Subject(s)
Primary Health Care , Health Programs and Plans , Chile , Climate , Remote Areas , Health Services AccessibilityABSTRACT
The success of the pesticide application is subject to meteorological conditions. The objective of this work was to determine the application windows suitable for carrying out the application of pesticides, using as parameters the analysis of historical data (2009-2014) of air temperature, relative air humidity, wind speed, and rainfall of Uberlândia-MG. With an electronic spreadsheet, and using the ideal meteorological conditions for applying pesticides (an air temperature above 30°C, relative air humidity above 55%, wind speed between 3 and 12 km h-1, and rainfall data lower than 0.2 mm h-1) as a parameter, the data were crossed with the aim to determine the times of day that weather conditions were ideal to obtain better efficiency in the application. According to the results, the relative air humidity was the main restricting criterion for the application windows, which are concentrated, on average, between 18:00 and 12:00 in the summer, and between 24:00 and 9:00 in the winter. The number of viable hours for a good application varied from 35 in the first fortnight of September to 198 in the second fortnight of March, demonstrating the great variability among the application windows throughout the year, which makes the generic recommendations of spraying time inadequate if the month of the year is not taken into consideration.
O sucesso das aplicações de produtos fitossanitários está condicionado às condições meteorológicas. Com este trabalho objetivou-se determinar as janelas de aplicação adequadas para a realização das aplicações de produtos fitossanitários, tendo como parâmetros a análise dos dados históricos da temperatura e umidade relativa do ar, velocidade do vento e ocorrência de chuva, para a região de Uberlândia-MG, no período de 2009 a 2014. Com o auxílio de uma planilha eletrônica, e tendo como parâmetro as condições meteorológicas ideais para a realização das aplicações de fitossanitários (temperatura abaixo de 30°C, umidade relativa acima de 55%, velocidade do vento entre 3 e 12 km h-1 e dados de pluviosidade menores que 0,2 mm h-1), fez-se o cruzamento dos dados com o intuito de verificar em quais horas do dia as quatro condições climáticas estavam dentro dos intervalos recomendados para se ter uma melhor eficiência nas aplicações. De acordo com os resultados, pôde-se concluir que a umidade relativa do ar foi o critério principal de restrição para as janelas de aplicação, que estão concentradas, em média, entre as 18 h e 12 h no verão, e entre as 24 h e 9 h no inverno. O número de horas viáveis para uma boa aplicação variou de 35 na primeira quinzena de setembro a 198 na segunda quinzena de março, demonstrando a grande variabilidade das janelas de aplicação ao longo do ano, o que torna as recomendações genéricas de horário para pulverização inadequadas se não for levado em consideração o mês do ano.
Subject(s)
Pesticides , Temperature , Evaporation , Pest Control , Wind , HumidityABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Weather conditions are thought to increase the risk of stroke occurrence. But their mechanism has not yet been clarified. We investigated possible relationships between ischemic stroke and weather conditions including atmospheric pressure, temperature, relative humidity, and wind speed. METHODS: One hundred and twenty-eight patients with ischemic stroke who had been admitted to our hospital between January 1 and December 31, 2010 were enroled in this study. We investigated the relationship between daily cases and weather conditions the same day or 1, 2, and 3 days before stroke. RESULTS: A negative correlation was found between maximum wind speed and daily cases 3 days before stroke. As the relationship between daily cases and changes of weather conditions in consecutive days was evaluated, a negative correlation was found between daily cases and change of atmospheric pressure in the last 24 hours. CONCLUSIONS: The maximum wind speed 3 days before stroke and change of atmospheric pressure in the last 24 hours were found to increase the cases of ischemic stroke. We recommend that individuals at risk of ischemic stroke should pay more attention to preventive measures, especially on days with low maximum wind speed, on subsequent 3 days, and on days with low atmospheric pressure in the last 24 hours.