ABSTRACT
Strength training performed while restricting blood flow is believed to cause the secretion of growth hormones under low load intensities and allow for muscle hypertrophy and increased muscle strength. This has potential clinical applications for elderly individuals and people with existing conditions. However, previous research has been performed on land, with hemodynamics and growth hormone secretion trends for training performed underwater unclear. Against this background, we investigated the effects of blood flow restriction training underwater on hemodynamics and plasma growth hormone (GH) levels. Twelve healthy university students were divided into two groups: a localized immersion group where only the upper limb of the dominant hand was submerged, and a whole-body immersion group where participants were submerged to the xiphoid process. Immersed according to respective group protocols, both groups performed flexion and extension of the shoulder joint for 10 minutes with a pressurized cuff at the base of the upper arm under both 0 mmHg and 50 mmHg cuff pressures. Measured hemodynamics were heart rate, systolic blood pressure, and diastolic blood pressure. Plasma GH levels were measured from blood samples. This study revealed that underwater blood flow restriction strength training induced plasma GH level secretion under 50 mmHg conditions. In addition, high levels of GH secretion were shown in the localized immersion group for strength training even when the cuff was not pressurized. Conversely, no significant differences were evident in any measured hemodynamic categories. Results suggest that, in addition to cuff pressure, blood flow restriction training is affected by the body part immersed in water.
ABSTRACT
Strength training performed while restricting blood flow is believed to cause the secretion of growth hormones under low load intensities and allow for muscle hypertrophy and increased muscle strength. This has potential clinical applications for elderly individuals and people with existing conditions. However, previous research has been performed on land, with hemodynamics and growth hormone secretion trends for training performed underwater unclear. Against this background, we investigated the effects of blood flow restriction training underwater on hemodynamics and plasma growth hormone (GH) levels. Twelve healthy university students were divided into two groups: a localized immersion group where only the upper limb of the dominant hand was submerged, and a whole-body immersion group where participants were submerged to the xiphoid process. Immersed according to respective group protocols, both groups performed flexion and extension of the shoulder joint for 10 minutes with a pressurized cuff at the base of the upper arm under both 0 mmHg and 50 mmHg cuff pressures. Measured hemodynamics were heart rate, systolic blood pressure, and diastolic blood pressure. Plasma GH levels were measured from blood samples. This study revealed that underwater blood flow restriction strength training induced plasma GH level secretion under 50 mmHg conditions. In addition, high levels of GH secretion were shown in the localized immersion group for strength training even when the cuff was not pressurized. Conversely, no significant differences were evident in any measured hemodynamic categories. Results suggest that, in addition to cuff pressure, blood flow restriction training is affected by the body part immersed in water.
ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the safety and efficacy of the conservative laparoscopic operation in treatment of tubal pregnancy by drug water pressure embryo separation. Method 58 cases with tubal pregnancy without rup-ture, the first focus on internal injection of MTX dilution 5 ml to 3 ml, and then to the near corner of the uterus in-jection of 3 ml MTX dilution, and then the line to retain the fallopian tube laparoscopic embryo removal. Results After 2 weeks, the blood β-HCG was monitored, and the average follow-up was 18 months. There was no persistent ectopic pregnancy, the fallopian tube was unobstructed, 22 cases were married of 16 cases (72.73 %) in the in-trauterine pregnancy. Conclusion Separation of ectopic pregnancy and proximal tubal MTX injection method laparo-scopic conservative surgery in the treatment of fallopian tube pregnancy by methotrexate (MTX) dilution water pres-sure, curative effect is exact, retained the fallopian tube of the normal anatomy and physiological function treatment of tubal pregnancy is safe and effective method.
ABSTRACT
The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of different water pressures and concentrations of lactic acid on microbial counts (mesophilic bacteria, enterobacteria and Salmonella) on pig carcasses without contamination and contaminated carcasses, before and after the last shower and before being cooled. The tests were carried out using 4, 3 and 2 bar water pressure, and 2, 1 and 0% lactic acid concentration. In general, both the pressure in the shower and lactic acid had a positive effect by reducing the microbial count. The interaction between the pressure and lactic acid caused the largest reduction in carcasses surface count for mesophiles. With regard to enterobacteria on contaminated carcasses, the most important variable was the lactic acid concentration and in uncontaminated carcasses, it was water pressure. The use of 8 bar pressure of the wash water without lactic acid caused a reduction in mesophilic bacteria and enterobacteria, for both the contaminated and uncontaminated carcasses, with results statistically equal to each other, and significantly lower than the initial counts. The water pressure at 8 bar reduced the percentage of carcasses with Salmonella in contaminated carcasses.
ABSTRACT
Recently, many deaths while bathing in the home bath have been reported. During the winter season, hot water at a high temperature is commonly used for bathing. The circulatory system may thus be seriously affected by the hyperthermia load produced by undressing in a cold environment and subsequent bathing in a bathtub at a high temperature followed by a rapid temperature change due to exposure to cold air after bathing. However, death while bathing also occurs in the summer season.<br>From the cases of death while bathing in the summer season, we found commonality in terms of sex, age, water temperature, bathtub size, and causes of death.<br>The average age in all cases was 69.7. There were 47 male and 46 female deaths indicating an almost equal ratio. The average water temperature at the time of deaths while bathing was 40.7°C. The typical bathtub size was small, 750 to 900mm. In a small Japanese style bathtub, one must compress the body and therefore become more vulnerable to water pressure.<br>From these results, warming, drawing in of limbs, and effects of water pressure on the body may contribute to deaths while bathing in the summer season and also are factors produced by bathing throughout the year.