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1.
Ciênc. rural (Online) ; 51(6): e20200580, 2021. tab
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1286025

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of different non-genetic effects on indicator traits for maternal ability in Santa Inês ewes. Data included performance records of 100 lambs (males and females) born from 59 dams, from 2009 to 2012. The analyzed traits were birth weight (BW), weaning weight (WW), average daily gain from birth until weaning (ADGBW), total litter weight at birth (TLWB), and total litter weight at weaning (TLWW). The effects analyzed were the year of birth of the lamb, birth season, dam age at lambing, dam weight at lambing, sex of the lamb, lamb birth type, interaction between sex and birth type, and interaction between sex and birth season. SAS® software (SAS University Edition, USA) was used for calculation of the analysis of variance, means, and Pearson correlation coefficients. With the exception of the birth season, all the other environmental effects evaluated had a significant influence on at least one of the studied traits. The correlation estimates ranged from low to high and were either positive or negative. Birth weight was negatively correlated with the birth type and influenced positively all the other performance traits evaluated. The maternal ability of Santa Inês ewes was more clearly influenced by the age and weight of the dam at lambing, and the lamb birth type.


RESUMO: O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a influência de diferentes efeitos não-genéticos sobre características indicadoras de habilidade materna em ovelhas da raça Santa Inês. Os dados utilizados incluíram registros de desempenho de 100 cordeiros (machos e fêmeas) filhos de 59 ovelhas, nascidos de 2009 a 2012. As características analisadas foram peso ao nascimento (PN), peso ao desmame (PD), ganho médio diário do nascimento ao desmame (GMND), peso total das crias ao nascer (PTCN) e peso total das crias ao desmame (PTCD). Os efeitos analisados foram ano de nascimento da cria, estação de nascimento, idade da mãe ao parto, peso da mãe ao parto, sexo da cria, tipo de nascimento da cria, interação entre sexo e tipo de nascimento, e interação entre sexo e estação de nascimento. O programa SAS (SAS University Edition, EUA) foi utilizado para o cálculo de análise de variância, médias e coeficientes de correlação de Pearson. Com exceção da estação de nascimento, os demais efeitos avaliados exerceram influência significativa sobre pelo menos uma das características estudadas. As estimativas de correlação variaram de baixa a alta magnitude e foram tanto positivas quanto negativas. O peso da cria ao nascimento foi negativamente correlacionado com o tipo de nascimento e influenciou positivamente todas as outras características de desempenho avaliadas. A habilidade materna de ovelhas Santa Inês foi mais claramente influenciada pela idade e peso da mãe ao parto e pelo tipo de nascimento da cria.

2.
rev. udca actual. divulg. cient ; 22(2): e1371, Jul-Dic. 2019. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1094815

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN De la raza ovina criolla, desarrollada en el departamento de Córdoba, Colombia, existen pocas investigaciones sobre características de desarrollo, por tal razón, el objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar características asociadas al crecimiento de los ovinos criollos de pelo, en dos poblaciones de Córdoba, Colombia. Se utilizaron 55 animales provenientes de dos sistemas de producción. El pesaje, se realizó cada 15 días, desde el nacimiento hasta los 6 meses de edad y las mediciones del área del ojo del lomo (AOL), se tomaron por ultrasonografía, a los 4 y 6 meses de edad. Las características evaluadas fueron peso al nacer (PN), peso al destete (PDA90), peso a los seis meses (PA6M), ganancia de peso predestete (GPPRD) y posdestete (GPPOD) y AOL. El promedio para PN fue de 2,63 ± 0,65 kg; para PDA90, de 11,19 ± 3,78 kg; para PA6M, de 15,61 ± 3,93 kg y para GPPRD y GPPOD, de 0,095 ± 0,04 y 0,06 ± 0,3 kg/d, respectivamente. Se encontró que el sexo del cordero afectó (P≤0,05) las variables PDA90, PA6M y GPPRD. El tipo de finca tuvo influencia (P≤0,05) sobre todas las características de crecimiento evaluadas. Los resultados sugieren que habría que mejorar los sistemas de alimentación en las poblaciones estudiadas e iniciar un proceso de selección, con el fin de mejorar las características evaluadas.


ABSTRACT The Creole sheep breed developed in the department of Córdoba, Colombia has little research on growth traits, for this reason the objective of this study was to evaluate traits associated with the growth of Creole hair sheep in two populations of Córdoba, Colombia. Fifty-five Creole animals from two production systems were used. Weighing was performed every 15 days from birth to 6 months of age and loin eye area (LEA) measurements were taken by ultrasound at 4 and 6 months of age. The traits evaluated were birth weight (BW), weaning weight (WW90), weight at six months of age (W6M), preweaning (PWWG) and postweaning weight gain (POWWG) and LEA. The average for BW was 2.63 ± 0.65 kg, for WW90 it was 11.19 ± 3.78 kg, for W6M it was 15.61 ± 3.93 kg and for PWWG and POWWG it was 0.095 ± 0.04 and 0.06 ± 0.03 kg/d, respectively. It was found that the sex of the lamb affected (P≤0.05) the variables PDA90, PA6M and GPPRD. The type of farm had influence (P≤0.05) on all the growth traits evaluated. The results suggest that, it would be necessary to improve the feeding systems in the populations studied and initiate a selection process in order to improve the evaluated traits.

