfil socioeconômico e sobre motivações para atividade voluntária; e entrevista semi-estruturada para obtenção de dados complementares. RESULTADOS: A visão dos voluntários sobre os beneficiários da atividade voluntária esteve centrada mais freqüentemente no paciente (50,5 por cento), no voluntário (41,9 por cento) e na instituição e sociedade (7,6 por cento). Paciente e voluntário foram considerados simultaneamente beneficiários, sendo o voluntário o que mais recebe benefícios. Foi relatada também uma compreensão do benefício social dessa atividade. CONCLUSÕES: Constatou-se que existe, entre os voluntários, uma noção da importância social do seu trabalho voluntário, faltando uma articulação maior entre motivações individuais e trabalho voluntário como espaço de enfrentamento de problemas sociais.

OBJECTIVE: To describe volunteers' perceptions of the beneficiaries of volunteering within the hospital setting and the influence that the theme of benefits exercises on their motivations. METHODS: This is an exploratory study with a qualitative approach. One hundred and ten volunteers working in health services that are references for the treatment of cancer in Rio de Janeiro (Southeastern Brazil) are the subjects of this study. Data was collected between October and December 2001. Data was obtained by two instruments - a questionnaire which identifies the socioeconomic profile and the motivations for undertaking voluntary activity; and a semi-structured interview that provided complementary information. RESULTS: According to the volunteers' perception, the beneficiaries of voluntary activity were, primarily, the patient, (50.5 percent); secondarily the volunteer him/herself (41.9 percent); and least of all, the institution and the society in which these benefits are obtained (7.6 percent). Both the patient and the volunteer were considered simultaneously beneficiaries, being that the volunteer tends to receive more benefits. A comprehension of the social benefits of this activity was also reported. CONCLUSIONS: A notion of the social importance of their volunteering was verified among the volunteers. However, the study indicates that a larger articulation is lacking between individual motivations and volunteer work as a setting within which social problems may be confronted.

OBJETIVO: Describir la percepción de los voluntarios sobre los beneficiarios del trabajo voluntario en el sector de salud hospitalaria y la influencia que el tema de los beneficios ejerce sobre las motivaciones. MÉTODOS: Se efectuó estudio exploratorio con abordaje cualitativo. Participaron 110 voluntarios en servicios de salud de referencia en el tratamiento de cáncer en la ciudad de Rio de Janeiro (Sureste de Brasil), con colecta de datos de octubre a diciembre de 2001. Los datos fueron obtenidos por dos instrumentos: un cuestionario con perfil socioeconómico y sobre motivaciones para actividad voluntaria; y entrevista semi-estructurada para la obtención de datos complementarios. RESULTADOS: La visión de los voluntarios sobre los beneficiarios de la actividad voluntaria estuvo centrada más frecuentemente en el paciente (50,5 por ciento), en el voluntario (41,9 por ciento) y en la institución y sociedad (7,6 por ciento). Paciente y voluntario fueron considerados simultáneamente beneficiarios, siendo el voluntario el que más recibe beneficios. Fue señalado también una comprensión del beneficio social de esa actividad. CONCLUSIONES: Se constató que existe, entre los voluntarios, una noción de la importancia social de su trabajo voluntario, faltando una articulación mayor entre motivaciones individuales y trabajo voluntario como espacio de enfrentamiento de problemas sociales.

Trabalho voluntário: uma alternativa para a promoção da saúde de idosos / Trabajo voluntario: una alternativa para la promoción de la salud de adultos mayores / Voluntary work: an alternative to promote health for the elderly

Trata-se de uma reflexão temática que objetiva apresentar o trabalho voluntário como uma alternativa para a promoção da saúde dos idosos brasileiros. Partindo da definição do trabalho voluntário, o artigo contextualiza tal atividade no cenário brasileiro, expondo-o, também, como um instrumento para o alcance de um envelhecimento ativo e saudável. Apresenta estudos internacionais com idosos que realizam voluntariado, os quais encontraram relação entre o trabalho voluntário e satisfação pela vida, menos sintomas depressivos e avaliação positiva da vida, quando comparados com idosos que não o realizam. Concluiu-se, reforçando a importância dos profissionais de saúde a estimularem e a facilitarem o acesso dos idosos à realização do trabalho voluntário, considerando esta atitude um desafio criativo e inovador para a promoção da saúde dos idosos.

