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Wilson's disease （WD） is a copper metabolism disorder caused by mutations in the ATP7B gene， with diverse phenotypes and complex pathogenesis. It is one of the few rare diseases that can achieve good clinical efficacy through standardized treatment. Since there are few systematic reviews of this disease， we summarize the pathogenesis and treatment methods of WD from traditional Chinese and western medicine by reviewing the literature related to WD. In western medicine， ATP7B gene mutation is considered as the root cause of WD， which affects copper transport and causes copper metabolism disorders. The excessive copper deposited in the body will result in oxidative stress， defects in mitochondrial function， and cell death. Western medicine treatment of WD relies mainly on drugs， and copper antagonists are the first choice in clinical practice， which are often combined with hepatoprotective and antioxidant therapy. Surgery is a common therapy for the patients with end-stage WD， and gene therapy provides an option for WD patients. According to the traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） theory， WD is rooted in constitutional deficiency and copper accumulation and triggered by dampness-heat accumulation or phlegm combined with stasis. The patient syndrome varies in different stages of the disease， and thus the treatment should be based on syndrome differentiation. The TCM treatment method of nourishing the liver and kidneys and warming the spleen and kidneys can address the root cause. The methods of clearing heat and drying dampness， resolving phlegm and dispelling stasis， and soothing liver and regulating qi movement can be adopted to treat symptoms. On the basis of syndrome differentiation， special prescriptions for the treatment of WD have been formulated， such as Gandou decoction， Gandouling， and Gandou Fumu decoction， which have been widely used in clinical practice. TCM and western medicine have their own advantages and shortcomings. The integrated Chinese and western medicine complementing with each other demonstrates great therapeutic potential. This paper summarizes the pathogenesis and treatment of WD with integrated Chinese and western medicine， aiming to provide a reference for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of this disease.
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By combing the application and funding situation of general， young scholar and regional scholar programs from National Natural Science Foundation of China（NSFC） in field of integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine in 2023， this paper summarizes the distribution of supporting units， application and funding hotspots， and the problems of application and funding projects in this discipline， in order to provide a reference for applicants and supporting organizations to understand the hotspot dynamics and reporting requirements of the discipline. In 2023， the discipline of integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine received a total of 2 793 applications， and there were 1 254 applications for general programs， 1 278 applications for young scholar programs， and 261 applications for regional scholar programs. The amounts of project funding obtained by the three were 145， 164 and 35， respectively， and the funding rates were 11.56%， 12.83% and 13.41% in that order. From the situation of obtaining funding， the age distribution of the project leaders who obtained funding for the general， young scholar and regional scholar programs were mainly distributed in the age of 40-46， 30-34， 38-44 years， respectively. Within the supported programs， the Chinese medicine affiliations accounted for 55.52%. With respect to research subjects， the proportion of one single Chinese herbs， or monomers， or extracts accounted for 29.4%， but the proportion of Chinese herb pairs or prescriptions accounted for 47.1%. Research hotspots included ferroptosis， bile acid metabolism， macrophages， mitochondria， microglia， exosomes， intestinal flora， microecology and so on. The current research mainly focused on the common key problems of the advantageous diseases of Chinese and western integrative medicine， but still need to be improved in the basic theories of Chinese and western medicine and multidisciplinary cross-disciplinary research.