3.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec ; 68(6): 1563-1572, nov.-dez. 2016. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-827925

ABSTRACT

Com o objetivo de avaliar matrizes da raça Nelore (NE) e cruzadas 1/2 Angus + 1/2 Nelore (AN), 1/2 Caracu + 1/2 Nelore (CN) e 1/2 Senepol + 1/2 Caracu (SC) quanto à precocidade sexual em sistemas de recria a pasto, eficiência reprodutiva e desempenho produtivo das matrizes em cada grupo genético (GG), matrizes desses grupos foram produzidas por três safras. Foram avaliadas 40 matrizes AN, 37 CN, 51 NE e 43 SC. Para prenhez precoce, matrizes AN apresentaram taxa de prenhez de 92,2% contra 29,1% para CN, 22,6% para SC e 1,1% para NE. Na prenhez convencional, matrizes AN obtiveram 99,4%, 98,8% para CN, 84,4% para SC e 80,0% para NE. A reconcepção das matrizes AN foi 86,3%, 75,1% de CN, 49,6% de NE e 43,6% de SC. Matrizes AN tiveram menor média de idade ao primeiro parto em meses, 26,36±0,79, contra 31,33±0,86 para CN, 33,51±0,98 para SC e 38,08±0,74 para NE. Para peso ao desmame, crias three-cross das AN pesaram mais que as F1 das NE, por volta de 19%. Para relação de peso ao desmame, não houve diferenças estatísticas entre GG. Matrizes AN foram superiores às demais nos aspectos reprodutivos e produtivos, seguidas das matrizes CN.(AU)


With the aim of evaluating Nelore (NE), 1/2 Angus + 1/2 Nelore (AN), 1/2 Caracu + 1/2 Nelore (CN), and 1/2 Senepol + 1/2 Caracu (SC) females for sexual precocity on pasture backgrounding, reproductive efficiency and productive performance of cows and their calves of each genetic group (GG), animals of these groups were produced for three years. A total of 40 AN, 37 CN, 51 NE and 43 SC cows were evaluated. For early heifer pregnancy, AN cows had pregnancy rate of 92.2% compared to 29.1% for CN, 22.6% for SC and 1.1% for NE. For conventional heifer pregnancy AN obtained 99.4%, CN with 98.8%, SC with 84.4% and NE with 80.0%. The first reconception of AN cows were 86.3%, 75.1% for CN, 49.6% for NE and 43.6% for SC. AN cows also had lower age at first calving in months, 26.36±0.79, compared to 31.33±0.86 for CN, 33.51±0.98 for SC and 38.08±0.74 for NE. For weaning weigth the three-cross from AN were heavier than the F1s from NE, by a margin of 19%. For calf:cow weight ratio there was no statistical difference among GG. AN cows were superior to the others in both productive and reproductive aspects, followed by the CN cows.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Cattle , Birth Rate , Fertility , Reproduction , Sexual Maturation , Weaning
4.
Rev. colomb. cienc. pecu ; 29(4): 288-295, oct.-dic. 2016. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1042778

ABSTRACT

Summary Background: Katahdin breed sheep is highly disseminated in Mexico. This breed and its crosses have recently gained attention among sheep producers. However, research with crosses between Katahdin and other meat breeds is limited. Objective: to evaluate the genetic and non-genetic factors affecting growth and mortality rate of crossbred lambs from Katahdin ewes fecundated with breeds specialized for meat production. Methods: crossbred lambs (n = 152) from Katahdin ewes sired with Hampshire (KH; n = 43), Texel (KT; n = 53) or Charolais (KCH; n = 56) were evaluated under intensive management conditions. The effects of genotype and non-genetic factors on birth weight, weaning weight, pre-weaning daily weight gain, and mortality rate were determined. Results: breed differences were not detected for birth weight (4 ± 1.1, 4.3 ± 0.9 and 4 ± 1.1 Kg for KCH, KH, KT, respectively), nor for the 60-d weaning weight (20.2 ± 4.3, 20.9 ± 4.3, 18.2 ± 4.2 Kg for KCH, KH, KT, respectively). Weight of lambs did not differ significantly between sexes, but it decreased (p<0.05) with increased litter size (weaning weight at 60 days for single, twins and triplets was 24.5 ± 2.6, 19.2 ± 3.5, and 14.3 ± 3.8 Kg, respectively). Pre-weaning mortality of KH lambs was 13.3% and it was significantly lower than that of the other genotypes (24.5 and 39.3% for KT and KCH, respectively). Conclusion: inclusion of Charolais, Hampshire or Texel rams in Katahdin flocks results in similar lamb weaning weight, but Hampshire-sired progeny excels regarding pre-weaning survival.


