ABSTRACT
RESUMEN El objetivo de esta investigación fue analizar las diferencias en el rendimiento académico de las instituciones educativas colombianas rurales que atendieron a estudiantes pertenecientes a minoras étnicas con respecto a las demás instituciones rurales. Mediante un modelo logístico ordinal, se estima la asociación entre las características de los colegios y del contexto con el desempeno bajo, medio, o alto en las pruebas estandarizadas Saber 11° de 2019. Se evidenció que siete de cada diez instituciones educativas con estudiantes de minor'as étnicas tuvieron un bajo desempeno. En contraste, cuatro de cada diez estudiantes tuvieron bajo desempeno en el resto de las instituciones educativas rurales. El bajo acceso a una adecuada infraestructura y a docentes calificados afectó significativamente el rendimiento académico de los estudiantes. Además, el menor logro educativo se asoció a la implementación de modelos educativos flexibles, ausencia de personal de apoyo administrativo y al reducido tarmano de las sedes educativas que atendieron a minorias étnicas. Por tanto, se recomienda priorizar mejoras en la infraestructura educativa, formación docente y en la gestión escolar, para disminuir las brechas en el logro educativo.
ABSTRACT This research aimed to analyze the differences in the academic performance of rural Colombian educational institutions that served students belonging to ethnic minorities concerning other rural institutions. Using an ordinal logistic model, the association between the characteristics of the schools and the context is estimated with low-, medium-, or high-performance in the 2019 Saber 11 standardized tests. Seven out of ten educational institutions with students of ethnic minorities had a low achievement. In contrast, four out of ten students had low performance in the rest of the rural educational institutions. Low access to adequate infrastructure and qualified teachers significantly affected students' academic performance. In addition, the lower educational achievement was associated with the implementation of flexible educational models, the absence of administrative support personnel, and the small size of the educational centers that served ethnic minorities. Therefore, it is recommended to prioritize improvements in educational infrastructure, teacher training, and school management to reduce educational achievement gaps.
RESUMO O objectivo desta investigação era analisar as diferenças no desempenho académico das instituições educativas rurais colombianas que servem estudantes de minorias étnicas em relação a outras instituições rurais. Utilizando um modelo ordinal logit, estimamos a associação entre as características da escola e do contexto com baixo, médio, ou alto desempenho nos testes padronizados de 20I9 Saber Descobriu que sete em cada dez escolas com alunos de minorias étnicas tiveram um mau desempenho. Em contraste, quatro em cada dez estudantes tiveram um desempenho deficiente nas restantes escolas rurais. O baixo acesso a infra-estruturas adequadas e a professores qualificados afectou significativamente o desempenho académico dos estudantes. Além disso, o menor aproveitamento escolar foi associado à implementação de modelos educativos flexíveis, à falta de pessoal de apoio administrativo e à pequena dimensão das escolas ao serviço das minorias étnicas. Por conseguinte, recomenda-se que se dê prioridade à melhoria das infraestruturas educativas, à formação de professores e à gestão escolar; a fim de reduzir as lacunas no desempenho escolar.
ABSTRACT
Resumen (analítico): En esta investigación nos trazamos como objetivo explorar la vulnerabilidad social en la población entre los 15 y 24 años de edad, en Medellín; para ello diseñamos un índice usando la técnica de análisis factorial con variables contenidas en la Encuesta de Calidad de Vida de la ciudad, en el año 2014. Encontramos que la población joven con alta vulnerabilidad, en su mayoría es población masculina, con educación básica, conformada por mestizos, indígenas o raizales que viven en estrato socioeconómico 2 (bajo). El estudio cuenta con limitaciones para inferir los resultados a toda la población joven de la ciudad de Medellín; sin embargo, aporta información útil para identificar las características de los individuos jóvenes altamente vulnerables. Palabra clave autores: construcción de índice.