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Fibromyalgia syndrome （FMS） is a refractory， chronic non-articular rheumatic disease characterized by widespread pain throughout the body， for which there are no satisfactory therapeutic drugs or options. There are rich Chinese medical therapies， and some non-drug therapies， such as acupuncture， Tai Chi， and Ba-Duan-Jin， have shown satisfactory efficacy and safety and definite advantages of simultaneously adjusting mind and body. FMS is taken as a disease responding specifically to traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） by the National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine in 2018. In order to clarify the research progress in FMS and the clinical advantages of TCM/integrated Chinese and Western medicine， the China Academy of Chinese Medicine organized a seminar for nearly 20 experts in Chinese and Western medicine， including rheumatology， psychology， acupuncture and moxibustion， and encephalopathy， with the topic of difficulties in clinical diagnosis and treatment of FMS and advantages of TCM and Western medicine. The recommendations were reached on the difficulties in early diagnosis and solutions of FMS， mitigation of common non-specific symptoms， preferential analgesic therapy， TCM pathogenesis and treatment advantages， and direction of treatment with integrated Chinese and Western medicine. FMS is currently facing the triple dilemma of low early correct diagnosis， poor patient participation， and unsatisfactory benefit from pure Western medicine treatment. To solve the above problems， this paper suggests that rheumatologists should serve as the main diagnostic force of this disease， and they should improve patient participation in treatment decision-making， implement exercise therapy， and fully utilize the holistic and multidimensional features of TCM， which is effective in alleviating pain， improving mood， and decreasing adverse events. In addition， it is suggested that FMS treatment should rely on both TCM and Western medicine and adopt multidisciplinary joint treatment， which is expected to improve the standard of diagnosis and treatment of FMS in China.
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At present， there is no consensus on the diagnosis， treatment， and management of pulmonary nodules with integrated traditional Chinese and Western Medicine in China. To establish the clinical management strategy of pulmonary nodules with integrated medicine， a consensus was formed after full discussion by the experts from the Cancer Committee of Chinese Association of Integrative Medicine and the Cancer Committee of Beijing Association of Chinese Medicine according to the guidelines for pulmonary nodules issued in recent years and the clinical practice of multiple hospitals in the treatment of cancers with integrated Chinese and Western medicine. This consensus involves the existing clinical management guidelines of pulmonary nodules and the intervention methods of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）. Considering the therapeutic positioning and value of TCM， this consensus standardizes the whole-process management of pulmonary nodules with integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine， which will help more patients.
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Postpartum lochia （PL） is an abnormal postpartum retrogression disease characterized by persistent bloody lochia lasting for more than 10 days. The pathogenesis of traditional Chinese and western medicine is complex，and the mechanism of drug action is not yet clear. The author summarized the pathogenesis and drug action mechanism of postpartum lochia from the perspectives of traditional Chinese and Western medicine by reviewing relevant domestic and foreign research in recent years. It was found that the basic pathogenesis of this disease is the imbalance of Chong Ren Qi and blood，multiple deficiency and multiple stasis. Commonly used drugs are divided into single traditional Chinese medicine and traditional Chinese medicine compound formulas and their preparations. By regulating the transcription and expression of related factors through multiple targets and pathways，it promotes uterine contraction，regulates collagen metabolism Regulating the expression of hormones and their receptors，promoting vascular regeneration，regulating cell apoptosis，proliferation and differentiation，downregulating inflammatory response，maintaining blood coagulation balance，and affecting energy metabolism in the body can promote postpartum recovery. Western medicine is often associated with mechanisms such as incomplete uterine involution，residual tissue，and intrauterine infections. The treatment mainly involves the combination of uterine contractions and antibiotics，with a single mode of action and mechanism. Therefore，traditional Chinese medicine has obvious and concrete advantages in treatment. This article aims to review the etiology and pathogenesis of postpartum lochia in traditional Chinese and western medicine，as well as drug treatment. It aims to construct the relationship between its pathogenesis and mechanism of action，providing reference for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of this disease and drug research and development.
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Cardiometabolic disease （CMD） is a clinical syndrome in which there is a causal relationship between metabolic abnormalities and cardiovascular damage. The incidence and mortality rates of CMD remain high despite the use of potent pharmacologic interventions and clinical therapeutic approaches. There is an urgent need for effective evidence-based comprehensive management measures to improve patients' lifespan and quality of life. From the concept of "nourishing through food" proposed in the Huangdi's Internal Classic （Huang Di Nei Jing） to the widespread application of modern dietary patterns such as dietary restriction， plant-based diets， and Jiangnan cuisine， dietary regulation plays a significant role in preventing diseases， early treatment of existing diseases， and recovery. This article systematically reviewed the traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） theory related to dietary patterns， elucidated the cutting-edge evidence and mechanisms of modern dietary patterns like dietary restriction in preventing and treating CMD， and explored the strategy of integrating TCM theory with dietary patterns， aiming to establish a new food-nutrition-medicine approach that combines traditional Chinese and western medicine and provide novel insights and directions for the clinical management of CMD.