Resumen Antecedentes: la raza de ovejas Katahdin se ha difundido ampliamente en México. Esta raza y sus cruces han ganado recientemente la atención de los productores de ovinos; sin embargo, la investigación con cruces entre Katahdin y otras razas productoras de carne es limitada. Objetivo: evaluar factores genéticos y no genéticos que afectan las tasas de crecimiento y mortalidad de corderos hijos de ovejas Katahdin fecundadas con razas de carne. Métodos: corderos híbridos (n = 152) derivados de ovejas Katahdin fecundadas con machos Hampshire (KH; n = 43), Texel (KT; n = 53) y Charolais (KCH; n = 56) se evaluaron bajo condiciones intensivas de manejo. Se determinó el efecto del genotipo y factores no genéticos en el peso al nacer, peso al destete, ganancia de peso pre-destete, tasa de ganancia de peso pos-destete y mortalidad de los corderos. Resultados: no se detectaron diferencias entre grupos raciales para el peso al nacer (4 ± 1,1, 4,3 ± 0,9 y 4 ± 1,1 Kg para KCH, KH, KT, respectivamente) ni para el peso al destete realizado a los 60 días (20,2 ± 4,3, 20,9 ± 4,3, 18,2 ± 4,2 Kg para KCH, KH, KT, respectivamente). Los pesos de los corderos no difirieron significativamente entre sexos, pero disminuyeron (p<0,05) con el aumento del tamaño de la camada (el peso al destete a los 60 días para los corderos individuales, gemelos y trillizos fue 24,5 ± 2,6, 19,2 ± 3,5 y 14,3 ± 3,8 Kg, respectivamente). La tasa de mortalidad pre-destete de los corderos KH fue de 13,3% y fue significativamente más baja que la de los otros genotipos (24,5 y 39,3% para KT y KCH, respectivamente). Conclusión: el uso de sementales Charolais, Hampshire o Texel en rebaños de ovejas Katahdin genera resultados similares para peso de los corderos a los 60 días, pero la progenie de los moruecos Hampshire tiene mayor sobrevivencia hasta el destete.


Resumo Antecedentes: Katahdin é uma raça de ovelhas altamente disseminada no México. Esta raça e seus cruzamentos têm recentemente ganhado atenção entre os produtores de ovinos. No entanto, a pesquisa com cordeiros híbridos entre Katahdin e outras raças de carne é ainda limitada. Objetivo: avaliar os fatores genéticos e não-genéticos que afetam a taxa de crescimento e a taxa de mortalidade de cordeiros híbridos de ovelhas Katahdin fecundadas com raças de carne. Métodos: cordeiros cruzados (n= 152) derivados de ovelhas Katahdin fecundados com carneiro Hampshire (KH; n = 43), Texel (KT; n = 53) e Charolais (KCH; n = 56) foram usadas neste estudo sob condições intensivas. Foi determinado o efeito do genótipo e dos fatores nãogenéticos sobre o peso ao nascimento, peso ao desmame, peso pré-desmame e percentagem de sobrevivência. Resultados: não foram detectadas diferenças raciais por peso ao nascimento (4 ± 1,1, 4,3 ± 0,9 e 4 ± 1,1 Kg para KCH, KH, KT, respectivamente), e peso ao desmame aos 60 dias (20,2 ± 4,3, 20,9 ± 4,3, 18,2 ± 4,2 Kg para KCH, KH, KT, respectivamente). Os pesos dos cordeiros não diferiram significativamente entre os sexos, mas o peso diminuiu (p<0,05) com o aumento do tamanho da leitegada (o peso ao desmame aos 60 dias de cordeiros individuais, gêmeos e trigêmeos foi de 24,5 ± 2,6, 19,2 ± 3,5 e 14,3 ± 3,8 Kg, respectivamente). A taxa de mortalidade pré-desmame dos cordeiros KH foi de 13.3% e este foi significativamente menor do que a taxa de mortalidade de cordeiros dos demais genótipos ( 24,5 e 39,3% para KT e KCH, respectivamente). Conclusão: o uso de carneiros Hampshire, Charolês ou carneiros Texel em ovelhas Katahdin pode ser implementado com resultados semelhantes para o peso do cordeiro ao desmame, mas a descendência Hampshire destacou-se por sua maior sobrevivência até o desmame.

5.
Rev. MVZ Córdoba ; 20(1): 4427-4435, ene.-abr. 2015. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: lil-743925

ABSTRACT

Objective. To determine how some non-genetic factors influence weights at birth (BW), weaning (WW) and yearling (YW) of Brahman calves. Materials and methods. Data corresponding to 58257, 57045 and 40364 for BW, WW and YW, respectively, were analyzed. The models included the effects of year and season of birth and sex, and were considered simple interactions. Results. All effects were significant (p<0.05) for BW, WW and YW. Only the season of birth didn’t have a significant effect (p>0.05) on WW. The average general BW, WW and YW were 32±3.2, 188±37.7 and 291±56.8 kg, respectively. Variables evaluated that take into account the year of birth show a trend to increase weight each year. In relation to the birth season on BW and YW, it was observed that calves born during the rainy season were heavier than those born during the dry season. Similarly, male calves were heavier than females at birth, weaning and one year of age. The effects of the analyzed interactions were significant (p<0.05) for the three variables, except for the season of birth per sex interaction, which did not have a significant effect (p>0.05) for BW and WW. Conclusions. The studied non-genetic factors were important and should be taken into account in management strategies when striving to increase the efficiency of the productive system.


