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AIM: To summarize the clinical features of the 24h intraocular pressure data and the water drinking test(WDT)results in patients with primary open angle glaucoma(POAG)and ocular hypertension(OHT), and analyze the correlation.METHODS: To collect the data of 87 cases(174 eyes)with POAG and OHT, who had completed 24h intraocular pressure(IOP)(measured every 2h)and WDT(drink 1 000mL water off within 5min and then measure every 15min within 1h)in the ophthalmology department of Shenzhen University General Hospital from December 2019 to March 2022. They were divided into three groups, with 33 cases(66 eyes)in high tension glaucoma(HTG)group, 28 cases(56 eyes)in normal tension glaucoma(NTG)group and 26 cases(52 eyes)in OHT group. The clinical features of 24h IOP and WDT among the patients in three groups were summarized, and Spearman correlation was used to analyze the peak and fluctuation values of IOP.RESULTS: Clinical features among the patients in three groups:(1)the proportion of peak IOP of HTG, NTG and OHT group:(2:00-6:00 a.m.): 40.9%, 23.2% and 26.9%;(8:00-12:00 a.m.): 34.8%, 46.4% and 55.8%;(14:00-18:00 p.m.): 18.2%, 21.4% and 11.5%;(20:00-24:00 p.m.): 6.1%, 8.9% and 5.8%. Valley proportion among groups: early morning: 21.2%, 25.0% and 30.8%; morning: 22.7%, 10.7% and 13.5%; afternoon: 19.7%, 17.9% and 17.3%; evening: 36.4%, 46.4% and 38.5%. The proportion of 24h IOP fluctuation <6mmHg: 9.1%, 62.5% and 17.3%; 6-<8mmHg: 24.2%, 32.1% and 40.4%; ≥8mmHg: 66.7%, 5.4% and 42.3%.(2)WDT: The proportion of the three groups that could reach peak IOP within 30min was 81.8%, 76.8% and 80.8%, respectively. The proportion of IOP fluctuations in the three groups <6mmHg: 10.6%, 78.6% and 38.5%; 6-<8mmHg: 22.7%, 16.1% and 28.8%; ≥8mmHg: 66.7%, 5.4% and 32.7%.(3)the proportions of WDT peak higher than 24h peak IOP in the three groups were 80.3%, 80.4% and 80.8%. Correlation: the peak values of 24h IOP were positively correlated with the peak values of WDT(all P<0.01), the fluctuation of 24h IOP was positively correlated with the fluctuation of WDT in HTG and OHT group(P<0.01, P<0.05), while it showed no significant correlation in NTG group(P>0.05).CONCLUSION: Diurnal measurements of IOP during office hours(08:00 a.m.-18:00 p.m.)may fail to capture the peak values and underestimate IOP fluctuations. The 24h IOP fluctuation ≥HTG group of 8mmHg>OHT group>NTG group. The peak WDT in over 75% patients could be achieved within 30min, and it was higher than 24h peak IOP of over 80% patients. There was a positive correlation between the 24h IOP fluctuations and the WDT fluctuations in HTG and OHT patients. Therefore, WDT has clinical significance in assessing fluctuations in patients' IOP.
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Objective By observing the effect of deeply needling Lianquan (CV23) plus acupuncture at the ten nape points on the deglutition function in post-stroke pseudobulbar palsy, to objectively evaluate the efficacy of deeply needling Lianquanplus acupuncture at the ten nape points in treating post-stroke pseudobulbar palsy.Method A total of 141 patients diagnosed with post-stroke pseudobulbar palsy were divided into a treatment group (71 cases) and a control group (70 cases) by following asimple-randomized design (random number table). The treatment group was intervened by deeply needling Lianquan plus acupuncture at the ten nape points, while the control group was intervened by conventional acupuncture. A month later, the general therapeutic efficacy, Kubota's water drinking test, Toshima Ichiro's swallowing assessment, and Standardized Swallowing Assessment (SSA) were evaluated, and the therapeutic efficacies of the two groups were compared.Result The general therapeutic efficacy, waterdrinking test result, Toshima Ichiro's swallowing assessment, and SSA score were significantly improved in both groups after the treatment (P<0.05). After the treatment, the general therapeutic efficacy, water drinking test result, Toshima Ichiro's swallowing assessment, and SSA score in the treatment group were significantly different from those in the control group (P<0.05), and the treatmentwas superior to the control group. The total effective rate was 91.5% in the treatment group, versus 70.0% in the control group, and the between-group difference was statistically significant (P<0.05).Conclusion Deeply needling Lianquan plus acupunctureat the ten nape points is effective in treating post-stroke pseudobulbar palsy, superior to the conventional needling method.