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With the development of modern society, the incidence rate of cervicogenic headache (CEH) in the population is younger and increasing year by year. CEH is a common and unique form of headache, characterized by inflammation or physiological changes in cervical structures such as bones, intervertebral discs, or soft tissues, resulting in chronic, unilateral head pain as the main manifestation of the syndrome. The nature of pain often manifests as involving pain. The combination of traditional Chinese and western medicine in the treatment of CEH has gradually become a research hotspot in this field. This article reviews recent domestic and foreign literature on CEH and reviews the latest research progress of traditional Chinese and western medicine treatment in cervical headache.
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Objective:To investigate the application effect of the blended teaching model of "intelligent teaching" and "wisdom learning" in the practice teaching of integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine in internal medicine.Methods:According to the principle of randomization, 54 interns in Class 1 of integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine in the grade of 2019 were selected as control group and received traditional teaching, and 56 interns in Class 2 were selected as observation group and received blended teaching with "intelligent teaching" and "wisdom learning". After 6 months of internship, the two groups were compared in terms of the scores of theoretical assessment (basic theoretical knowledge and professional theoretical knowledge), clinical practice ability [Leicester Assessment Package (LAP)], and degree of satisfaction with teaching. SPSS 17.0 was used to perform the t-test and the chi-square test. Results:At the end of internship, compared with the control group, the observation group had significantly higher score of basic theoretical knowledge (41.53±3.42 vs. 38.71±3.38, P<0.05), score of professional theoretical knowledge (39.49±3.14 vs. 37.85±3.07, P<0.05), LAP score (84.32±6.65 vs. 78.46±6.17, P<0.05), and degree of satisfaction with teaching ( P<0.05). Conclusion:For interns majoring in integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine, the blended teaching model of "intelligent teaching" and "wisdom learning" can strengthen their mastery of theoretical knowledge, enhance their clinical practice ability, and improve their degree of satisfaction with teaching.
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Liver transplant patients require lifelong immunotherapy， and if they are infected by SARS-Cov-2， their immune function will face double whammy. This report described the integrated approach of traditional Chinese and western medicine in the treatment of a liver transplant patient with severe COVID-19. The treatment was involved with western medicine such as antiviral， immunosuppressive， focusing on maintaining immune balance. Traditional Chinese medicine was given based on the differentiation of syndromes， targeting at the core pathogenesis and using methods such as promoting qi circulation， clearing heat and resolving dampness， draining lung and relieving panting. Following the treatment， the patient exhibited notable improvement in clinical symptoms and liver function， leading to the effective cessation of disease progression and a shortened recovery period.
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Cholestatic liver disease is a common disease of the hepatobiliary system. Its etiology and pathogenesis are complex. The establishment of an appropriate animal model of cholestatic liver disease is the basis for further study of its pathogenesis and prevention. This study summarized the existing modeling methods， mechanisms， and characteristics of this model， and analyzed its alignment with the clinical disease and syndrome characteristics of integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine based on the modern clinical diagnostic criteria and traditional Chinese medicine syndrome characteristics of cholestatic liver disease， so as to provide a reference for establishing standard animal models and evaluation methods for cholestatic liver disease that accord better with the clinical practice of integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine.