Objetivo. Determinar cómo influyen algunos factores no genéticos sobre los pesos al nacer (PN), al destete (PD) y al año (PA) de terneros Brahman. Materiales y métodos. Se analizaron 58257; 57045 y 40364 datos para PN, PD y PA, respectivamente. Los registros fueron de animales nacidos durante los años 1994 a 2012. El modelo incluyó los efectos de año y época de nacimiento y sexo, también se consideraron las interacciones simples. Resultados. Todos los efectos resultaron significativos (p<0.05) para PN, PD y PA. Sólo el efecto de época de nacimiento no tuvo efecto significativo (p>0.05) para el PD. Las medias generales de PN, PD y PA fueron de 32±3.2, 188±37.7 y 291±56.8 kg, respectivamente. Para las variables evaluadas sobre el año de nacimiento se observó una tendencia de aumento del peso conforme transcurrieron los años de estudio. Con relación a la época de nacimiento sobre el PN y PA se observó que los terneros nacidos durante la época de lluviosa fueron más pesados, que los nacidos durante la época seca. De igual modo, los terneros machos fueron más pesados que las hembras al nacimiento, destete y al año de edad. Los efectos de las interacciones analizadas fueron significativas (p<0.05) para las tres variables, a excepción, de la interacción época de nacimiento por sexo que no tuvo efecto significativo (p>0.05) para el PN y PD. Conclusiones. Los factores no genéticos estudiados fueron importantes y deben ser tenidos en cuenta en las estrategias de manejo cuando se quiere incrementar la eficiencia del sistema productivo.


Subject(s)
Birth Weight , Cebus , Weaning
6.
Rev. Fac. Cienc. Vet ; 55(2): 68-77, Dec. 2014. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-740410

ABSTRACT

El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo estimar las heredabilidades, correlaciones, heterosis y tendencias genéticas para peso al nacer (PN) y al destete ajustado (PDA; 270 d) en una población multirracial Angus×Brahman en el Trópico bajo colombiano. Se utilizaron 561 registros de pesos al nacer y al destete entre los años 1999 al 2010. Los datos fueron analizados mediante un modelo bivariado que incluyó los efectos fijos de grupo contemporáneo (año-época de nacimiento-sexo), edad de la madre, efectos genéticos directos y maternos de raza, heterosis individual y materna; y los efectos aleatorios genéticos directos y maternos del animal, ambiente permanente materno y residual. Los componentes de varianza se estimaron por el método de máxima verosimilitud restringida, mediante el programa AIREML. Las heredabilidades directas estimadas para PN y PDA fueron 0,08 ± 0,005 y 0,10 ± 0,006, respectivamente. La heredabilidad materna para PN fue de 0,04 ± 0,002 y 0,08 ± 0,005 para PDA. Se encontraron correlaciones genéticas negativas entre efectos directos y maternos para PN (-0,51 ± 0,02) y PDA (-0,21 ± 0,03) y entre efectos directos para PN y maternos para PDA (-0,50 ± 0,02). Las tendencias genéticas para efectos directos y maternos fueron cercanas a cero y no significativas (P>0,05). Las heredabilidades directas y maternas para ambas características, sugieren que se deben mejorar y homogenizar en la población las condiciones de nutrición y manejo para mejorar el crecimiento de los animales en la fase predestete. Las tendencias genéticas indican, que la intensidad de selección aplicada a esta población multirracial no fue suficiente para influir sobre los valores de cría directos y maternos durante los años de estudio.


The aim of this study was to estimate heritabilities, correlations, heterosis, and genetic trends for birth weight (BW) and adjusted weight at weaning (AWW, 270 d) in a multibreed Angus × Brahman population in the Colombian tropical lowlands. A total of 561 records of BW and weaning weight from 1999 to 2010 were used. Data were analyzed using a bivariate model, which included the fixed effects of contemporary group (year-season of birth-sex), age of mother, direct genetic effects and maternal effects of breed, individual and maternal heterosis; and the direct and maternal genetic random effects of the animal, maternal permanent environment, and residuals. Variance components were estimated by the restricted maximum likelihood method, using the AIREML program. Estimates of direct heritability for BW and AWW were 0.08 ± 0.005 and 0.10 ± 0.006, respectively. The maternal heritability for BW was 0.04 ± 0.002 and 0.08 ± 0.005 for AWW. Negative genetic correlations were found between direct and maternal effects for BW (-0.51 ± 0.02) and AWW (-0.21 ± 0.03), and between direct effects for BW and maternal for AWW (-0.50 ± 0.02). The genetic trends for direct and maternal effects were closed to zero and not statistically significant (P>0.05). The direct and maternal heritabilities for both traits suggest that nutrition conditions and management should be improved and homogenize in the population to improve animal growth in the pre-weaning phase. Genetic trends indicate that the selection intensity applied to this multiracial population was not enough to exert an influence on the direct breeding and maternal values during the years of the study.

