ABSTRACT
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) contribute to most of the potentially preventable burden through early risk assessment. Nurse-led CVD risk assessment is an effective strategy to address the human resource crisis for CVD prevention. An interventional study was conducted in medicine wards of a tertiary care hospital in North India to train nurses in CVD risk assessment and its communication. All bedside nurses (n = 30) of selected wards were enrolled and trained in CVD risk assessment and communication using WHO/ISH risk prediction charts. Once fully trained, each nurse enrolled patients (>40 years of age) from their respective wards to assess and communicate CVD risk. To calculate the reliability of risk assessment, investigator simultaneously assessed CVD risk with nurses. The mean age of nurses was 32.07 ± 6.31 years. The results revealed that training significantly increased the knowledge of nursing personnel (P < 0.001). There was perfect inter?rater reliability agreement (Cohen’s k = 0.929) between nurses and investigators while assessing CVD risk. Nurses demonstrated good communication skills. The study concluded that nurses can be trained successfully in CVD risk assessment and communication. The study recommends the task shifting of CVD risk assessment to nurses after providing proper training
ABSTRACT
Introduction: Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are a group ofdiseases that involves mainly Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)also known as Myocardial Infarction (MI) and Stroke. Thismay be caused by both Physiological and behavioural riskfactors. High blood pressure, hyperglycaemia, dyslepidemiaand obesity are physiological risk factors, while smoking, lackof exercise, unhealthy dietary practices and excessive alcoholconsumption are behavioural risk factors. Study objective wasto find out the risk factors associated with occurrence of 10year total risk of cardiovascular events (MI and Stroke) inrural areas of Varanasi District.Material and methods: This was a community based crosssectional study conducted in Varanasi district of Uttar Pradesh.All population aged 40 years and above of both genderswere included in this study. Interview schedule was used tocollect the baseline data and an anthropometric measurementand World Health Organization/ International Society ofHypertension (WHO/ISH) risk prediction chart for Indianpeople was used for risk assessment of MI and Stroke.Results: The prevalence of various risk factors amongparticipants was as obesity, 32.5% (95% CI: 30.4%-34.7%);hypertension, 29.0% (95% CI: 27.0%-31.1%); diabetes 6.1%(95% CI: 5.1%-7.3%) and smoking, 18.3% (95% CI: 16.6%-20.1%). The overall prevalence of 10 year risk of MI andStroke was found 26%. Out of these 16% (95% CI: 14.0%-17.3%) and 6% (95% CI: 4.9%-7.1%) respondents were inmoderate and high risk respectively. While 4% (95% CI:3.5%-5.3%) respondents had very high risk of MI and Stroke.Age and sex were found significantly associated with the riskof MI and Stroke. Risk factors like hypertension (P<0.05,χ2=516.39), diabetes (P<0.05, χ2=53.74) and smoking(P<0.05, χ2=41.06), were also significantly associated withthe development of MI and Stroke.Conclusion: This study shows the positive significantassociation between several risk factors (i.e. age, gender,hypertension, diabetes and smoking) with 10 year risk fordeveloping MI and Stroke.
ABSTRACT
Background: Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are leading cause of death among non-communicable diseases (NCD). Many people in developing countries are detected late and die from NCDs, often in their most productive years. Prevention of CVD is an essential step to control the epidemic of NCDs. Thus, this study was undertaken to assess the prevalence of risk factors and to estimate the risk of CVD in the next 10 years.Methods: A community based cross-sectional study was conducted among 608 individuals aged ≥40 years in rural area of Mysuru. Data was collected using Semi structured questionnaire and 10 year CVD risk was estimated using World Health Organization/International Society of Hypertension (WHO/ISH) risk prediction charts.Results: A total of 608 study participants (mean age 56.76±11.07 years; Male:Female ratio 1.2:1) were included in the study. The prevalence of tobacco (32.9%) and alcohol (20.1%) consumption was significantly higher among males compared with females. Hypertension, diabetes and obesity prevalence was 39.5%, 15.5% and 28.1% respectively. One-fifth of population had moderate (20-39%) estimated risk and 7.4% had very high (≥40%) risk of developing CVD event in next 10 years. The estimated high risk (≥30%) of CVD events was statistically higher among individuals who were non-literates, unemployed, physically inactive, middle and above socioeconomic status.Conclusions: In the present study, CVD risk factors and estimated risk of CVD were significantly prevalent in the rural population. The use of simple tools like WHO/ISH risk prediction charts to estimate CVD risk is recommended in low resource settings at Community level, as the benefit of screening outweighs the risk of missing an opportunity to prevent CVD.