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Liver cirrhosis （LC） is the terminal pathological stage of various chronic liver diseases and is characterized by chronic inflammation， diffuse fibrosis， pseudolobular formation， and portal-systemic collateral circulation， which belongs to the category of jaundice， hypochondriac pain， and abdominal distension in traditional Chinese medicine. At present， there is still a lack of specific clinical treatment methods， and integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine therapy can effectively delay the progression of LC. Based on the principle of evidence-based medicine and with reference to the summary of recent clinical practice and the latest guidelines and expert consensus published in China and globally， the guidelines in this article are formed by objectively evaluating the evidence of integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine diagnosis and treatment of LC and extensively soliciting the opinions of experts in the fields of traditional Chinese medicine， clinical medicine， and clinical epidemiology， so as to provide a reference for integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine diagnosis and treatment of LC in clinical practice.
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It is the current confusion encountered by integrated Chinese and Western medicine that how to find the breakthrough direction of integrating Chinese and Western medicine， from crossover to integration to innovation， and open up a new horizon of integrated Chinese and Western medicine. The progress of Chinese medicine lay in expanding the scope of diagnosis and treatment with the help of modern diagnostic and therapeutic equipments and developing “micro” identification， while the progress of Western medicine lay in looking at “macro” and developing systemic medicine and integrated medicine， both of which are in the direction of each other. The “state-target identification and treatment” may become an important way to build a modern diagnosis and treatment system of integrated Chinese and Western medicine， and the thinking mode of “from target to state” is a further refinement and development on the basis of the theoretical system of “state-target identification and treatment”， which provided a clearer solution for the current stage of the integrated Chinese and Western medicine model， and pointed out the important development direction for the future integrated Chinese and Western medicine. From the perspective of strategic level and diagnosis and treatment practice， it integrated the “target-state” thinking mode into the modern diagnosis and treatment model of the integrated Chinese and Western medicine， i.e.， “Western medicine as the basis and treating with Chinese medicine； Chinese medicine as the basis and treating with Western medicine”. On the one hand， Western medicine should strengthen the reference to the traditional theories and holism of Chinese medicine， and advocate a higher level of education on the integrated Chinese and Western medicine under the guidance of the traditional theories of Chinese medicine. On the other hand， the “from target to state” mode of thinking should be applied to guide the establishment of diagnostic and treatment strategies and clinical selection of medicines in clinical practice， so as to locate the target and adjust the body state in a gradual and orderly manner， and to provide practical methods for the modern clinical work of the integrated Chinese and Western medicines. Chinese and Western medicine systems can learn from each other， combine organically， give full play to their respective strengths， and form an internal law， so as to make breakthroughs and innovations in the integrated Chinese and Western medicine model.
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AIM: To analyze the efficacy and safety of safflor yellow injection combined with anti-vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)drug in the treatment of non-ischemic central retinal vein occlusion(CRVO).METHODS: A total of 91 patients(91 eyes)with non-ischemic CRVO complicated with macular edema who were treated in the Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanchang University from April 2017 to December 2021 were selected. They were randomly divided into observation group, with 47 cases(47 eyes)treated with safflor yellow injection combined with intravitreal injections of ranibizumab, and control group with 44 cases(44 eyes)who were treated with intravitreal injections of ranibizumab. Followed-up for 11mo, the best corrected visual acuity(BCVA)and macular central retinal thickness(CRT)of the two groups were observed and the cases of complete absorption of retinal hemorrhage, the times of anti-VEGF drug injections, the cases of ischemic CRVO, and the occurrence of systemic or ocular complications were recorded.RESULTS: At 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 9 and 11mo after treatment, the BCVA and CRT in both groups were significantly improved compared with those before treatment, and BCVA and CRT in the observation group were superior to the control group at 3, 5, 7, 9 and 11mo after treatment(all P<0.05). At 5, 7, 9 and 11mo after treatment, the complete absorption rate of retinal hemorrhage in the observation group was higher than that in the control group(P<0.05). During the follow-up period, the anti-VEGF drug injection in the observation group was significantly less than that in the control group(4.83±1.05 vs. 5.75±1.01, P<0.05), and the incidence of ischemic CRVO was significantly lower than that in the control group(21% vs. 86%, P<0.05), and there were no treatment-related systemic and ocular complications in both groups.CONCLUSION: Safflor yellow injection combined with anti-VEGF drugs is a safe and effective method for the treatment of non-ischemic CRVO, which can significantly improve vision and reduce CRT. It can increase the complete absorption rate of retinal hemorrhage, reduce the times of anti-VEGF drug injections and the incidence of ischemic CRVO compared with monotherapy of anti-VEGF drug.