7.
Rev. Fac. Cienc. Vet ; 54(2): 78-88, dic. 2013. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-705446

ABSTRACT

Se realizó un estudio genético cuantitativo para determinar el peso al nacer (PN), peso al destete corregido a 205 d (P205) y peso a los 18 meses corregido a 548 d (P548) en un rebaño Brahman ubicado en el estado Cojedes, Venezuela, bajo un programa genético y ambiental supervisado. Se analizaron los registros de 5137 animales, nacidos durante los años 1996 a 2007. Se estimaron los componentes de (co)variancias, parámetros genéticos y no genéticos, a través de tres modelos animal univariados usando el paquete de programas MTDFREML. Todos los modelos incluyeron los efectos aleatorios: genético aditivo directo, genético aditivo materno y ambiental permanente de la madre y como efecto fijo: grupo de contemporáneos. Los valores de índices de herencia directos fueron 0,45, 0,20 y 0,34, y los índices de herencia maternos 0,02, 0,13 y 0,04 para PN, P205 y P548, respectivamente. Las correlaciones genéticas aditivas directas - maternas fueron positivas. Los estimados para las tendencias fenotípicas anuales fueron de 0,285 kg para PN, 2,045 kg para P205 y 0,503 kg para P548. Las tendencias genéticas anuales aditivas directas fueron 0,075 kg, 0,523 kg y 1,072 kg y las genéticas maternas fueron 0,0002 kg, 0,230 kg y 0,096 kg para PN, P205 y P548, respectivamente. Los resultados indican que existe suficiente variabilidad genética para crecimiento en la población evaluada, lo que favorece el programa de selección por crecimiento.


A quantitative genetic study for birth weight (BW), weaning weight corrected at 205 days (WW205), and weight at 18 months corrected at 548 days (W548), was conducted in a Brahman herd located in the State of Cojedes, Venezuela, under a supervised genetic and environmental program. The records of 5137 animals born from 1996-2007 were analyzed. Components of covariance, genetic and non-genetic parameters were estimated through three univariate animal models, using the MTDFREML set of programs. All models included random effects, such as direct genetic additive, maternal genetic additive, and permanent environmental of the dam; and as a fixed effect, the contemporary group. The direct heritability indexes were 0.45, 0.20, and 0.34; and the maternal heritability indexes were 0.02, 0.13 and 0.04 for BW, WW205 and W548, respectively. All genetic additive direct-maternal correlations were positive. The estimates for the annual phenotypic trends were 0.285 for BW, 2.045 for WW205, and 0.503 for W548; respectively. The direct additive annual trends were 0.075 kg, 0.523 kg, and 1.072 kg for BW, WW205, and W548, respectively. The results of the investigation indicate the existence of enough genetic variability for growth in the evaluated population, which favors the selection program for growth.

8.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec ; 63(1): 143-152, Feb. 2011. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-582337

ABSTRACT

Foram estimados os coeficientes de herdabilidade e a mudança genética para peso à desmama (PD), peso ao sobreano (PS), ganho de peso do nascimento à desmama (GND), ganho de peso da desmama ao sobreano (GDS), perímetro escrotal (PE) e idade ao primeiro parto (IPP) em animais da raça Nelore. Foram utilizados dados de 128.148 animais nascidos entre 1984 e 2006. Os componentes de variância foram estimados pelo método da máxima verossimilhança restrita, e os valores genéticos foram preditos por modelos mistos aplicando-se modelo animal bicaracterística, incluindo peso à desmama em todas as análises. As tendências genéticas foram estimadas pela regressão dos valores genéticos sobre o ano de nascimento dos animais. Os coeficientes de herdabilidade do efeito direto estimados foram de 0,23 (0,07) (PD); 0,24 (0,02) (PS); 0,21 (0,01) (GND); 0,23 (0,01) (GDS); 0,46 (0,02) (PE) e 0,15 (0,01) (IPP). As tendências genéticas diretas estimadas foram de 0,171 (0,01); 0,219 (0,02); 0,186 (0,03) e 0,224 (0,02) kg/ano para PD, PS, GND e GDS, respectivamente, o que representa incrementos de 0,10; 0,08; 0,13 e 0,22 por cento nas médias das mesmas características ao ano, respectivamente. Para o PE e a IPP no período de 1984 a 1995, as tendências genéticas foram nulas, com valores de 0,011 (0,03) cm/ano e -0,003 (0,06) dias/ano, respectivamente. No segundo período considerado (1996 a 2006), as tendências genéticas para PE e IPP foram de 0,069 (0,01) cm/ano e -3,024 (0,04) dias/ano, respectivamente, indicando melhorias consideráveis em tais características. Esses valores sugerem que características produtivas e reprodutivas, quando utilizadas como critério de seleção, proporcionam progresso genético no rebanho, sendo indicadas para seleção de animais da raça Nelore.


The heritability coefficients and genetic trends for weaning weight (WW), post-yearling weight (PW), average gains from birth to weaning (GBW), average gains from weaning to post-yearling (GWP), scrotal circumference (SC), and age at first calving (AFC) were estimated in Nelore cattle. Variance components and heritability coefficients were estimated by restricted maximum likelihood and breeding values were predicted fitting bivariate animal models, always including weaning weight. Data from 128,148 animals born from 1984 to 2006 were used. Genetic trends for each trait were estimated by regression of breeding values on the animal birth year. Heritability estimates for direct effect were 0.23 (0.07) for WW; 0.24 (0.02) for PW; 0.21 (0.01) for GBW; 0.23 (0.01) for GWP; 0.46 (0.02) for SC; and 0.15 (0.01) for AFC. The direct genetic trends were 0.171 (0.01); 0.219 (0.02); 0.186 (0.03); and 0.224 (0.02) kg per year, for WW, PW, GBW, and GWP, respectively, corresponding to increases of 0.10, 0.08, 0.13, and 0.22 percent in the means of the same traits per year, respectively. In the first period (1984 to 1995), the SC and AFC genetic trends were null, with values of 0.011 (0.03) cm/year and -0.003 (0.06) days/year, respectively. Moreover, in the other period (1996 to 2006), the genetic trends of SC and AFC were 0.069 (0.01) cm/year and -3.024 (0.04) days/year, respectively. These values suggest that productive and reproductive traits, when used as selection criteria, result in genetic progress of the herd. Thus, they are indicated for selection of Nelore cattle.