Abstract (analytical): The research aimed to explore the social vulnerability in the population between 15 and 24 years old; an index was designed using a factorial analysis technique with variables included in the Quality of Life Survey of the Municipality of Medellín, in 2014. It was identified that young people with high vulnerability were a primarily male population with a basic education level, identified as mestizos, indigenous or from afro-descendent and raizal communities and living at a socioeconomic level 2 (low). The study has limitations in inferring the results to cover all young people in the city of Medellín; however, it does provide useful information to identify the characteristics of highly vulnerable young people. Authors key word: construction of index.
Resumo (analítico): O objetivo da pesquisa foi explorar a vulnerabilidade social na população numa faixa etária de15 a 24 anos, para isso foi desenhado um índice utilizando a técnica de análises fatorial com variáveis contidas no questionário de qualidade de vida da cidade de Medellín no ano 2014. Encontrou-se que a população jovem com alta vulnerabilidade foi principalmente a população masculina, com ensino fundamental, identificados como mestiços, indígenas ou nativos que viviam em nível socioeconómico 2 (baixo). O estudo tem as limitações para deduzir os resultados para toda a população jovem da cidade de Medellín, mesmo assim, fornece informação útil para identificar as características dos jovens com alta vulnerabilidade. Palavras-chave do autor: construção de índice.
Subject(s)
Quality of Life , Adolescent , Social VulnerabilityABSTRACT
@#BACKGROUND: Natural and man-made disasters, especially those occurring in large scales not only result in human mortality, but also cause physical, psychological, and social disabilities. Providing effective rehabilitation services in time can decrease the frequency of such disabilities. The aim of the current study was to perform a systematic review related to rehabilitation of vulnerable groups in emergencies and disasters. METHODS: The systematic review was conducted according to the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The key words "recovery", "rehabilitation", "reconstruction", "transformation", "transition", "emergency", "disaster", "crisis", "hazard", "catastrophe", "tragedy", "mass casualty incident", "women", "female", "children", "pediatric", "disable", "handicap", "elder", "old" and "vulnerable" were used in combination with Boolean operators OR and AND. ISI Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, Ovid, ProQuest, Wiley, Google Scholar were searched. RESULTS: In this study a total of 11928 articles were considered and 25 articles were selected for final review of rehabilitation of vulnerable groups based on the objective of this study. Twenty-five studies including six qualitative, sixteen cross-sectional and three randomized controlled trials were reviewed for rehabilitation of vulnerable groups in emergencies and disasters. Out of the selected papers, 23 were studied based on rehabilitation after natural disasters and the remaining were man-made disasters. Most types of rehabilitation were physical, social, psychological and economic. CONCLUSION: The review of the papers showed different programs of physical, physiological, economic and social rehabilitations for vulnerable groups after emergencies and disasters. It may help health field managers better implement standard rehabilitation activities for vulnerable groups.
ABSTRACT
It has been over 10 years since the health promotion policy is carried out by government and the level of health of Korean people has been dramatically improved. However, persistent increase in chronic diseases and the rapid aging require comprehensive health promotion policies for the establishment of cost effective health care system. Furthermore, the current global economic difficulties necessitate the implementation of appropriate health care system for underprivileged groups of people. In 2009, in an effort to effectively remedy these situations, the Ministry of Health, Welfare and Family Affairs implemented a new health promotion policy with focus on five strategic areas; reinforcement of health care support for the underprivileged groups; strengthening health promotion management including smoking and obesity prevention; preparation for the next generation's health by supporting pregnancy and childbirth; establishing the preventive system for chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease and asthma; governmental support for suicide and alcohol abuse prevention and improvement of mental health care service. From the socioeconomic perspective, the current health promotion policy in Korea contributes to raising national income level by producing job opportunities, through the revitalization of new service sector. It is expected that the introduction of Health Care Service will contribute more to this trend.
