Determination of wholesome elements and heavy metals in safflower （Carthamus tinctorius I.. ） from Xinjiang and Henan by ICP-MS/ICP-AES / 药物分析学报

An inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry （ICP-MS） or inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry （ICP-AES） was developed to determine 19 elements in safflower, a traditional Chinese medicinal herb from Xinjiang Autonomous Region and Henan Province of China. Totally 19 elements in safflower included heavy metals, i.e. As, Cd, Cu, Hg and Pb, and wholesome elements, i.e. Al, Ca, Co, Cr, Fe, Mg, Mn, Mo, Ni, P, Se, Sr, V and Zn. The results showed that the concentrations of heavy metals in safflower samples were both low, all of which met the national hygiene standards except for Pb in Xinjiang sample. Meanwhile, the distribution tendency of elements in the two samples was similar, which indicated that the plant might absorb given elements in a proportional way. The method can be used for the quality control of elements in safflower, and it provides a way for the determination of the contents of safflower from Xinjiang and Henan.

Determination of wholesome elements and heavy metals in safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) from Xinjiang and Henan by ICP-MS/ICP-AES / 药物分析学报

An inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) or inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) was developed to determine 19 elements in safflower,a traditional Chinese medicinal herb from Xinjiang Autonomous Region and Henan Province of China.Totally 19 elements in safflower included heavy metals,i.e.As,Cd,Cu,Hg and Pb,and wholesome elements,i.e.AI,Ca,Co,Cr,Fe,Mg,Mn,Mo,Ni,P,Se,Sr,V and Zn.The results showed that the concentrations of heavy metals in safflower samples were both low,all of which met the national hygiene standards except for Pb in Xinjiang sample.Meanwhile,the distribution tendency of elements in the two samples was similar,which indicated that the plant might absorb given elements in a proportional way.The method can be used for the quality control of elements in safflower,and it provides a way for the determination of the contents of safflower from Xinjiang and Henan.

O ensino da homeopatia e a prática no SUS / La enseñanza de la homeopatia y las practica en el servicio Unificado de Salud brasileño / The teaching of homeopathy and practices within Brazilian Public Health System (SUS)

Este estudo focaliza a formação do médico homeopata com uma das ações desenvolvidas para humanizar a prática médica. No Brasil, essa ação aconteceu fora das Instituições de Ensino Superior (IES) até 2003, quando foi implantado o curso de especialização em homeopatia na Faculdade de Medicina de Jundiaí (FMJ), com prática pedagógica e atendimento aos usuários de Saúde Pública. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a formação do médico homeopático na FMJ e as percepções de usuários, profissionais de saúde, professores e tutores do curso, e congregação da faculdade, sobre a homeopatia e o curso. O estudo, de natureza qualitativa, utilizou entrevistas, técnica de grupo focal e questionários. Três categorias analíticas emergiram dos dados: a) conhecimento do referencial em homeopatia; b) homeopatia como o novo paradigma de ensino e assistência em saúde pública; c) estrutura geral do curso. Concluiu-se pela viabilidade do ensino de homeopatia em IES com prática pedagógica clínica orientada à saúde pública.

This study focuses on training for homeopathic physicians as one of the actions developed for humanizing medical practice. In Brazil, this took place outside of university-level teaching institutions until 2003, when the specialization course on homeopathy was established at Jundiaí School of Medicine, with teaching practice and attendance for public health service users. This study aimed to assess the training for homeopathic physicians at Jundiaí and the perceptions of users, health professionals, course teachers and tutors and the school's academic board, regarding homeopathy and the course. The study was qualitative and used interviews, focus group techniques and questionnaires. Three analytical categories emerged from the data: a) knowledge of reference points for homeopathy; b) homeopathy as a new paradigm for teaching and attendance within public health; and c) general course structure. It was concluded that teaching homeopathy in university-level institutions is viable as a public health-oriented clinical teaching activity.

Este estudo enfoca la formación del médico homeopata con una las acciones desarrolladas para humanizar la práctica médica. En Brasil esta acción tuvo lugar fuera de las instituciones de enseñanza superior (IES) hasta 2003 en que se implantó el curso de especialización en homeopatía en la Faculdade de Medicina de Jundiaí (FMJ) del estado de São Paulo, con práctica pedagógica y atendimiento a los usuarios de Salud Pública. El objeto del trabajo ha sido evaluarla formación del médico homeopata en la PMJ y las percepciones de usuarios, profesionales de salud, profesores y tutores del curso y congregación de la facultad, sobre la homeopatía y el curso. El estudio, de naturaleza cualitativa, ha utilizado entrevistas, técnica de grupo focal y cuestionarios. De los datos emergieron tres categorías analíticas: a) conocimiento del referencial en homeopatía; b) homeopatía cono el nuevo paradigma de enseñanza y asistencia en salud pública; c) estructura general de curso. Se concluye la viabilidad de la enseñanza de homeopatía en IES con práctica pedagógica clínica orientada a la salud pública.