Subject(s)
Animals , Cattle/classification , Genotype , Phenotype , Growth/physiology , Body Weight/physiology , Reproduction/physiology
9.
Rev. cient. (Maracaibo) ; 19(5): 522-532, sept.-oct. 2009. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-551218

ABSTRACT

Registros productivos de 1.097 pesos de corderos al nacimiento (PN), 543 pesos de corderos al destete (PD) y 543 ganancias diarias de peso predestete (GDP) fueron analizados con el objetivo de comparar la eficiencia productiva predestete de tres razas Pelibuey (P), Dorper (D), Katahdin (K) y dos cruces (PxD, PxK). Los registros productivos estudiados procedían de un rebaño localizado en Huimanguillo, Tabasco, México y correspondían al período enero 2001 y abril 2005. Las variables estudiadas fueron pesos de corderos al nacimiento, pesos de corderos al destete y ganancia diaria de peso predestete. El modelo final que describió el PN contempló los efectos fijos significativos de año (AN) de nacimiento (cinco clasificaciones, 2001 a 2005), grupo racial (P, D, K, PxD y PxK) dentro de año de nacimiento GR (AN), tipo de nacimiento (TN) único y doble, la interacción ANxTN, sexo del cordero (SX) hembra y macho, época climática de nacimiento (E) seca, lluvias y nortes. La edad al destete (EDEST) y PN se consideraron como variables continuas independientes en los análisis de PD y GDP predestete. Con excepción de E, todos los efectos principales afectaron (P<0,01) PN, PD y GDP. Época de nacimiento afectó (P<0,01) el PD. La interacción ANxTN afectó únicamente el PN (P<0,01). La eficiencia productiva predestete de Dorper y Katahdin fue mayor que la de los otros grupos raciales. El cruce PxD mostró un mayor PD (P<0,01) que la raza pura Pelibuey en los años 2001 y 2002. La GDP predestete fue mayor en este mismo grupo que el grupo P en el año 2001. La época de lluvias fue la peor, en términos de PD, con 15,4 kg. Los corderos de TN único y los de sexo macho tuvieron mejor eficiencia productiva que los corderos dobles y hembras. La edad al destete y el peso al nacimiento afectaron (P<0,01) el PD. Los coeficientes de regresión fueron de 0,023 ± 0,005 y 1,023 ± 0,315, respectivamente. Se concluye que bajo las condiciones del presente estudio, en el período...


Data from 1097 lambs’ birth weights (BW), 543 lambs’ weaning weights (WW) and 543 preweaning daily gain weight (DGW) were analyzed in order to compare preweaning performance of three breeds Pelibuey (P), Dorper (D), Katahdin (K) and two crosses (PxD, PxK). The variables studied were from a sheep farm at Huimanguillo, Tabasco, México and were collected from January 2001 until April 2005. The traits included lambs’ birth weights, lambs’ weaning weights and preweaning daily gain weight. The final model which describes BW included the fixed effects of birth year (BY) (five classifications, 2001 to 2005), breed group (P, D, K, PxD and PxK) within the birth year BG(BY), birth type (BT) (single and twin), interaction BYxBT, lambs sex (female and male) (SX), birth season (S) (dry, rainfall and rainfall and winds). Weaning age (WA) and BW were as considered as a continuous independent variable. With the exception of S, all the main effects affected (P<0.01) BW, WW and DGW. The interaction BYxBT affected only BW (P<0.01). Lambs PxD showed higher WW (P<0.01) than Pelibuey bred in years 2001 and 2002. DGW was higher in this group than P group in year 2001. The rainfall season was the worst in WW, with 15.4 kg. Single lambs and male lambs had better performance than twin lambs and female lambs. Weaning age and birth weight affecting WW. Regression coefficients were 0.023 ± 0.005 and 1.023 ± 0.315, respectively. In conclusión that under the present conditions, in the preweaning period, the hybrid breed group seems to be less important than others factors (for example: the weaning age, birth season and birth weight) as determinants of the weight at weaning. The Dorper and Katahdin breeds offer a viable alternative, considering the weight of the lambs at weaning in order to include them in systems of production in a humid, hot climate, such as pure breds or a Dorper x Pelibuey crossbreed.


