ABSTRACT
El agua es una necesidad universal que ha sido reportada por las Naciones Unidas (ONU) y la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) como una prioridad. Existe una necesidad apremiante de acceso gratuito al agua potable para las poblaciones de los países en desarrollo. Además, las fuentes de agua de los países desarrollados también requieren atención debido a la presencia de un alto nivel de contaminantes emergentes. Por lo tanto, la nanotecnología parece ser una herramienta poderosa que podría usarse como sensores, filtros, superficies antibacterianas y nanoantimicrobianos. En esta revisión, hemos discutido la aplicación de las nanopartículas y los nanocompuestos para el tratamiento de aguas y aguas residuales. Además, el impacto de las nanopartículas libres como contaminantes emergentes en las plantas de tratamiento de agua, así como en las aguas subterráneas, merece más estudios.
The water is a universal need that has been reported by the United Nations (UN) and World Health Organization (WHO) as a priority. There is a pressing need for free access to drinking water for populations from developing countries. Furthermore, the water sources of developed countries also require attention due to the presence of a high level of emergent contaminants. Therefore, nanotechnology appears to be a powerful tool that could be used as sensors, filters, antibacterial surfaces, and nanoantimicrobials. In this review, we have discussed the application of nanoparticles and nanocomposites for water and wastewater treatment. Moreover, the impact of free-nanoparticles as emergent contaminants in water treatment plants as well as groundwater warrants further studies.
Subject(s)
Humans , Nanotechnology , Water Pollutants , Water Contamination ControlABSTRACT
Considerando a importância da qualidade da água tratada nos serviços de diálise para prevenção de riscos aos pacientes renais crônicos, foi estabelecido o programa de monitoramento com a finalidade de avaliar a qualidade da água tratada nos serviços de diálise do Estado de São Paulo, com base nos parâmetros estabelecidos pela Resolução RDC nº 154/2004. Foi atestada a efetividade das ações de vigilância sanitária que tem resultado em aumento dos níveis de qualidade da água tratada em vários dos parâmetros analisados, o que indica a importância da continuidade dos programas de monitoramento com intuito de garantir a segurança dos pacientes.
Considering the relevance of the quality of treated water in dialysis units to prevent the risks for patientswith chronic kidney diseases, a Monitoring Program has been established in order to evaluate the quality of treated water used in the dialysis units of the state of São Paulo, based on the parameters establishedby Resolution RDC # 154/2004. The effectiveness of the sanitary surveillance activities was evidencedbecause the consistent water quality has been improved on several analyzed parameters, which indicatesthe importance of keeping up the treated water-monitoring program at hemodialysis units in order toguarantee the patients safety.