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Objective:To establish the methods for the determination of Mg,Al,K,Ca,Cr,Cu,Zn,As,Se,Ag,Cd,Sn,Ba,Pb,Na and Hg in water for injection. Methods:The sixteen metallic elements in water for injection were determined by ICP-MS. The collision cell technology ( CCT) was used to minimize the multiple atomic interference, and the matrix effect and signal drift were compensated by using Li, Sc, Ge, In, Ir and Bi as the internal standards and the samples were directly acidified to detect the metallic elements. Results:The detection limit range of the 16 metallic elements were from 0. 009 to 0. 165 ng·ml-1. The calibration curves showed good linearity (r≥0. 999 0). The recoveries were within the range of 80%-120%(n=6). Conclusion:The method is simple, rapid and accurate. It can be used to determine the contents of metallic elements to reduce the potential exceeding limit risk of toxic metal el-ements in water for injection. The methods also can provide reference for the more strict quality evaluation of water for injection.
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Objective To observe the two different wetting fluid in airway humidification of patients with mechanical ventilation.Methods 40 patients with mechanical ventilation after cardiac surgery in our hospital from January to April,2009,were divided randomly into group A and group B,group A was given 0.45% sodium chloride solution 100ml plus ambroxol 15mg as airway humidification fluid,group B was given sterile water for injection100 ml plus ambroxol 15mg as airway humidification liquid.The amount of sputum aspiration,color,viscosity,the body temperature of patients,the lungs auscultation and chest X-ray were observed.Results No statistical difference was seen in sputum volume,color,viscosity,the body temperature of patients,lungs auscultation as well as chest X ray after mechanical ventilation for 4 hours,8 hours,16 hours,24 hours,1～2 d,3～5 d,6～7 d.No statistical difference was also seen in auscultation of the lung after mechanical ventilation for 4 hours,16 hours,24 hours,1～2 d,3～5 d,6～7 d.But auscultation of the lung in group B was better than that of group A after mechanical ventilation for 8 hours.Conclusions No sufficient fact can prove that different effect exists between 100 ml 0.45% sodium chloride solution plus ambroxol 15mg and 100 ml sterile water for injection plus ambroxol 15mg as airway humidification fluid during mechanical ventilation.
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OBJECTIVE:To introduce water processing treatment technology and equipment for hospital manufacturing laboratory.METHODS:According to the relevant standards recorded in China Pharmacopoeia and electric conductivity,water quality of purified water manufactured by3kinds of techniques were evaluated.The advantages and disadvantages of these techniques were compared with regard to the utilization of source water,convenience of operation,environmental pollution,and so on.RESULTS:Purified water manufactured by these3kinds of techniques all met the standards recorded in China Phar?macopoeia,best quality was obtained by the technique of combining ion exchange with first order reverse osmosis,the next in order is obtained through the combination of second order reverse osmosis with electrode ionization(EDI).The purified water could be distilled to be water for injection which meets the standard in China Pharmacopoeia.CONCLUSION:Combination of second order reverse osmosis with EDI is the optimal water processing technique considering quality of purified water,utiliza?tion of source water,convenience of operation,environmental pollution and so on.Multiple distillation technology is the main artwork to prepare water for injection.
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A design of a kind of separate water service system according to quality in hospital is introduced in this paper.The functions of the system and the standards for quality of every types of water are discussed.Its technological process of water treatment covers several kinds of membrane separation technology and the different demands for water quality in hospital are met by separate distribution.It is energy-saving,water-saving and easy to manage.