Subject(s)
Animals , Birth Weight , Growth , Weaning , Veterinary Medicine
10.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec ; 61(3): 668-675, jun. 2009. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-519461

ABSTRACT

Avaliaram-se os efeitos da interação genótipo x ambiente sobre a característica peso à desmama em bovinos da raça Nelore. Foram analisados 45.697 registros de peso à desmama ajustados para 205 dias, originários de três fazendas. Estas foram organizadas em duplas e analisadas por meio de análises de características únicas, considerando cada dupla como um só rebanho. Em seguida, as mesmas duplas foram submetidas a análises de características múltiplas, em que o peso à desmama de cada fazenda foi considerado como característica distinta dentro de sua respectiva dupla. Os componentes de variância foram estimados por máxima verossimilhança restrita, utilizando-se o programa MTDFREML. Os coeficientes de correlação genética encontrados variaram de 0,79 a 1,00. Foram também estimadas as diferenças esperadas de progênies (DEPs), utilizando-se o mesmo programa computacional. Posteriormente, os touros foram ordenados conforme os valores de suas respectivas DEPs, selecionando-se os 30 por cento mais bem classificados. Com base nas DEPs, estimou-se a correlação momento-produto de Pearson para os animais selecionados em dois diferentes ambientes, de modo a verificar as diferenças de ordenação. As correlações de Pearson estenderam-se de 0,96 a 0,99, sugerindo pequeno ou nenhum efeito da interação genótipo x ambiente nos rebanhos incluídos neste estudo.


The effects of genotype x environment interaction on weaning weight in Nellore cattle were evaluated. A total of 45,697 records of weaning weight adjusted for 205 days obtained from three farms were analyzed. The farms were organized in pairs and analyzed by single-trait analysis, as if they were only one herd. Afterwards, the pairs were submitted to multiple-trait analyses, once the same trait was considered as a distinct trait in each farm. The variance components were estimated by Restricted Maximum Likelihood, using the program MTDFREML. The genetic correlation coefficients varied from 0.79 to 1.00. The Expected Progeny Differences (EPD) were estimated using de same computational program. Later, the sires were organized in accordance with their EPD, selecting the 30 percent best classified sires. Pearson's correlations were estimated among the EPD of animals selected in two different environments, in order to verify changes in their classification. The Pearson's correlations extended from 0.96 to 0.99, suggesting small or inexistent effect of genotype x environment interaction in the herds included in this study.


Subject(s)
Animals , Cattle , Environment , Body Weight/genetics , Retrospective Studies , Weaning , Brazil , Genotype
11.
Arq. ciênc. vet. zool. UNIPAR ; 12(1): 23-27, jan.-jun. 2009. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-558231

ABSTRACT

Os pesos ao nascer e à desmama em cordeiros são importantes para a atividade da ovinocultura. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o peso, do nascer até a desmama, de cordeiros da raça Suffolk e mestiços Suffolk x Hampshire Down na região Centro-Oeste do Brasil, em uma cabanha localizada no município de Campo Grande. Foram analisadas as pesagens, realizadas semanalmente, de 78 animais, sendo 30 da raça Suffolk e 48 mestiços Suffolk x Hampshire Down dentre os meses de maio e agosto do ano de 2006. Os cordeiros apresentaram, em média, 4,098 kg ao nascer e 16,881 kg ao desmame. A diferença média encontrada entre machos e fêmeas, para o conjunto das pesagens, foi de 495 gramas. Observou-se que a raça Suffolk foi superior aos mestiços, do nascer até o desmame, com diferença média de 0,957 kg. Concluiu-se que este cruzamento não é preconizado com vistas à produção de cordeiros mestiços para abate.


The weights at birth and weaning in lambs are important sheep farming. The objective of this study was to evaluate the weight from birth to weaning of Suffolk and Suffolk x Hampshire Down lambs in the Central West of Brazil in a Cabanha located in the municipality of Campo Grande. Weekly-held weighing of 78 animals, and 30 of the race Suffolk, 48 crossbred Suffolk x Hampshire among the months of May to August in the year 2006 were analyzed. The lambs had an average weight of 4.098 kg at birth and 16.881 kg at weaning. The average difference found between male and female in all weighings was of 495 grams. It was observed that Suffolk breed were superior to the crossbred, from birth to weaning, with an average difference of 0.957 kg. It was concluded that such crossbreeding is not recommended for the production of crossbred lambs for slaughter.


Los pesos al nacer y al destete en corderos es importante para la ovinocultura. El objetivo de esta investigación fue evaluar el peso, del nacer hasta el destete, en corderos de la raza Suffolk y mestizos Suffolk x Hampshire Down en la región Centro-Oeste de Brasil, en una cabaña en el municipio de Campo Grande. Se analizaron los pesos, semanalmente, de 78 animales, siendo 30 de la raza Suffolk y 48 mestizos Suffolk x Hampshire Down entre los meses de mayo a agosto del año de 2006. Los corderos presentaron, en media, 4,098 Kg. al nacer y 16,881 Kg. al destete. La diferencia promedia encontrada entre machos y hembras, para el conjunto de pesajes, fue de 495 gramos. Se observó que la raza Suffolk fue superior a los mestizos, del nacer hasta el destete, con diferencia promedia de 0.957 kg. Se concluyó que esta cruza no es recomendada con el fin de producir corderos mestizos para corte.


