Factors related to low birth weight in Indonesia

@#Introduction: Previous studies have reported that low birth weight (LBW) correlates with neonatal death and 15 - 20% of all births worldwide are LBW. This research aimed to analyse the factors related to LBW in Indonesia. Methods: The authors collated secondary data from the 2017 Indonesian Demographic and Health Survey (IDHS). The sample consisted of 17,443 respondents. Besides LBW as the dependent variable, the independent variables consisted of maternal age, residence, wealth, education, employment, marital status, health insurance, antenatal care (ANC) visits, smoking behaviour, and gender of the baby. The final stage employed binary logistic regression. Results: Women aged 35-39 years were 0.688 times less likely than women aged 15-19 years to give birth to LBW babies. The wealthiest women were 0.712 times less likely than the poorest women to give birth to LBW babies. Women with higher education levels were 0.670 times less likely to have a LBW baby than women with no education level. Women who attended ≥4 ANC visits were 0.829 times less likely to have LBW babies than women who attended <4 ANC visits. Baby girls were 1.161 times more likely than baby boys to be born with LBW. Conclusion: The study concluded that the factors related to LBW in Indonesia were maternal age, wealth, education, ANC, and gender of the baby.

Appropriate household water treatment methods in Ethiopia: household use and associated factors based on 2005, 2011, and 2016 EDHS data

BACKGROUND@#Diarrheal disease attributable to water and sanitation can be prevented using point-of-use water treatment. In Ethiopia, a small number of households treat water at point-of-use with appropriate methods. However, evidence on factors associated with household use of these treatment methods is scarce. Therefore, this study is intended to explore the household use of appropriate point-of-use water treatment and associated factors in Ethiopia.@*METHODS@#The data of 2005, 2011, and 2016 Ethiopian demographic and health surveys were used for analysis. Households reportedly treating water with bleach, boiling, filtration, and solar disinfection in each survey are considered as treating with appropriate treatment methods. Household water treatment with these treatment methods and factors associated was assessed using bivariate and multivariable regression. In addition, a region level difference in the treatment use was assessed by using multilevel modeling.@*RESULTS@#The number of households that reported treating water with appropriate water treatment methods was 3.0%, 8.2%, and 6.5% respectively in 2005, 2011, and 2016. Household heads with higher education had 5.99 (95% CI = 3.48, 10.33), 3.61 (95% CI = 2.56, 5.07), and 3.43 (95% CI = 2.19, 6.37) times higher odds of using the treatment methods respectively in 2005, 2011, and 2016 compared to household heads who had no education. There was a significantly high number of households that used appropriate water treatment methods in 2011 (AOR = 2.78, 95% CI = 2.16, 3.57) and 2016 (AOR = 2.18, 95% CI = 1.64, 3.89) compared to 2005 data. In pooled data analysis, the reported use of the treatment methods is associated with household head education, residency, drinking water sources, and owning radio and television. From a multilevel modeling, within-region variation is higher than between-region variations in the use of treatment methods in each survey.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Below 10% of households reportedly treating water at point-of-use in each survey attributable to different factors. Designing intervention strategies for wide-scale use of treatment methods at the country level is fundamental.

Salud y trabajo de docentes de instituciones educativas distritales de la localidad uno de Bogotá / Health and work of district schools faculty of the district one of Bogotá

Las instituciones educativas constituyen un escenario importante para la promoción de la salud de docentes, estudiantes, personal administrativo e, incluso, las familias; pero para utilizarlo eficazmente, en particular para el caso de los(as) docentes, es necesario conocer sus condiciones de trabajo y salud. Objetivo: describir algunas de las condiciones de trabajo y salud del personal docente que labora en las Instituciones Educativas Distritales de la Localidad uno (I) de Usaquén, Bogotá, en el 2010. Metodología: Estudio de abordaje cuantitativo, descriptivo transversal. Se inició después de la obtención de la autorización por parte de las directivas de las instituciones y del aval del Comité de Ética de la Facultad de Enfermería de la Universidad Nacional; posteriormente se procedió a la presentación del estudio ante los docentes directivos de estas Instituciones, se inició la recolección de información. El tamaño de la muestra fue de 230 docentes. Resultados: El 68.7% del personal docente era de sexo femenino; el 51.7% realizaba extensión del trabajo docente; 37.8% reportó presencia del ruido dentro del aula, situación que les exigía elevar el volumen de la voz para lograr la atención de los estudiantes. En relación con las condiciones de salud, refirieron que la causa de mayor frecuencia en la consulta médica era el estrés, con un 40.9%; seguido de los problemas vasculares y várices en miembros inferiores, con un 29.1%; de colon irritable, 28.3, y disfonías o afonías, con un 27.8%. Conclusiones: En este contexto se ratifica la necesidad de comprender la actividad docente como un proceso laboral de interés para el área de la salud y seguridad en el trabajo, por el alto valor social que representa y el fuerte impacto que tiene en el desarrollo de la sociedad. Se plantea la necesidad de continuar con estudios de intervención en la población que participó del estudio.

Educational institutions are an important scenario for promoting faculty, students, administrative staff, and even families health. However, in order to use it effectively, particularly in the case of the faculty, it is necessary to know their work conditions and health status. Objective: To describe some of the working and health status of the staff working in the educational institutions of the District One (I) of Usaquén, Bogotá, in 2010. Methodology: Quantitative, cross-sectional and descriptive study that was started after obtaining authorization of the schools administrations and the endorsement of the Ethics Committee of the Nursing School of the National University. The study was then introduced to the schools principals, and the data collection was started. 230 teachers made up the sample. Outcomes: 68.7% of the faculties were female teachers; 51.7% perform extension activities; 37.8% reported that students made so much noise in the room, so they had to speak louder in order to get students` attention. Regarding health status, 40.9% reported that the main reason to see a doctor was stress, followed by vascular problems and varicose veins in lower limbs, with 29.1%; irritable bowel, 28.3, and dysphonias or aphonias, with 27.8%. Conclusions: on this basis, it was confirmed the need to understand teaching activities as a labor process of interest to the health field and work safety, due to the high social value it represents and its strong impact on the society`s development. It raises the need to carry out further studies of intervention on population participating in the trial.

As instituições de ensino são cenário importante para a promoção da saúde dos professores, estudantes, pessoal administrativo e até mesmo das famílias. No entanto, a fim de usá-lo de forma eficaz, especialmente no caso dos professores, é necessário conhecer suas condições de trabalho e nível de saúde. Objetivo. Descrever algumas das condições de trabalho e nível de saúde do pessoal que trabalhava nas Instituições de Ensino do Primeiro Distrito de Usaquén, Bogotá, em 2010. Metodologia: o estudo foi apresentado aos docentes diretores dessas instituições, e a coleta dos dados iniciou-se. A amostra foi composta de 230 docentes. Resultados: 68.7% do pessoal eram mulheres; 51.7% faziam trabalho de extensão; 37.8% indicaram que tinha muito barulho na sala de aulas, o que fez com elas falassem mais alto para chamar a atenção dos alunos. No que diz respeito ao nível de saúde, indicaram que o principal motivo para visitar o médico era estresse, com 40.9%; seguido dos problemas vasculares e varizes nas pernas, com 29.1%; de cólon irritável, 28.3, e disfonias ou afonias, com 27.8%. Conclusões: nesse contexto, verifica-se a necessidade de entender a atividade docente como um processo laboral de interesse para a área da saúde e segurança no trabalho, pelo elevado valor social que representa, bem como o forte impacto sobre o desenvolvimento da sociedade. Coloca-se a necessidade de continuar levando em diante pesquisas de intervenção na população que participou do estudo.