A Comparative study of infant rearing patterns under the supervision of welfare institutions / 公共卫生与预防医学

Objective To explore the best way of rearing children guarded by welfare  in stitutions. Methods Grouping the rearing methods into two categories randomly, traditional orphanages and foster care, then using their height, weight, Gesell development schedules and Ages and Stages Questionnaires-Third Edition to compare their physical development, psychological health, behaviour, and cognition progress from the data collected when they were 12 months old in both categories. Results For children between age 0.5 month to 1.5 month old,  by comparing the data collected when they were 12 month old,  the study found that there was no statistical difference in physical development between these two groups of children in main indicators of height (t=0.94, P=0.349>0.05) and weight(t=1.843, P=0.068>0.05).  However, children in family foster care shown advantage in area of motor ability(t =2.102, P=0.037<0.05) ,  gross motor skill (t=2.566, P=0.011<0.05), fine motor skill (t=2.825,P=0.005<0.01), which had statistical significance. Foster care children also shown big advantage in area of cognitive ability (t=2.479 ,P=0.014<0.05), behaviour(t=2.535，P=0.012＜0.05), problem resolving ability(t=3.241, P=0.001<0.01), personal-social(t=3.173，P=0.001<0.01), the differences were statistically significant. Especially for verbal ability, foster care children had significant advantage in both measurements (t=6.329、4.886，P=0.000<0.01).  Conclusion Family foster care should be chosen as much as possible in rearing children whose guardians are welfare institutions.

Correlation study between hope and depression with the elderly in a welfare institution in Henan Xingyang city / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective To investigate the status of the level of hope and depression with the elderly in a welfare institution in Henan Xingyang city,and to explore the relationship between them. Methods A total number of 200 elderly people were recruited conveniently from a welfare institution in Henan Xingyang city. They were investigated by General Material Questionnaire, Herth Hope Scale and Geriatric Depression Scale. Results The total score of hope and depression with the elderly in a welfare institution were (21.28±3.07) , (13.15±2.77) points respectively, the depression detection rate was 82.38%(159/193);the level of hope was negatively related with depression (r=-0.447,P<0.01). Conclusions The hope of the elderly in welfare institution is not optimistic,and the depression detection rate is high,the level of hope is positively related with their depression,so we should take effective measures to improve their mental health according to the emotional state to give emotional care and improve the level of their hope.

Factors Influencing on the Job Satisfaction and the Turnover Intention of Dietitians Working in the Institutions for the Disabled in Korea : Focused on the General Characteristics and the Job Burnout / 대한지역사회영양학회지

The purpose of this study is to investigate how certain factors - especially dietitians' general characteristics and job burnout - influence their job satisfaction and turnover intention. The survey was conducted during the period from September 7th to October 15th of 2006. A total of 91 institutions (response rate 74.6%) was analyzed by using SPSS (windows ver. 14.0). A majority of the respondents were females (97.8%) and 30 years or older (66.0%). Among the job burnout dimensions, exhaustion (2.78 +/- 0.07) was rated higher than cynicism (2.62 +/- 0.06), while the professional efficacy level (3.55 +/- 0.05) was relatively high. The dietitians were more satisfied with co-workers (3.73 +/- 0.07) and work (3.41 +/- 0.06) than with pay (2.66 +/- 0.07) and promotion (2.32 +/- 0.07). The work dimension of job satisfaction was negatively correlated with exhaustion and cynicism dimensions of job burnout, and turnover intention (P < 0.001), but positively correlated with professional efficacy dimension (P < 0.001). The supervision dimension was negatively correlated with cynicism (P < 0.05) and turnover intention (P < 0.001), but positively correlated with professional efficacy dimension (P < 0.01). The co-workers dimension was positively correlated with professional efficacy dimension (P < 0.01). The pay dimension was negatively correlated with exhaustion (P < 0.001) and cynicism (P < 0.01) dimensions and turnover intention (P < 0.001). The promotion dimension was negatively correlated with cynicism (P < 0.01). The turnover intention was positively correlated with exhaustion and cynicism dimensions of job burnout (P < 0.001). A hierarchical regression analysis revealed that i) professional efficacy was a factor to significantly increase job satisfaction, ii) cynicism to significantly decrease their job satisfaction, and iii) exhaustion to significantly increase turnover intention.