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Objective To study the effectiveness of electroacupuncture plus bloodletting in treating deglutition disorder after cerebral stroke.Method Eighty-four patients were randomized into a treatment group and a control group, 42 cases in each group. The treatment group was intervened by electroacupuncture plus bloodletting and rehabilitation training, while the control group was intervened by rehabilitation training. After 2 treatment courses and 6 months after the treatment, Kubota's water drinking test and clinical bedside assessment were evaluated to measure the short-term and long-term therapeutic efficacies. By observing the change of clinical bedside assessment score, the effect of electroacupuncture plus bloodletting on certain symptoms of deglutition disorder was analyzed.Result The total effective rate was 90.5% in the treatment group versus54.8% in the control group, and the between-group difference was statistically significant (P<0.01).Respectively after 2 treatment courses and 6 months after the intervention, the drinking water test scores in the treatment group were superior to those in the control group (P<0.05). The bedside assessment scores in the treatment group were better than those in the control group respectively after 2 treatment courses and 6 months after the intervention (P<0.05). Post-treatment water drinking and bedside assessment scores were significantly better than pre-treatment scores in both groups (P<0.05). According to the observation of short-term and long-term change of bedside assessment, electroacupuncture plus bloodletting significantly improved both short-term and long-term scores of throat function, pharynx reflex, involuntary cough, throat movement, and swallowing cough (P<0.05).Conclusion Clinical observation showed that electroacupuncture plus bloodletting can produce significant short-term and long-term therapeutic efficacies in treating deglutition disorder after cerebral stroke. Electroacupuncture plus bloodletting can produce satisfactory effects in improving mouth-phase and pharynx-phase symptoms and signs in treating deglutition disorder after cerebral stroke.
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Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of ZHU Lian's acupuncture-activatingmethod in treating deglutition disorder due to pseudobulbar palsy after cerebral stroke.Method Sixty patients with deglutition disorder due to pseudobulbar palsy after cerebral stroke in acute stage were randomized into an observation group and a control group, 30 cases in each group. The two groups both received symptomatic neurological treatment. In the two groups, acupoints including Lianquan (CV23), Huiyan (Extra), Baihui (GV20), and bilateral Shuaigu (GB8), Wangu (GB12), Zhaohai (KI6), Lieque (LU7),and Yinlingquan (SP9) were selected. The observation group was intervened by ZHU Lian's acupuncture-activating method; the control group was intervened by ordinary needling method plus G6805 therapeutic appliance with sparse-dense wave for 20 min. Prior tothe treatment and after 10 treatment courses, the two groups were evaluated by using Videofluoroscopic Swallowing Study (VFSS) and Kubota's water drinking test for swallowing function.Result After 10 treatment courses, the total effective rate was 96.7%in the observation group versus 83.3% in the control group, and the between-group difference was statistically significant (P<0.05); the VFSS score in the observation group was significantly different from that in the control group (P<0.01); the water drinking test score in the observation group was significantly different from that in the control group (P<0.01). The results indicated that the therapeutic efficacy was more significant in the observation group compared to that in the control group.Conclusion ZHU Lian's acupuncture-activating method can produce a more significant efficacy in treating deglutition disorder due to pseudobulbar palsy after cerebral stroke in acute stage compared with sparse-dense-wave electroacupuncture.
