Risk factors and MRA observation in the patients with cortical watershed infarcts or internal watershed in-farcts / 实用医学杂志

Objective To investigate the risk factors and MRA manifests in the patients with cortical wa-tershed infarcts(CWSI)or internal watershed infarcts(IWSI).Methods We collected the patients with acute wa-tershed infarcts in our hospital from January 2013 to April 2016.According to the Bogousslavsky classification stan-dard,the patients were divided into two groups:CWSI and IWSI. The two groups were compared in terms of risk factors and MRA manifests. Results We included 36 CWSI and 11 IWSI patients in the study.There were signifi-cant differences in smoke,diabetes mellitus,fasting blood glucose levels and carotid atherosclerotic plaque be-tween the two groups,and so it was with the stenosis of ICA,MCA,ACA,PCA,VA and BA:The stenosis of ICA in the CWSI group was more serious than in the IWSI group,but the stenosis of MCA,ACA,PCA,VA and BA in the IWSI group was more serious than in the CWSI group. Conclusions The pathogenesis of CWSI may be related to the formation of carotid atherosclerotic plaques,carotid stenosis and arterial artery embolism,or plaque shedding and micro emboli removal.The pathogenesis of IWSI may be related to the decrease of the perfusion pres-sure at the end of the intracranial artery.The ratio of IWSI to diabetes mellitus is higher than that of CWSI,suggest-ing that the damage of diabetes to intracranial arteriole is earlier than that of intracranial and extracranial arteries.

Infartos limítrofes cerebrales y cerebelosos asociados a compromiso hemodinámico: reporte de caso y revisión de la literatura / Cerebral and cerebellar watershed infarcts associated with hemodynamic impairment: case report and literature review

Mujer de 86 años, hipertensa, evaluada por 72 horas de pérdida de la conciencia luego de una caída súbita que no fue precedida por ningún síntoma. Durante el examen físico se encontraba hipotensa, sin respuesta al estímulo doloroso, con reflejos de tallo presentes. Durante la hospitalización permaneció hipotensa y necesitó soporte vasopresor. Despúes de un mes de hospitalización continuó sin respuesta. La IRM cerebral mostró eventos agudos isquémicos bilaterales tanto supra como infratentoriales (Figura 1). En la ecocardiografía se evidenció una fracción de eyección de 55% con un aneurisma del septum atrial con desplazamiento bilateral de 15 mm y un foramen oval permeable de 7 mm. El doppler de miembros inferiores fue normal. Discusión: Los infartos cerebrales limítrofes constituyen aproximadamente el 10% de todos los infartos cerebrales. Dichos infartos se pueden clasificar en externos (corticales) e internos (subcorticales). Cuando ambos se presentan en un mismo paciente, de forma bilateral y con compromiso tanto supratentorial como infratentorial, la causa más probable es la alteración hemodinámica y el pronóstico invariablemente es pobre.

A 86-year-old hypertensive woman was evaluated for 72 hours of unconsciousness after a sudden fall that was not preceded by any symptoms. Upon examination, she was hypotensive and unresponsive to pain. Brainstem reflexes were present. During hospitalization, she remained hypotensive and needing vasopressor support. After 1 month, she remained unresponsive. The MRI showed bilateral supratentorial and infratentorial accute ischemic strokes (Figure 1). The echocardiogram showed an ejection fraction of 55% and an atrial septal aneurysm with bilateral excursions of 15 mm and a patent foramen ovale of 7 mm. The doppler ultrasound of lower extremities was normal. Discussion: Watershed infarcts constitute approximately 10% of all brain infarcts. Two types are recognized: external (cortical) and internal (subcortical) and when both occur in association with bilateral, supratentorial and infratentorial infarcts, there is a higher probability of hemodynamic impairment, and the prognosis is invariably poor.