ABSTRACT
Background A healthy diet in a college student life is critical to ensure their normal growth, study anddevelopment.Aim In order to accurately assess the dietary pattern of college students and guide it, our study aims to evaluatethe validity of instant photography as an alternative dietary assessment method in college students.Methods Nine participants were enrolled and given a presentation on dietary assessment methods, includingweighing, 24-hour recall, and instant photography. The participants took pictures of their foods from three anglesbefore and after eating for constant seven days, foods weighing was completed by others. Then, the participantsrecalled the foods’ weights after 24 hours. Two trained observers estimated food weight from the digital images(n = 285) gathered at the end of the study with the aid of Chinese food atlas reference.Results Instant photograph showed significant correlation with weighing method on food weights of grains,tubers, vegetables, fruits, meat and eggs (all P ≤ 0.01). 24-hour method had similar correlation with weighingmethod on food weights except fruits. Compared with 24-hour recall, instant photograph displayedunderestimation on weights of grains, tubers, vegetables, and meat. However, instant photograph had moreaccurate estimations on weights of fruits and egg. Furthermore, compared with nutrients data from weighingmethod, both instant photography and 24-hour recall methods showed promising estimations on the amounts ofenergy, protein, fat, carbohydrate, vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin E, calcium, iron and zinc (all P < 0.001). Comparedwith 24-hour recall, instant photograph displayed underestimation on the amounts of energy, protein, fat,carbohydrate, vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin E, zinc. However, instant photograph had a more accurate estimationon calcium.
ABSTRACT
Using Dachengqi Tang (DCQT) as a model, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) fingerprints were applied to optimize machine extracting process with the Box–Behnken experimental design. HPLC fingerprints were carried out to investigate the chemical ingredients of DCQT; synthetic weighing method based on analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and criteria importance through intercriteria correlation (CRITIC) was performed to calculate synthetic scores of fingerprints; using the mark ingredients contents and synthetic scores as indicators, the Box–Behnken design was carried out to optimize the process parameters of machine decocting process under high pressure for DCQT. Results of optimal process showed that the herb materials were soaked for 45 min and extracted with 9 folds volume of water in the decocting machine under the temperature of 140 1C till the pressure arrived at 0.25 MPa;then hot decoction was excreted to soak Dahuang and Mangxiao for 5 min. Finally, obtained solutions were mixed, filtrated and packed. It concluded that HPLC fingerprints combined with the Box–Behnken experimental design could be used to optimize extracting process of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM).
ABSTRACT
Objective To explore the clinic value of blood loss during and after cesarean section in women with scarred uterus. Methods From July 2007 to December 2008, thirty-six women with scarred uterus received weighing methods to evaluate the actual blood loss during and after cesarean section in Yuhuangding hospital, while 98 cases without pregnant complications were chosen as control. Results In women with scarred uterus, the blood loss during operation Was (372.4 ± 180.0) ml, and the total amount after 2 hours and 24 hours were (444.7± 228.2) ml and (527.4 ±251.6) ml respectively, which were higher than corresponding values in control group (P < 0. 05). The incidence of postpartum hemorrhage in scarred uterus was 47.2%, higher than that in control group (P < 0. 05). There were no significant differences between two groups in the tests of hemoglobin and coagulation functions (P > 0. 05). Conclusions Scarred uterus may be one of the important reasons which lead to postpartum hemorrhage. The clinical treatment of pregnant women with scarred uterus should focus on the prevention of blood loss during the cesarean section.