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Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of acupoint injection plus nerve electrical stimulation in treating deglutition disorders after cerebral stroke. Method Seventy-seven patients with deglutition disorders after cerebral stroke were randomized into an electrical stimulation group of 24 cases, a hydroacupuncture group of 26 cases, and a comprehensive group of 27 cases, to respectively receive Vitalstim electrical stimulation, acupoint injection of Mecobalamin, and both of the treatments, 5 d as a treatment course, with 2-day interval between two courses, for 4 courses in total. The modified water-drinking test and Standardized Swallowing Assessment (SSA) were adopted to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy before the intervention, after 20-day treatment, and after 60-day treatment, and the therapeutic efficacies were compared. Result The modified water-drinking test and SSA scores were significantly changed in the three groups after 20-day treatment compared with that before the intervention, and the scores in the comprehensive group were superior to that of the electrical stimulation group and hydroacupuncture group. However, on the 60th day, the scores were equivalent among the three groups. Conclusion The Vitalstim electrical stimulation and acupoint injection of Mecobalamin both can produce certain treatment effects for deglutition disorders after cerebral stroke;the two methods can work in a synergistic way and can boost the improvement of swallowing function.
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Objective To observe the effects of neuromuscular stimulation (NMES) intensity on post-stroke dysphagia.Methods Thirty patients with dysphagia resulting from a stroke were randomly divided into a control group,an NMES group,and an intensive NMES group,with 10 patients in each.The 3 groups all received conven-tional swallowing training.Patients in the NMES group also received NMES once a day and those in the intensive NMES group received it twice a day.Kubota's water drinking test and videofluoroscopy were used to assess the subjects' swallowing function before treatment and after 2 and 4 weeks of treatment.Results After 2 weeks,the average water drinking test score was significantly better in the intensive NMES group than in the control group.The fluoroscopic results of all three groups had improved significantly,but the results in the NMES group and the intensive NMES group were significantly better than those of the control group.The intensive NMES group also scored significantly higher than the NMES group.Conclusion NMES can improve the swallowing reflex and the contraction of the suprahyoid muscles.It can strengthen the effect of re-learning swallowing.Two NMES sessions a day are better than one.
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Introdução: há trabalhos que demonstram que a dinâmica da deglutição é influenciada pelo gênero, o que poderia ser consequente a diferenças anatômicas entre homens e mulheres. Entretanto, estes trabalhos não consideraram o possível efeito da altura corporal dos indivíduos. Nossa hipótese é que as diferenças previamente observadas não devem acontecer quando os indivíduos tiverem idades e alturas semelhantes. Objetivo: avaliar a dinâmica da deglutição de água em homens e mulheres com idades e alturas corporais semelhantes. Método: utilizando o teste de ingestão de água, estudamos 60 voluntários saudáveis, 30 homens [idade: 40,7 (12,9) anos, altura: 1,69 (0,05)m] e 30 mulheres [idade: 37,3 (11,4) anos, altura: 1,68 (0.05)m]. O teste foi realizado com o voluntário sentado, com a ingestão contínua de 50 ml de água, e a medida do tempo de ingestão e contagem do número de deglutições para ingerir todo volume. Com estes resultados, calculamos o intervalo entre deglutições, o fluxo de ingestão e o volume por deglutição. Resultados: o número de deglutições para ingerir todo volume foi, em média, maior nas mulheres [4,3 (1,6)] do que nos homens [3,9 (1,8); p=0,04]. Sendo assim, o volume por deglutição foi menor nas mulheres [13,4 (5,0) ml] do que o volume por deglutição observado nos homens [17,3 (12,5) ml; p=0,04]. Não houve diferença entre os gêneros no tempo de ingestão, no intervalo entre deglutições e no fluxo de ingestão. Conclusão: mulheres ingerem água em menor volume em cada deglutição quando comparadas com homens com idades e alturas corporais semelhantes.
