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Wallis dynamic stabilization system is a surgical approach in the non-fusion technique of lumbar spine, consisting of interspinous blockers and dacron artificial ligaments that provide stability to the spine while maintaining a degree of motion in the affected segment. Recent studies have demonstrated the significant benefits of Wallis dynamic stabilization system in treating lumbar degenerative diseases. It not only improves clinical symptoms, but also effectively delays complications such as adjacent segmental degeneration. This paper aims to review the literature related to the Wallis dynamic stabilization system and degenerative diseases of the lumbar spine to describe the long-term prognostic effect of this system in the treatment of such diseases. This review provides a theoretical basis and reference for selecting surgical methods to treat degenerative diseases of the lumbar spine.
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Humans , Spinal Fusion/methods , Lumbar Vertebrae/surgery , Lumbosacral Region , Decompression, Surgical/methods , Intervertebral Disc Degeneration/surgery , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE@#To explore the relationship between sample size in the groups and statistical power of ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis test with an imbalanced design.@*METHODS@#The sample sizes of the two tests were estimated by SAS program with given parameter settings, and Monte Carlo simulation was used to examine the changes in power when the total sample size varied or remained fixed.@*RESULTS@#In ANOVA, when the total sample size was fixed, increasing the sample size in the group with a larger mean square error improved the statistical power, but an excessively large difference in the sample sizes between groups led to reduced power. When the total sample size was not fixed, a larger mean square error in the group with increased sample size was associated with a greater increase of the statistical power. In Kruskal-wallis test, when the total sample size was fixed, increasing the sample size in groups with large mean square errors increased the statistical power irrespective of the sample size difference between the groups; when total sample size was not fixed, a larger mean square error in the group with increased sample size resulted in an increased statistical power, and the increment was similar to that for a fixed total sample size.@*CONCLUSIONS@#The relationship between statistical power and sample size in groups is affected by the mean square error, and increasing the sample size in a group with a large mean square error increases the statistical power. In Kruskal-Wallis test, increasing the sample size in a group with a large mean square error is more cost- effective than increasing the total sample size to improve the statistical power.
Subject(s)
Computer Simulation , Models, Statistical , Monte Carlo Method , Sample SizeABSTRACT
A articulação temporomandibular (ATM) estabelece a ligação móvel entre o osso temporal e a mandíbula, é uma articulação do tipo sinovial, que se inter-relaciona anatômica e cinesiologicamente com as articulações adjacentes e da coluna cervical. Entre as diversas alterações da ATM, encontram-se as desordens temporomandibulares (DTM), termo este empregado para unir um grupo de problemas clínicos de articulação, dos músculos mastigatórios e estruturas situadas em local próximo. A presença dos sintomas psicológicos pode gerar consequências para o indivíduo e o grupo social em que vive. Objetivo: O presente estudo tem por objetivo analisar a prevalência de DTM nos moradores das comunidades de Cuiabá-MT e sua associação com fatores psicológicos. Metodologia: Trata-se de um estudo exploratório transversal, de abordagem quanti-qualitativa, realizada no município de Cuiabá-MT, com 120 voluntários de ambos os sexos. Resultados: Mostraram que há uma maior prevalência em indivíduos do sexo feminino, com companheiro, que trabalham e estudam e não católicos. Discussão: No que se diz respeito ao questionário EADS-21, a depressão teve maior destaque, para o SF-36 a única variável que não apresentou associação foi à limitação por aspecto físico. Conclusão: Os resultados indicaram que a prevalência dessa doença pode ser alta, tendo relação com fatores psicológicos.