This article is a thematic reflection. It aims at presenting volunteer work as an alternative for promoting health for elders in Brazil. Having as a starting point the definition of volunteer work, this study contextualizes this type of activity in Brazilian society, explaining it also as an instrument that makes possible for people to experience an active and healthy aging process. The text presents international studies with elders who volunteer and, as a result, have found a relationship between volunteering and satisfaction with their lives and have had less symptoms of depression and a more positive evaluation of life when compared to elderly who do not volunteer. The conclusion emphasizes the importance for health professionals to stimulate and facilitate the access of elders to volunteer work, considering this posture a creative and innovative challenge for the promotion of health for the elderly.

Este artículo trata de una reflexión temática que tiene como objetivo presentar el trabajo voluntario como una alternativa para la promoción de la salud de los adultos mayores brasileños. Partiendo de la definición del trabajo voluntario, el artículo contextualiza tal actividad en el escenario brasileño, exponiéndolo, también, como un instrumento para alcanzar un envejecimiento activo y saludable. Presenta estudios internacionales con adultos mayores que realizan voluntariado, los cuales encontraron relación entre el trabajo voluntario y satisfacción por la vida, menos síntomas depresivos y evaluación positiva de la vida, cuando fueron comparados con adultos mayores que no lo realizaban. Se concluye, reforzando la importancia de que los profesionales de la salud estimulen y faciliten el acceso de los adultos mayores a la realización del trabajo voluntario, considerando esta actitud un reto creativo e innovador para la promoción de la salud de los adultos mayores.

Organizações sociais e instituições governamentais: perspectivas de parceria na atenção à saúde da criança através dos voluntários e da pastoral da criança / Social organizations and governmental institutions: perspectives on partnerships in children's health care through volunteers and the pastoral da criança

Este estudo objetiva apresentar algumas perspectivas de parceria entre organizações sociais e instituições governamentais na atenção à saúde da criança.Trata-se de estudo reflexivo sobre participação social e as articulações entre serviços governamentais e não-governamentais na construção da consolidação do Sistema Único de Saúde, destacando o papel dos voluntários e dos profissionais de saúde nesse processo. Na assistência à infância, essas parcerias são potenciais, pela grande amplitude e destaque das organizações sociais dirigidas às crianças, particularmente a Pastoral da Criança, tornando importante o debate sobre políticas públicas que visem a estabelecer e a fortalecer esses vínculos no âmbito local e nacional.

The aim of this research is to present perspectives on partner-ships between social organizations and governmental institutions in children's health care. This study reflects on social participation and relations between governmental and non-governmental services in constructing the consolidation of the Sistema Único de Saúde (Unified Health System), highlighting the role of volunteers and health professionals in this process. In child care, these associations are potential, due to the wide range and prominence of social organizations oriented towards chil-dren, particularly the Pastoral da Criança (the Catholic Church's Child Pastoral), which makes it important to discuss public policies aimed at establishing and strengthening these links in the local and national spheres.

En este estudio se tuvo como objetivo presentar algunas perspectivas de trabajo conjunto entre organizaciones sociales e instituciones gubernamentales en la atención a la salud del niño. Se trata de un estudio reflexivo sobre participación social y las articulaciones entre servicios gubernamentales y no gubernamentales en la construcción de la consolidación del Sistema Único de Salud, destacando el papel de los voluntarios y de los profesionales de salud en ese proceso. En la asistencia a la infancia, esas asociaciones son potenciales, por la gran amplitud y destaque de las organizaciones sociales dirigidas a los niños, particularmente la Pastoral del Niño, tornando importante el debate sobre políticas públicas que visen establecer y fortalecer esos vínculos en el ámbito local y nacional.