Foodservice Management and Food Sanitation Management in the Welfare Institutions for the Disabled in Korea / 대한지역사회영양학회지

The purpose of this study was to investigate the characteristics of the foodservice management practices, the equipment ratio of sanitary facility/equipment, and dietitians' perceptions of (i) the barriers to sanitary management and (ii) the sanitary management performance level in the welfare institutions for the disabled in Korea. The survey was conducted during the period from September 7 to October 15, 2006. A total of 91 institutions (response rate 74.6%) were analyzed by using SPSS (windows ver. 14.0). The average number of meals served per day per an institution was 379. The majority (93.4%) of dietitians made decisions in procurement. The major part of the purchase was made through private contract. The factors affecting menu planning were nutrition, food preference, and cost, in the order of importance. Among the food items, fruits were infrequently served, while protein source foods and green leaf vegetables were almost daily served. The equipment ratio of sanitary facilities/equipment was 45%, which was relatively low. Most dietitians perceived 'limited availability of facilities and equipment'and 'the lack of support from financing department'as the major barriers in implementing a desirable sanitary system. Sanitary management performance in 'the food ingredient'was perceived as the lowest, while that in 'the uniform'showed the highest. The results of this study suggest that a proper supporting program on securing the facility/equipment and adequately trained employees are needed for successful sanitary management. Also, a more frequent supply of fruits for the disabled is recommended.

The Efficacy of Kampo Medicine as a Prophylactic Way to Influenza Virus Type A Infection in an Epidemic Season of 2004/05 / 日本東洋医学雑誌

We retrospectively investigated the prevalence of influenza virus type A infection and the efficacy of Kampo medicine as a prophylactic for handicapped residents at our social welfare institution, during the 2004/5 flu season. Upon studying a nationwide surveillance report for said season, we supposed that it had been difficult to prevent mass infection at our welfare institution with the usual preventive methods, because type B had prevailed for most of the season, and because of the differing type A (AH 3) antigenicity which prevailed late-season, for which there were no type A vaccines.43 of 90 (47.8%) residents given flu vaccinations twice, and 25 of 110 (22.7%) of staff members given flu vaccinations once contracted type A influenza between March and May of 2005. Interestingly, residents who had been administered Hozai for either short-term health problems or chronic disease, demonstrated a low influenza prevalence, there being a statistically significant difference (p<0.05) between our “Hozai” and “non-Hozai” groups. Furthermore Juzentaihoto, known to enhance immune function, seemed beneficial because of its low associated morbidity rate, and only 2 of 8 residents administered it contracted flu. No difference was observed, however, between generalized “Kampo treatment” and “non-Kampo treatment” groups.We consider that certain Kampo medicines may be useful for the prevention of influenza infection, in institutionalized handicapped residents with short-term health problems. Immunological enhancements, and the influence of Hozai are discussed here.

Anthropometric and Nutrition Status of Institutional Children / 대한지역사회영양학회지

This study was designed to investigate the malnutrition rate with anthropometric indices for the nutrient intake of 74 children aged 4-12 years old in three child welfare institutions in Cheonan city. The average heights and weights of the children are much lower than the Korean average height and weight. The mean BMI is 17.0+/-1.53. In terms of heighter-for-age, 16.0% of the samples beong to below -2 standard deviation from the mean of the reference group. In terms of weight-for-age, 16.0% of the children belong to below -2 standard deviation. In terms of weight-for-height, 4.0% of the children belong to below -2 standard deviation. The standard deviation scores(Wt/Age, Ht/Age) indicate negative signs for seventy to eighty percent of the children. This is due to the lower consumption of the important nutrients that children consumed and almost all nutrients much less than the recommended daily allowances. Special nutrition welfare policies and programs targetings child welfare institutions should be developed to provide adequate nutrition for children in residential care.