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Retinitis pigmentosa （RP） is a group of progressive and blinding hereditary fundus diseases characterized by damaged retinal photoreceptor cells and retinal pigment epithelium. With the clinical manifestations of night blindness and progressive visual field defect， RP has a high possibility of developing into blindness， which seriously affects the quality of life of the patients. The recent years have witnessed increasing studies about the pathogenesis and treatment of RP. By reviewing the relevant articles， we conclude that the pathogenesis of RP is mainly related to genes， and retinal blood perfusion， oxidative stress injury， and inflammatory cascade all affect the progression of this disease. The traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） therapies for RP mainly include TCM compound prescriptions， Chinese medicine extract， acupuncture combined with medicine， and comprehensive TCM treatment. The Western medicine therapies include gene therapy， stem cell therapy， optogenetic therapy， retinal prosthesis， drugs， treatment of complications and other therapies. The intervention mechanisms of traditional Chinese and Western medicine often involve gene modification， alternative therapy， improvement of retinal blood perfusion， antioxidant damage， and nutritional support. By summarizing the specific methods and effects of traditional Chinese and Western medicine in treating RP， we hope to provide a reference for the management and treatment of RP.
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ObjectiveTo systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine in the treatment of chronic liver failure（CLF）. MethodSeveral databases was searched from the establishment date of these databases to January， 2023， including China National Knowledge Infrastructure（CNKI）， WanFang Data Knowledge Service Platform（WanFang）， China Biomedical Literature Database（CBM）， VIP Chinese Science and Technology Journal Database（VIP）， Cochrane Library， Embase and PubMed. The randomized controlled trial（RCT） conforming to the treatment of CLF with integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine were screened and included， the control group was treated with basic western medicine， and the test group was treated with traditional Chinese medicine on the basis of western medicine. Then， the Cochrane risk bias assessment tool was used to evaluate the quality of the included literature， and Meta analysis was performed by RevMan 5.3 software. ResultEleven literatures with a total of 1 110 patients were included， and Meta analysis showed that the integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine was better than western medicine alone in the treatment of patients with CLF in improving the overall effective rate［relative risk（RR）=1.36， 95% confidence interval（CI） （1.27， 1.46）， P<0.000 01］， reducing the mortality［RR=0.35， 95% CI（0.23， 0.53）， P<0.000 01）］， reducing alanine aminotransferase（ALT） level［mean difference（MD）=-38.73， 95% CI（-54.59， -22.87）， P<0.000 01］， reducing the aspartate aminotransferase（AST） level［MD=-58.16， 95% CI（-83.45， -32.79）， P<0.000 01］ and reducing the total bilirubin（TBil） level［MD=-69.21， 95% CI（-94.15， -30.53）， P<0.000 01］， promoting serum albumin（ALB） level［MD=3.24， 95% CI（0.82， 5.66）， P=0.009］ and prothrombin activity（PTA） level［MD=5.44， 95% CI（3.38， 7.50）， P<0.000 01］， and improving the traditional Chinese medicine（TCM） symptom score［MD=-4.28， 95% CI（-8.39， -0.17）， P=0.04］. ConclusionThe treatment of CLF with integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine has good clinical efficacy and safety. However， due to the limitations of the quality and quantity of the included literature， the above conclusions still need to be verified by larger scale of high-quality RCT， which is worthy of further expansion of the study.