Subject(s)
Animals , Weight Gain , Sheep/growth & development , Biometry , Birth Weight
12.
Biosci. j. (Online) ; 24(1)Jan.-Mar. 2008.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-482735

ABSTRACT

Este estudo foi desenvolvido com o objetivo de avaliar as fontes de variação que interferem no índice fertilidade real (FR) e o efeito do ambiente no intervalo de partos (IDP) de vacas Nelore PO criadas em sistema extensivo de produção na região Centro-Oeste do Brasil. Os dados analisados foram ordem de parto (OP), idade ao parto(IP), peso ao nascimento do bezerro (PN), peso à desmama (PD), ano e mês do parto (AP, MP) e sexo do bezerro (SB) de546 vacas, calculando-se o IDP e fixando-se o efeito aleatório da mãe (EAM). IDP e PD foram utilizados para calcular o índice de fertilidade real. O IDP médio de 452,68 ± 117,10 dias foi influenciado (P<0,05) pela ordem de parto, idade aoparto, peso ao nascer e efeito aleatório da mãe. A FR média de 148,6 ± 34,5kg sofreu influência (P<0,05) de ano e mês do parto, ordem de parto, sexo do bezerro e idade da mãe.


This study was designed to evaluate the variation sources that interfere in the true fertility indexand the effect of herd environment in the calving interval of Nelore P.O. cows raised in extensive production systems inMiddle-West of Brazil, without breeding season. The analyzed data were parity order (OP), calving age (IP), calf birthweight (PN), weaning weight (PD), calving year and month (AP, MP) and calf sex (SB) of 546 cows, calculating the calving interval (IDP) and fixing the aleatory effect of mother (EAM). IDP and PD were used to calculate the index oftrue fertility (FR). IDP (452,68±117,10 days) was influenced (P <0,05) by OP, IP, PN and EAM. FR average(148,6±34,5kg) was influenced (P <0,05) by AP, MP, OP, S and IM.


Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Cattle , Birth Weight , Fertility , Parturition , Reproduction
13.
Rev. cient. (Maracaibo) ; 16(3): 288-296, mayo 2006. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-630962

ABSTRACT

Para evaluar el crecimiento predestete de las hembras bovinas de reemplazo incorporadas al Programa de Medicina de la Producción y Control Reproductivo, se analizaron 2.511 datos pertenecientes a 18 fincas de doble propósito ubicadas en la Cuenca del Lago de Maracaibo, estado Zulia, Venezuela. Se midió el efecto de la zona (El Laberinto, Perijá, Costa Oriental, Sur del Lago), predominio racial (Holstein, Pardo Suizo, Brahman, Carora), sistema de manejo: mejorado (SM) y tradicional (ST) y la época de nacimiento (enero-marzo, abril-junio, julio-septiembre, octubre-diciembre) sobre la edad (ED), peso (PD) y ganancia diaria de peso (GDP) al destete y sus interacciones. Los datos se analizaron con el procedimiento lineal general del paquete estadístico SAS. Las becerras en los SM presentaron ED y PD de 9,7 ± 0,1 m y 162,2 ± 1,1 kg, siendo GDP superior en 11,8% (54, 9 g/d) a los ST (P < 0,001). La zona Perijá mostró la menor ED (9,3 ± 0,2 m) y un mayor PD (179,0 ± 0,9 kg) (P < 0,001). La interacción predominio racial × zona (P < 0,001) y por sistema (P < 0,001) afectaron el PD, siendo más elevada en las Pardo Suizo en Perijá y en El Laberinto (184,3 ± 2,2 kg y 168,9 ± 2,9 kg), a la vez que la interacción época de nacimiento x zona afectó (P < 0,01) ED, PD y GDP. La relación ambiente-genotipo en la expresión del crecimiento, mostró ser significativa y variable, por lo cual es indispensable considerar el manejo y el control del crecimiento para optimizar el futuro desempeño reproductivo y productivo de las hembras bovinas.


Pre-weaning growth of bovine female replacements incorporated to the Medicine Production and Reproductive Control Program was evaluated. A total of 2,511 data from 18 dual purpose farms, located on the basin of the Maracaibo Lake, at Zulia state, Venezuela, was analyzed. The effect of zone (El Laberinto, Perija, Costa Oriental del Lago, Sur del Lago), breed predominance (Holstein, Brown Swiss, Brahman, Carora), management system: improved (SM) and traditional (ST) and birth season (January-March, April-June, July-September, October-December) on age (ED), weight (PD) and daily weight gain (GDP) at weaning, as well as, its interactions were studied. For statistical analysis, Proc GLM of SAS software was used. In SM, the ED and PD were 9.7 ± 0.1 m and, 162.2 ± 1.1 kg, with GDP 11.8% (54.9 g/d) higher than in ST (P < 0.001). Perija zone had lower ED (9.3 ± 0.2 m) and higher PD (179.0 ± 0.9 kg) (P < 0.001). Both breed predominance x zone (P < 0.001) and breed predominance x management system interactions (P < 0.001) affected PD, been higher in Brown Swiss in Perija and El Laberinto (184.3 ± 2.2 kg. and 168.9 ± 2.9 kg). Also, season of birth x zone interaction, affected ED, PD and GDP (P < 0.001). The environment-genotype relationship had an influence on growth that showed to be significant and of great variability. Therefore, it is relevant to consider management and control of growth to optimize reproductive and productive performance of bovine females.

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