ABSTRACT
Introducción: El envejecimiento de la población en la actualidad es uno de los principales problemas a nivel mundial, debido al incremento en la esperanza de vida. Sin embargo, una mayor esperanza de vida no significa una mejor calidad de vida. Objetivo: Valorar el papel que desempeña la familia en la autopercepción de calidad de vida del adulto mayor. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo, observacional y transversal en adultos mayores aplicada en sujetos de ambos sexos en la provincia ecuatoriana de El Oro entre enero del 2018 y noviembre del 2019. La muestra quedó conformada por 399 pacientes. Los cuestionarios utilizados fueron: Valoración biopsicosocial del adulto mayor desde un enfoque bioético, y la Escala de Calidad de Vida WHOQOL-BREF. Resultados: El promedio de edad fue de 73,66 años ± 7,38 con un rango entre los 65 y 98 años. El 78,9 por ciento de los adultos mayores maltratados y el 75,9 por ciento de los adultos mayores con trato familiar regular refieren una calidad de vida deficiente. Solo el 18,3 por ciento de los adultos mayores bien tratados refirieron una calidad de vida deficiente, por lo que se observa una asociación entre el trato familiar y la percepción de la calidad de vida estadísticamente significativa. Se constató maltrato familiar por negligencia en los adultos mayores que refirieron una calidad de vida deficiente. Conclusiones: La familia posee un papel preponderante en la calidad de vida del adulto mayor(AU)
Introduction: Nowadays, population aging is one of the main problems worldwide, due to the increase in life expectancy. However, higher life expectancy does not mean better quality of life. Objective: To assess the role played by the family in the older adult's self-perception of quality of life. Methods: A descriptive, observational and cross-sectional study was carried out with older adults of both sexes in the Ecuadorian province of El Oro, between January 2018 and November 2019. The sample consisted of 399 patients. The questionnaires used were the Biopsychosocial Assessment of the Older Adult from a Bioethical Approach and the WHOQoL-BREF Quality of Life Scale. Results: The average age was 73.66 years ± 7.38 years, with a range between 65 and 98 years. A poor quality of life was reported by 78.9 percent of the mistreated older adults and 75.9 percent of the older adults with regular family treatment. Only 18.3 percent of the well-treated older adults reported a poor quality of life, which shows a statistically significant association between family treatment and perception of quality of life. Family mistreatment due to neglect was found in older adults who referred poor quality of life. Conclusions: The family has a preponderant role in the quality of life of the older adult(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Perception , Quality of Life , Aged , Family , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Cross-Sectional Studies , Surveys and Questionnaires , Elder Abuse , Observational Study , Octogenarians , NonagenariansABSTRACT
Objetivos Investigar alguns fatores relacionados com a qualidade de vida de professores de educação básica do município de Florianópolis, SC, Brasil, considerando as características do trabalho docente. Métodos 349 professores das redes municipal e estadual de educação, que trabalhavam em escolas das diferentes regiões do município, responderam a um questionário com questões relacionadas ao trabalho e ao Whoqol-bref. Foram realizadas análises descritivas e testes de diferenças entre médias dos indicadores de qualidade de vida geral e dos domínios físico, psicológico, relações sociais e meio ambiente. Resultados Os professores com maior carga horária semanal e aqueles da rede estadual de ensino apresentaram menores índices de qualidade de vida em todos os domínios investigados. Professores com mais tempo de serviço no magistério apresentaram menores índices de qualidade de vida considerando o domínio físico (p=0,007) e relações sociais (p<0,001). Os professores em cargo de direção/supervisão apresentaram escores superiores de qualidade de vida no domínio meio ambiente em relação aos professores de sala de aula. Conclusões Em síntese a redução da carga horária parece ser o principal fator associado com menores índices de qualidade de vida na amostra.
Objectives Investigating some pertinent factors associated with elementary education teachers' quality of life working in the Brazilian city of Florianopolis and surrounding district. Methods 349 state and municipal school system elementary school teachers working in the city and its surrounding areas answered a questionnaire containing work-related questions and the WHO Quality of Life-BREF (WHOQOL-BREF) questionnaire. Descriptive statistics were used and the differences between means were analyzed, considering physical, psychological, social relationships and environmental domains. Results Teachers working more hours per week and in the state school system had lower quality of life indices in all domains investigated. Those having more years of service in the teaching profession had lower quality of life indexes regarding the physical (p=0.007) and social relationships (p<0.001) domains. Teachers occupying management/supervisory posts had higher quality of life scores in the environmental domain compared to classroom teachers. Conclusions The hours worked seemed to be the main factor associated with lower quality of life scores in this sample of elementary school teachers.
Objetivos Investigar algunos factores relacionados con la calidad de vida de profesores de educación básica del municipio de Florianópolis, SC, Brasil, considerando las características del trabajo docente. Métodos 349 profesores de las redes municipal y estadual de educación, que trabajaban en escuelas de las diferentes regiones del municipio, respondieron a un cuestionario con preguntas relacionadas al trabajo y al Whoqol-bref. Fueron realizados análisis descriptivos y tests de diferencias entre medias de los indicadores de calidad de vida general y de los dominios físico, psicológico, relaciones sociales y medio ambiente. Resultados Los profesores con mayor carga horaria semanal y aquellos de la red estadual de enseñanza presentaron menores índices de calidad de vida en todos los dominios investigados. Profesores con más tiempo de servicio en magisterio presentaron menores índices de calidad de vida, considerando el dominio físico (p=0,007) y relaciones sociales (p<0,001). Los profesores en cargos de dirección/supervisión presentaron resultados superiores de calidad de vida en el dominio medio ambiente, en relación a los profesores que dan clases. Conclusiones En síntesis, la reducción de la carga horaria parece ser el principal factor asociado a menores índices de calidad de vida en la muestra.