Disparities in sexual activity indicators among youth living in the slums of Kampala: Comparisons with representative national and urban school-attending youth.

Aims: This study examined the extent to which youth who live on the streets and in the slums of Kampala experience more HIV risky behaviors than representative national and urban school-attending youth. Place and Duration of Study: Analyses were based on three cross-sectional surveys: 1. the Kampala Youth Survey (service-seeking youth living in the slums; conducted in 2011; N=457); 2. The Global School-based Student Health Survey (GSHS; nationally representative sample of school-attending youth, conducted in 2003; N=3,215); 3. The Global School-based Student Health Survey (GSHS; urban representative sample of school-attending youth, conducted in 2003; N=1,709). Methodology: Analyses restricted to youth between ages 14-17 years assessed the differences in prevalence of sexual intercourse, age of sexual initiation, number of partners, and condom use among youth in the three surveys examined. A z-test was used to test the significance of difference in proportions. The prevalence reported in the Kampala Youth Survey was compared to the other two surveys of school-attending youth. Results: The lifetime prevalence of reporting sexual intercourse was statistically significantly higher (49%) among participants in the Kampala survey compared to the youth in the GSHS National (31%) and GSHS Urban (29%) surveys. Moreover, girls in the Kampala survey reported significantly higher prevalence of sexual intercourse (49%) compared to girls in the GSHS National (23%) and GSHS Urban (22%) surveys. In terms of condom use, the youth in the Kampala survey reported using condoms less in the past year (34%) compared to the youth in the GSHS National (64%) and the GSHS Urban (60%) who reported on condom use at the time of last sexual intercourse. Conclusion: The youth in the Kampala survey reported higher prevalence of sexual intercourse, having fewer sexual partners, and lower condom use compared to their nationally representative school-attending peers. Prevention strategies that seek to increase condom use specifically appear warranted.

Jóvenes vulnerables y de elite: ¿cómo piensan el estudio, el trabajo; y cómo construyen sus anticipaciones de Futuro? / Vulnerable youth and upper-class youth, what do both think about study and work, and how do they build their anticipations of future?

En un escenario caracterizado por profundas transformaciones sociales y económicas, se distingue una importante desigualdad en las oportunidades de acceso al estudio y al trabajo; y en las expectativas y formas de proyectarse al futuro, según el sector social y el circuito educativo de pertenencia. El presente trabajo intenta analizar de qué modo tanto los jóvenes vulnerables como los de elite producen representaciones sobre el estudio y el trabajo, elaboran sus anticipaciones de futuro y se piensan a sí mismos, en términos de autoeficacia. Asimismo, se busca establecer relaciones entre el nivel socio-educativo, la construcción de su identidad y las categorías mencionadas. Se trata de un estudio exploratorio, comparativo, abordado con una estrategia metodológica cualitativa, que utiliza la entrevista en profundidad como técnica de recolección de datos.

In a setting characterized by profound social and economic changes, there is a great inequality in the opportunities of access to study and work and in the expectations and ways of projecting the future, according to the social sector and the educational circuit of belonging. This paper attempts to analyze how both, vulnerable youth and upper-class youth produce the representations of study and work, develop their anticipations of the future and think of themselves in terms of self-efficacy. It also aims to establish relationships between the socio-educational level, the construction of identity and the above-mentioned categories. This is an exploratory and comparative study, tackled with a qualitative methodological approach, which uses in-depth interview as a technique for data collection.

Trayectorias, estrategias e inserciones en contextos significativos de jóvenes de sectores socialmente vulnerables / Trajectory, strategy and integration in meaningful contexts of young people from socially vulnerable areas

La Psicología de la Orientación ha resaltado la importancia de la interacción con el contexto en la construcción de la identidad en los jóvenes. En el presente artículo se presenta el Proyecto de investigación "Trayectorias, estrategias e inserciones en contextos significativos de jóvenes de sectores socialmente vulnerables. Los procesos subjetivos en juego" (Beca de Investigación UBACyT de tres años de duración). El proyecto tiene como objetivo estudiar la relación entre los proyectos de futuro de los jóvenes de sectores sociales vulnerables, sus representaciones y expectativas manifiestas y las estrategias y trayectorias de estudio y trabajo construidas así como las significaciones atribuidas a las mismas. En este artículo nos centraremos en los enfoques y perspectivas conceptuales que estudian cómo construyen sus proyectos, trayectorias y estrategias futuras los jóvenes de sectores sociales vulnerables, considerando sus inserciones significativas en diversos contextos. Estos jóvenes se encuentran en una situación de desventaja social, educativa y laboral que los exponen a mayores dificultades en la construcción de sus proyectos y en la posibilidad de ir implementando estrategias para poder sostenerlos. Estudiar trayectorias implica analizar la temporalidad de las experiencias vividas, sus historias sociales y biográficas, así como el significado que adquieren para estos jóvenes. Para ello y desde el aspecto metodológico, se describe el diseño que se utilizará en el desarrollo de la investigación, exploratorio y con un abordaje cualitativo y un enfoque basado en el estudio de casos a partir de entrevistas en profundidad.

The Psychology of Orientation has stressed the importance of interaction with the context for the construction of identity in young people. In this article we expose the research "Trajectories, Strategies and insertions in meaningful contexts of young people from socially vulnerable. Subjective processes involved (UBACyT grant three years). It aims to study the relationship between the future projects of young people from vulnerable social groups, their representations, their expectations, their strategies, and their study and working paths, as well as the meanings attributed to them. We will focus on the conceptual approaches that study how young people from vulnerable social groups build their projects, paths and future strategies, considering their significant insertions in different contexts. These young people are at a social, educational and employment disadvantage which exposes them to greater dificulties in the building of their projects and the possibilities of using strategies to support them. Studying the paths also involves analyzing the timing of their experiences, their social histories and biographies, and the meaning young people attribute to these experiences. Thus, considering the methodological aspect, we describe the research design as exploratory, with a qualitative approach, based on case studies from in depth interviews.