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Cathartic colon （CC） is a common and refractory digestive system disease， with the pathogenesis not fully clarified. The effective therapies other than laxatives and surgery remain to be developed for CC. Therefore， establishing the CC animal models that fit the disease characteristics of western medicine and syndrome characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） is an important link to promote the research on this disease. The fitting degree of animal models with the latest Chinese and western medical diagnostic criteria is an indicator to assess the effectiveness of the animal models in simulating the disease characteristics of western medicine and syndrome characteristics of TCM. The literature review showed that the model animals， drugs and their dosage forms， doses， administration methods， and modeling period of CC varied in different studies， and the available CC animal models presented different fitting degrees with the disease characteristics of western medicine and syndrome characteristics of TCM. Rats were the preferred animals for the modeling of CC. Rhei Radix et Rhizoma preparations were commonly used for model inducing， which， however， may cause water electrolyte disorders， decreased immunity， and even death of animals at the late stage of modeling. The animals were modeled by gradually increasing the starting dose， while the starting dose and increasing dose varied. The maintenance dose was determined based on 50% of the animals having loose stools， and the end for a cycle was determined as the time when loose stools disappeared in 80% of animals. The modeling always lasted for 2-3 cycles， approximately 2-4 months. The CC models established with Rhei Radix et Rhizoma granules and rhein had high fitting degrees with the disease and syndrome characteristics. In addition， the CC animal models of TCM syndromes were still in the exploration stage. There were only the animal models of four TCM syndromes： liver depression and spleen deficiency， both Qi and Yin deficiency， Qi stagnation and blood stasis， and spleen and kidney deficiency. Efforts should be made to establish the animal models that meet the characteristics of disease of western medicine and syndromes of TCM， so as to facilitate the research on CC mechanism and drug development.
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ObjectiveTo systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of Jiedu Tongluo therapy in the treatment of diabetic kidney disease （DKD）. MethodDatabases including CNKI， Wanfang Data， PubMed， and Web of Science were systematically searched from January 2003 to December 2022 for clinical randomized controlled trials （RCTs） on the application of Jiedu Tongluo therapy for DKD treatment over the past 20 years. In these trials， the control group received conventional treatment （including diabetes and kidney health education， glycemic and blood pressure control， and lifestyle interventions）， along with western medicine or Chinese patent medicine treatment. The experimental group received primarily Jiedu Tongluo therapy via oral administration of Chinese medicine or in combination with western medicine. The Cochrane risk of bias assessment tool was used for the quality evaluation of the trials， and R 4.1.0 statistical software was used for analysis. ResultForty-one RCTs with 3 478 participants were included. The Meta-analysis results demonstrated that the experimental group， compared with the control group， showed significant improvement in overall clinical efficacy ［odds ratio （OR）=2.46， 95% confidence interval （CI） （2.08， 2.92）， I2=0%］， effective reduction of serum creatinine （Scr） levels ［mean difference （MD）=-15.83， 95% CI （-21.5， -10.37）， P< 0.01］， 24-hour urinary protein excretion rate （24 h-Up） ［MD=-350.88， 95% CI （-419.49， -282.28）， P< 0.01］， TCM syndrome score ［MD=-6.08， 95% CI （-7.81， -4.36）， P<0.01］， and effective regulation of fasting blood glucose （FBG） ［MD=-0.57， 95% CI （-0.75， -0.38）， P<0.01］. The treatment also demonstrated certain safety ［OR=0.99， 95% CI （0.35， 2.76）］. ConclusionJiedu Tongluo therapy in DKD treatment exhibits favorable clinical efficacy and safety. However， due to limitations in the quality and quantity of the included literature， these conclusions should be further validated through larger-scale， high-quality RCTs.