The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) establishes a mobile link between the temporal bone andjaw, it is a joint synovial type, which interrelates anatomically and cynesiologically with the adjacent joints andcervical spine. Among the various changes of the TMJ are temporomandibular disorders (TMD), which is a term used to join a group of clinical problems of articulation, masticatory muscles and structures situated next location.The presence of psychological symptoms may have consequences for the individual and the social group where he lives. Objective: This study aims to analyze the prevalence of TMD in residents of Cuiabá communities, and their association with psychological factors. Methodology: This is a cross-sectional exploratory study of quantitative and qualitative approach, held in the city of Cuiabá, with 120 volunteers of both sexes. Results: The results showed that there is a higher prevalence in females, with a partner, who works and studies and non-catholics. Discussion: As regards the EADS-21 questionnaire, depression was more prominent for the SF- 36; the only variable that showed no association was the limitation of physical appearance. Conclusion: The results indicated that the prevalence of this disease can be high, being related to psychological factors
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Humans , Male , Female , Quality of Life , Temporomandibular Joint Dysfunction Syndrome , Psychological PhenomenaABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To analyze the relationship between hygroscopicity and water solubility of chemical drugs by using nonparametric test. METHODS: Dynamic vapor sorption (DVS) analysis was adopted to determine the hygroscopicity of 515 chemical drugs, and solubility test method was adopted to determine the water solubility of these drugs. All samples were divided into four levels according to their water solubility, and the relationship between hygroscopicity and water solubility was investigated by using Kruskal-Wallis&Wilcoxon rank sum test. RESULTS: There were significant differences in the hygroscopicity of drugs with different levels of water solubility, and the hygroscopicity of level 4 was significantly higher than that of level 1. Hygroscopicity was positively correlated with water solubility. CONCLUSION The hygroscopicity of chemical drugs is interpreted in terms of a physical property in this study, and the results provide an experimental foundation for further studies on the mechanism of hygroscopicity.
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OBJECTIVES: This study was conducted to determine the presence of caregiver fatigue among caregivers of patients with schizophrenia at Veterans Memorial Medical Center Department of Psychiatry for the period of 2008-2011. It also aimed to identify the association between demographic characteristics of the caregivers and the occurrence of caregiver fatigue.METHODOLOGY: This is a crosssectional study that employed a validated, self-administered questionnaire i.e. Caregiver Self-assessment Questionnaire, which consisted of 16 "yes/no" items and 2 global scale items designed to measure indices of emotional and physical distress. Subjects were also asked to provide their demographic profile to determine if there was an association between caregiver factors and caregiver fatigue. Subjects were selected thru simple random sampling. The values obtained were then analyzed using the Mann Whitney U Test and Kruskal Wallis Test with RESULTS: From a total of 360 only 271 caregivers of schizophrenia patients consented to participate in the study Results revealed that 116 respondents or 41.8% for questions 1 -16 and 146 respondents or 53% for question 17 and 155 respondents or 57% for question 18 experienced "severe" level of fatigue. Caregiver factors that were associated with development of caregiver fatigue were: married status, college graduate, unemployed and caring for the undifferentiated type of schizophrenia. Caregivers alleviate their stress thru the help of family members then eventually turn to friends, neighbors, church and civic organizations while a few reported seeking support from all groups at the same time.CONCLUSION: Most of the caregivers of patients with schizophrenia suffered from "severe" level of caregiver fatigue. Caregivers relied on the rest of their family members to alleviate their stress.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Schizophrenia , Patients , Fatigue , Caregivers , PsychiatryABSTRACT
As a nonparametric method,the Kruskal-Wallis test is widely used to compare three or more independent groups when an ordinal or interval level of data is available,especially when the assumptions of analysis of variance (ANOVA) are not met.If the Kruskal-Wallis statistic is statistically significant,Nemenyi test is an alternative method for further pairwise multiple comparisons to locate the source of significance.Unfortunately,most popular statistical packages do not integrate the Nemenyi test,which is not easy to be calculated by hand.We described the theory and applications of the Kruskal-Wallis and Nemenyi tests,and presented a flexible SAS macro to implement the two tests.The SAS macro was demonstrated by two examples from our cohort study in occupational epidemiology.It provides a useful tool for SAS users to test the differences among three or more independent groups using a nonparametric method.