Introduction: there are results reporting that there are differences between men and women in the dynamics of swallowing, which may be consequence of anatomic differences between genders. Objective: to evaluate the dynamics of water ingestion in men and women with similar heights and ages. Our hypothesis was that the differences previously found might not be seen if they have similar age and similar height. Method: we evaluated by the water swallow test the dynamics of water ingestion in 60 healthy volunteers, 30 men [age: 40.7 (12.9) years; height: 1.69 (0.05)m] and 30 women (age: 37.3 (11.4) years; height: 1.68 (0.05) m]. The test was performed with the volunteers in the sitting position. They ingested continuously and confortably 50 ml of water while precisely timed and counted the number of swallows needed to ingest all the volume. Results: The number of swallows to ingest all the volume was greater in women [4.3 (1.6)] than in men [3.9 (1.8); p=0.04]. The volume capacity in each swallow was smaller in women [13.4 (5.0) ml] than in men [17.3 (12.5) ml; p=0.04]. There was no difference in the duration of ingestion, in the time between swallows and in the flux of ingestion. Conclusion: even with similar ages and height women ingest water in smaller volume in each swallow than men.
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Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Sex Factors , Deglutition , Drinking , Sex DistributionABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the correlation between central corneal thickness and outflow facility assessed by intraocular pressure peak and fluctuation during the water drinking test. METHODS: Fifty-five newly diagnosed primary open-angle glaucoma patients submitted to central corneal thickness measurements and water drinking test were enrolled in this retrospective study.;. Patients were divided into three groups according to their central corneal thickness. Pearson's Correlation test was performed in the groups with lower and higher pachymetric values. RESULTS: The mean age was 65,65 ± 28,28 years; 63,63 percent were female and 52,72 percent were caucasian. The mean central corneal thickness was 544,32 ± 36,86 µm, and the mean baseline intraocular pressure was 23,36 ± 6,26 mmHg. During the water drinking test, the mean intraocular pressure peak and mean intraocular pressure fluctuation were 30,43 ± 8,13 mmHg and 31,46 ± 18,46 percent, respectively. No relevant correlation was detected between the central corneal thickness and the intraocular pressure peak (r² = 0,021) or between the central corneal thickness and the intraocular pressure fluctuation (r² = 0,011). Group 1 presented a mean central corneal thickness of 505,81 ± 13,86 µm, and Group 3 was 583,55 ± 27,87 µm (p = 0,001). The mean intraocular pressure peak was 31,05 ± 9,05 mmHg and 27,83 ± 4,92 mmHg in Group 1 and in Group 3, respectively (p = 0,193). The difference of intraocular pressure fluctuation was not statistically significant between Group 1 (mean 28,47±16,25 percent) and Group3 (mean 33,27 ± 21,27 percent) (p = 0,43). CONCLUSION: In our case series, no correlation was found between central corneal thickness and water drinkingtest results.
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Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Cornea/pathology , Diagnostic Techniques, Ophthalmological , Drinking , Glaucoma, Open-Angle/physiopathology , Intraocular Pressure/physiology , Water , Retrospective StudiesABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: To investigate the correlation and agreement between the intraocular pressure peaks detected during the water drinking test and the modified diurnal tension curve in untreated glaucomatous eyes. INTRODUCTION: It has been suggested that the intraocular pressure peaks detected during the water drinking test predict the peaks observed during a 24-hour diurnal tension curve. A more feasible and practical test for assessing intraocular pressure peaks in glaucomatous eyes during office hours would be of great clinical utility. METHODS: This was a prospective study involving open angle glaucoma patients without anti-glaucoma medication submitted to the modified diurnal tension curve and water drinking test on the same day. The intraocular pressure peaks during the water drinking test and the modified diurnal tension curve were reported and compared. Statistical analysis was performed to assess the correlation and agreement between intraocular pressure peak measurements. RESULTS: The correlation between intraocular pressure peaks during the water drinking test and modified diurnal tension curve was significant and strong (Pearson's Correlation Coefficient r=0.780, p<0.0001). Limited agreement was observed between these measurements. Eighty-two percent of intraocular pressure peaks were higher during the water drinking test than the modified diurnal tension curve. DISCUSSION: These findings suggest that the water drinking test may be used as tool to assess risk factors for glaucomatous patients. CONCLUSION: Intraocular pressure peaks detected during the water drinking test could be used in clinical practice to both estimate the peaks observed during the modified diurnal tension curve and assess the status of the eye's outflow facility.