Subject(s)
Humans , Pregnancy , Aging , Alcoholism , Cardiovascular Diseases , Chronic Disease , Delivery of Health Care , Health Promotion , Health Status , Korea , Mental Health , Obesity , Reinforcement, Psychology , Smoke , Smoking , SuicideABSTRACT
It has been over 10 years since the health promotion policy is carried out by government and the level of health of Korean people has been dramatically improved. However, persistent increase in chronic diseases and the rapid aging require comprehensive health promotion policies for the establishment of cost effective health care system. Furthermore, the current global economic difficulties necessitate the implementation of appropriate health care system for underprivileged groups of people. In 2009, in an effort to effectively remedy these situations, the Ministry of Health, Welfare and Family Affairs implemented a new health promotion policy with focus on five strategic areas; reinforcement of health care support for the underprivileged groups; strengthening health promotion management including smoking and obesity prevention; preparation for the next generation's health by supporting pregnancy and childbirth; establishing the preventive system for chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease and asthma; governmental support for suicide and alcohol abuse prevention and improvement of mental health care service. From the socioeconomic perspective, the current health promotion policy in Korea contributes to raising national income level by producing job opportunities, through the revitalization of new service sector. It is expected that the introduction of Health Care Service will contribute more to this trend.
Subject(s)
Humans , Pregnancy , Aging , Alcoholism , Cardiovascular Diseases , Chronic Disease , Delivery of Health Care , Health Promotion , Health Status , Korea , Mental Health , Obesity , Reinforcement, Psychology , Smoke , Smoking , SuicideABSTRACT
Working towards the compression of morbidity, we attempted to find the way to contribute to desirable aging and/or healthy old age. By looking into the factors affecting nutrient intake in middle-aged adults, we sought to find ways to improve their health status, Two hundred and fifty middle-aged adults from 40 to 60 years of age residing in Seoul and its vicinity were recruited for the survey. Subjects were interviewed for general characteristics, dietary habits lifestyle, status and food intake by a trained interviewer. Two -day food record was included in addition to the 1 -day 24 hr recall. Date were analyzed for the relationship among nutrient intake, health status, socio-economic status dietary habits and lifestyle using a statistical program (SAS) Although the mean energy intake of the subjects did not reach the recommenced dietary allowances(RDA), mean protein intake was well above the RAD for both sex groups(111.2% and 129.1% for men and women, respectively) The caloric contribution of fat was 15 to 20 % of total energy intake among different groups. Riboflavin was the most deficient nutrient and its mean intake reached only 71.0% of RDA for mean This seemed to be due to the lower intake of milk and dairy products among middle-aged Koreans who are more accustomed to traditional meals. Income and exercise habit were the most important factors influencing the nutrient intake of middle-age adults. Also, BMI, smoking habit, level of education regularity of meal, and hours of sleeping influenced the nutrient intake, In conclusion, middle-age adults appeared to have similar problems with the elderly in terms of nutrient intake and this age group should to included when considering nutritionally vulnerable groups in addition to the elderly and young children. The improvement in the nutrition status of middle-age adults is even more important because that could lead into the better health the elderly.
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Adult , Aged , Child , Female , Humans , Male , Aging , Dairy Products , Eating , Education , Energy Intake , Feeding Behavior , Life Style , Meals , Milk , Nutritional Status , Riboflavin , Seoul , Smoke , SmokingABSTRACT
With the deepening of China's educational reform and the expansion of college enrollment,vulnerable groups among college students have become a social focus in the construction of a harmonious society and a harmonious campus.In this paper,the present situation and formation of vulnerable groups among college students are analyzed,the necessity of harmonious development of college vulnerable groups is discussed,and the countermeasures to improve the educational management of college vulnerable groups are also proposed.
ABSTRACT
Justice in health and health care is a very important problem.After pointing out the reasons why the problem becomes a hot topic and the content of justice in health and health care,the thesis expounds that justice in health and health care is more than medical issues, it must be considered within the context of social justice;justice and efficiency in health and health care is in accordance;the key point is the allocation of medical resource;the start point and end point is justice in health state;the vitals is policy;the kernel is paying more attention to the vulnerable group.