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Objectives: The purpose of this study was to assess the Oral health Knowledge, Attitude and Behaviors of different Professional College (Agricultural, Pharmacy, Law, Engineering and Medical) Students in Hubli- Dharwad, Karnataka, India. Materials and methods: 500 students from different professional colleges were selected for the study. From each college 100 students were selected randomly by using simple random sampling technique. The data was collected by pre-tested questionnaire on Oral health Knowledge, Attitude and Behaviors. Results: A higher mean score of oral health knowledge was observed in Medical students (297.20) compared to Pharmacy (248.40), Law (247.37), Engineering (243.30) and Agriculture (216.15).A better attitude towards oral health mean scores were observed in Medical students (260.93) followed by Agriculture (256.94),Engineering (249.80), Law (246.63) and Pharmacy (238.2) students. But a significant higher oral health behavioral scores were found in Pharmacy (272.59) followed by Law (269.76), Agriculture (265.24), Engineering (254.59) and Medical (189.33) students. Conclusion: Medical college students have significantly better oral health knowledge scores (H=43.7600, <0.01, S) than the other professional college students. But, Pharmacy students have significantly higher behavioral scores (H=52.3400, <0.01, S) than the other professional college students.
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Objective To evaluate the early effect of Wallis interspinous dynamic stabilization system (Wallis system) in treatment of lumbar degenerative disease. Methods From January 2008 to Jan-uary 2009,21 patients(23 intervertebral spaces) with early lumbar disc herniation and lumbar spinal stenosis were treated with Wallis system. Four intervertebral spaces of L_(3-4) 19 intervertebral spaces of L_(4-5). Observed the time of total operation and implantation,the blood loss,and early recovery. The patients' visual analogue scale (VAS) and Oswestry disability index (ODI) scores were evaluated before and after operation. Results All patients were followed up for average (12.5 ± 0.4) months (7-18 months) after operation. The VAS and ODI scores at 7 days after operation dropped from (7.5 ± 1.5), (40.0 ± 2.0) scores before operation to (2.5 ± 0.5), (23.0 ± 1.5) scores (P < 0.01). Conclusion It is safe and easy to use Wallis system in the treatment of lumbar degenerative disease, with the advantage of mini-invasion and early effect.
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Objective To observe the clinical therapeutic outcomes and the radiographs changes of lumbar degeneration disease treated by dynamic stabilization device (Wallis). Methods Eighty-four cases of lumbar degeneration disease were treated by threaded fusion cage, from May 1997 to May 2002. The JOA scores, the rate of fusion,cage sink and adjacent segment degeneration were observed. Results The average hospitalizotion was 23.59 days. The mean operation time was 3.00 hours. The mean JOA scores were 13.93 before the operation,while 26.69 on the end of the following time respectively; there was statistical significant. The mean motion of operative segment was 5.22 before operation, while 2.44 on the end of the following time respectively. The mean extension of operative segment was 3.32 before operation ,while 1.39 on the end of the following time respectively. The mean motion of adjacent segment was 3.68 before operation, while 6.54 on the end of the following time respectively. The mean extension of adjacent segment was 1.95 before operation,while 3.95 on the end of the following time respectively. There were all statistical significant on those changes of Cobbs angel. Conclusions The long-term therapeuptic effect of WALLIS treatment for lumbar degeneration disease is reliable. The motion of operative segment was significant decreased, especially on extension. The motion of adjacent segment was significant increased, the degree extension of adjacent segment was also significant increased.
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[Objective] To evaluate the early effect of posterior dynamic lumbar stabilization in lumbar degenerative disease.[Methods]The clinical outcomes of 31 patients with lumbar degenerative disease treated by posterior decompression with Wallis posterior dynamic lumbar stabilization implant or combined with posterior lumbar fusion were retrospectively studied,and assessed with visual analogue scale(VAS)and spinal operative standard of Chinese Medical Association.The early effect and complications associated with Wallis posterior dynamic lumbar stabilization were recorded.[Results]The operative procedure of Wallis posterior dynamic lumbar stabilization implant was easy and less invasive.The VAS scores were 7.9?2.0,2.6?1.2 and 1.7?0.8 at one day preoperatively,two week postoperatively and final follow-up,respectively.The good to excellent result was 94.4% at the lastest follow-up.No compliction related with Wallis posterior dynamic lumbar stabilization was found.[Conclusion]It is easy and safe to use Wallis posterior dynamic lumbar stabilization in treatment of degenerative lumbar disease,and the early effect is good.The Wallis system provides an alternative for treatment of lumbar degenerative disease.