ABSTRACT
RESUMEN El presente artículo busca describir las condiciones de salud y trabajo de los recicladores a nivel mundial, desde el modelo de condiciones de trabajo de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica en PubMed, Taylor and Francis, Science Direct y SAGE de artículos publicados entre los años 1999 al 2019. Para el proceso de depuración de artículos se utilizó el gestor bibliográfico Mendeley. Se obtuvieron 857 registros, de los cuales 88 cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión. La mayoría de los estudios eran de casos y controles, con la aplicación de cuestionarios, entrevistas, encuestas y discusiones de grupos focales. Las condiciones intralaborales de los recicladores se relacionan principalmente con la exposición a agentes químicos y biológicos; las condiciones extralaborales que más influyen en el desempeño laboral están asociadas con su situación económica, familiar, vivienda y relación con el entorno. Las condiciones individuales que más inciden en la salud y el trabajo de los recicladores están asociadas con el sexo, la edad y la escolaridad. Desde el abordaje del modelo de condiciones de trabajo esta revisión de literatura identificó y explicó los agentes de riesgo y los efectos en la salud de recicladores como consecuencia de su exposición a entornos de trabajo inseguros y peligrosos.
ABSTRACT This scoping review article seeks to describe the health and work conditions of waste pickers worldwide from the working conditions model of the Universidad Nacional de Colombia, through a review of scientific articles published between the years 1999 to 2019. The bibliographic search was carried out manually in PubMed, Taylor and Francis, ScienceDirect, and SAGE. For the article screening process, the Mendeley bibliographic manager was used. The methodological quality was based on a rigorous and serious process respecting the established inclusion and exclusion criteria. 857 records were obtained, of which 88 studies met the inclusion criteria. Most of the studies analyzed had a qualitative approach, based on the application of questionnaires, interviews, surveys, and focus group discussions. The intra-work conditions of the waste picker population are mainly related to situations that affect their work environment, while the non-work conditions that most influence the work performance of waste pickers are associated with their economic and family situation, place of residence, and relationship with the environment. The individual conditions that most affect the health and work of waste pickers are associated with sex, age, and education. From the approach to the working conditions model, this literature review identified and explained the different risk agents and effects on the health of waste pickers around the world as a consequence of their exposure to unsafe and dangerous work environments.
Subject(s)
Health Status , Occupational Health , Waste Pickers , RiskABSTRACT
RESUMO Parte dos resíduos sólidos recicláveis gerada nas cidades é coletada por catadores. A atividade é considerada informal, mas reconhecida como a base da cadeia produtiva da reciclagem. Este artigo retrata uma investigação realizada com uma amostra de 29 catadores individuais em Esteio (RS), submetidos a entrevistas estruturadas. Os dados foram tratados estatisticamente e confrontados com dados de pesquisa pública disponível. Os resultados demonstraram que PET, alumínio, papel e papelão são os resíduos que mais atraem os catadores, que a média individual de coleta de recicláveis da amostra é cerca de 1.200 kg/mês e que as massas mínima e máxima de recicláveis para todos os catadores do município são, respectivamente, 102,5 e 257,3 t/mês. Esses resultados mostraram que o desempenho ambiental dos catadores é maior de 2,3 a 5,7 vezes quando comparado com o indicador da coleta seletiva formal de Esteio.
ABSTRACT Urban waste pickers collect part of the mass of recyclable solid waste in the cities. The activity has been considered informal, but it is recognized as the basis of the recycling's production chain. This paper discusses a research developed with 29 waste pickers in Esteio city, Brazil. The data were compared to the public research data available. The results indicated that PET, aluminum, paper and cardboard are the most economically attractive solid waste for the waste pickers. The data also indicated that the average individual recyclable materials collected by waste pickers is 1,200 kg/ month, and the minimum and maximum mass of recyclable materials for all municipality's waste pickers are respectively 102.5 and 257.3 t/month. These results showed that the environmental performance of waste pickers is from 2.3 to 5.7 times higher when the data are compared to the indicator of formal selective collection in Esteio city.