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Colorectal cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors of digestive tract. In 2020， 1.93 million new cases of colorectal cancer were diagnosed globally， ranking third in the global incidence spectrum， and 930 000 new deaths were reported， ranking second in the global cause of death spectrum. Meanwhile， the medical cost of metastatic colorectal cancer is the highest among all stages. A large number of studies have demonstrated that traditional Chinese medicine（TCM） treatment can bring clinical benefits to patients with metastatic colorectal cancer with unique efficacy. In order to further standardize the TCM diagnosis and treatment for metastatic colorectal cancer and improve the level of TCM diagnosis and treatment， Xiyuan Hospital， China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences， together with other relevant units in China， according to the guideline development process of the World Health Organization Handbook for Guideline Development and the relevant requirements of the Clinical Evidence Grading Criteria on TCM Based on Evidence Body， the Regulations for Group Standards of China Association of Chinese Medicine and others， combined with the characteristics of TCM diagnosis and treatment and the actual situation in China， the Guidelines for TCM Diagnosis and Treatment of Metastatic Colorectal Cancer was developed in accordance with the Catalogue of TCM Diagnosis and Treatment Plans for 105 Diseases in 24 Specialties issued by Department of Medical Administration of National Administration of TCM.
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In recent years， the incidence of colorectal cancer has been rising in China， and with the promotion of early screening and early diagnosis， most colorectal cancers are able to achieve long-term survival through timely diagnosis and treatment. Nevertheless， 30%-70% of patients with early to mid-stage colorectal cancer after radical surgery still have psychological problems such as anxiety， depression， and fear of recurrence and metastasis， and they hope to seek help from traditional Chinese medicine（TCM） treatment. In order to further standardize the integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine psychological rehabilitation interventions of stage Ⅰ-Ⅲ colorectal cancer after radical surgery， and to improve the diagnosis and treatment level， under the support of the pilot project of clinical collaboration between Chinese and western medicine for major and difficult diseases of National Administration of TCM， experts in oncology， integrated Chinese and western medicine， psychology， surgery， nursing， evidence-based medicine and other disciplines from 10 units nationwide participated in the work， led by Xiyuan Hospital，China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences and Beijing Cancer Hospital. Based on the methodology and process of guideline development of the World Health Organization Handbook for Guideline Development and the Regulations for Group Standards of China Association of Chinese Medicine， the Guidelines for Psychological Rehabilitation Intervention Combined Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine After Radical Surgery for Early and Middle Stage Colorectal Cancer have been developed according to the current best evidence， extensive consultation with clinical experts and following the situation of current clinical practice. The guideline provides the psychological characteristics， the needs and willingness to accept psychological rehabilitation， the interventions for psychological rehabilitation， evaluation of efficacy， follow-up review， educational guidance and others of patients with stage Ⅰ-Ⅲ colorectal cancer after radical surgery. It can provide guidance for TCM（integrated Chinese and western medicine） clinicians and psychologists engaged in the psychological rehabilitation of integrated Chinese and western medicine oncology， especially for doctors in primary medical institutions.
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Colorectal cancer is one of the common malignant tumors with high morbidity， and changes in lifestyle， dietary structure and environment in China in recent decades have been associated with an increase in the incidence of colorectal cancer. A large number of studies have shown that traditional Chinese medicine（TCM） can be used as a complementary and alternative treatment for colorectal cancer after conventional western medicine treatment. TCM physicians have accumulated a lot of clinical experience in the treatment of patients with stage Ⅰ-Ⅲ colorectal cancer， and have proved that TCM has unique efficacy， but there is still a lack of relevant clinical practice guidelines to standardize and guide the diagnosis and treatment of TCM. Based on this， according to the guideline development process of the World Health Organization Handbook for Guideline Development and the Clinical Evidence Grading Criteria on TCM Based on Evidence Body， under the framework of relevant laws， regulations and technical guidance documents， combined with the evidence of relevant domestic and foreign clinical research in recent years for evidence grading and opinion recommendation， and then the Guidelines for TCM Intervention After Conventional Western Medicine Treatment for Stage Ⅰ-Ⅲ Colorectal Cancer were developed by expert consensus. This guideline introduces the etiology， pathogenesis， syndrome differentiation and treatment of TCM intervention for colorectal cancer， which can provide guiding opinions for TCM clinicians and clinicians of integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine engaged in the prevention and treatment of colorectal cancer.