ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Irrigation water and cultivated soil have been identified as possible sources of contamination in several crops. In certain vegetables that are eaten raw, such as lettuce, this contamination can lead to public health problems. Aiming to evaluate the influence of these sources on the quality of lettuce grown in the Córrego Sujo Basin, Teresópolis, RJ, an important agricultural pole whose production services the metropolitan region of Rio de Janeiro, water from different sources (spring, weir and river) was collected in this region, as well as samples of soil and lettuce irrigated with these waters, to carry out conventional microbiological analyzes (counts of total heterotrophic bacteria and thermotolerant coliforms) and molecular analyzes (PCR-DGGE). The count of fecal coliforms in lettuce suggests that there is an influence of irrigation water and the cultivated soil on the contamination of these vegetables. The grouping of bacterial communities in the different samples obtained by the PCR-DGGE technique shows that irrigation water has a greater influence on the contamination of these vegetables in relation to the soil where they are grown. These results corroborate the need to monitor water bodies used for irrigation and demonstrate that the PCR-DGGE technique is of great value for the study of microbial communities and, when associated with specific primers, can help in the detection of pathogens in food.
RESUMO A água de irrigação e o solo de cultivo têm sido apontados como possíveis fontes de contaminação em diversas culturas. Em determinadas hortaliças consumidas cruas, como a alface, essa contaminação pode causar problemas de saúde pública. Objetivando avaliar a influência dessas fontes na qualidade das alfaces cultivadas na Bacia do Córrego Sujo, Teresópolis, RJ; importante polo agrícola com produção voltada à região metropolitana do Rio de Janeiro, coletou-se nesta região águas proveniente de diferentes fontes (nascente, açude e rio); solos e alfaces irrigados com essas águas, para realização de análises microbiológicas convencionais (contagens de bactérias heterotróficas totais e coliformes termotolerantes) e moleculares (PCR-DGGE). A contagem de coliformes fecais na alface sugere que existe influência da água de irrigação e do solo na contaminação desses vegetais. O agrupamento das comunidades bacterianas nas diferentes amostras obtido pela técnica de PCR-DGGE mostra que a água de irrigação tem influência maior na contaminação dessas hortaliças em relação ao solo onde são cultivadas. Esses resultados corroboram a necessidade de monitoramento de corpos d'água utilizados para irrigação e demonstram ser a técnica do PCR-DGGE de grande valia para o estudo das comunidades microbianas e, quando associada a iniciadores específicos podem ajudar na detecção de patógenos em alimentos.
ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT: In this study was developed a three-dimensional robotic device, equipped with a system of actuators, sensors, and controllers to do the individual irrigation of plants in low-cost greenhouses for family farming. After the development were carried out the data collection in the field. In the data analyzing, reported that there was no statistical difference between means for manual irrigation and robotics in the development of agronomic variables of stem height, stem diameter and number of leaves, concluding that the robotic irrigation promoted a lower coefficient of variation and a lower standard deviation in the samples.
RESUMO: O objetivo deste trabalho foi desenvolver um dispositivo robótico tridimensional, dotado de um sistema de atuadores, sensores e controladores para realizar a irrigação individual de plantas em estufas agrícolas de baixo custo para a agricultura familiar. Após o desenvolvimento foram realizadas as coletas de dados em campo, analisando-se os dados, constatou-se que não houve diferença estatística entre médias para a irrigação manual e robótica no desenvolvimento das variáveis agronômicas de altura de caule, diâmetro de caule e número de folhas, podendo concluir que a irrigação robotizada promoveu um menor coeficiente de variação e um menor desvio padrão nas amostras coletadas.
ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To report a case of anterior chamber irrigation with distilled water during cataract operation. METHODS: During the cataract operation of 56 year-old male patient, corneal edema and anterior chamber hazziness were noted after anterior chamber irrigation with distilled water for a minute. Distilled water was replaced rapidly balanced salt solution (BSS) as irrigation solution and operation was completed. At postoperative one day, corneal edema and anterior chamber exudative membrane were formed. After topical 5% NaCl, 1% prednisolone treatment, corneal edema and exudative membrane disappeared at postoperative sixth week. BCVA was 0.6. At postoperative ninth week, the patient complained of decreased visual acuity. On fundus exmination and flourescein angiography, cystoid macular edema (CME) was detected. RESULTS: After prednisolone oral administration and diclofenac eyedrop instillation, CME improved. At postoperative 24th month, BCVA was 0.8 and CME disappeared. CONCLUSIONS: From our experience of a case of anterior chamber irrigation with distilled water during cataract operation, if balanced salt solution replaces hypotonic solution rapidly as irrigation solution, corneal and other complications are managed properly, long term visual acuity appears good.