WIND ENERGY IN INDIA 2022

This article first deal with the current scenario of the wind energy in India. Wind energy is available at no cost and it does not emit no greenhouse gases. Harnessing the energy of wind to obtain some useful work like pumping water, sailing boats and grinding grains has been therefore a very long time. In modern time wind energy is used to generate electricity. Wind energy is a clean sources of energy and India has a huge potential for wind energy (302 GW in the country at 100 m height and 695.50 GW at 120 m above the ground level). This vast potential has remained unexplored which can be achieved through well framed policies initiated by government of India. Wind power has emerged as a biggest source of Renewable energy in the world

Revisión de los perfiles aerodinámicos apropiados para turbinas eólicas de eje horizontal y de pequeña escala en zonas boscosas / A review of horizontal axis small wind turbine blades suitable for wooded areas / Revisão dos perfis aerodinâmicos apropriados para turbinas eólicas de eixo horizontal e pequena escala nas zonas arborizadas

Resumen Introducción: la energía eólica ha crecido de forma acelerada en los últimos 20 años y los sitios para instalar parques eólicos se empiezan a agotar. Las turbinas eólicas de pequeña escala representan una alternativa viable, en particular en zonas boscosas: de bajo potencial eólico y alta turbulencia. Objetivo: presentar una revisión de los perfiles aerodinámicos para aerogeneradores de pequeña escala, para determinar su posible aplicación en zonas boscosas. Materiales y métodos: se efectúa una revisión literaria en las bases de datos Web of Science y Scopus, sobre turbinas eólicas de pequeña escala de eje horizontal, en las revistas Energy, Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews y Renewable Energy, entre otras. Se define una clasificación de tres grandes grupos para los perfiles aerodinámicos: de uso muy frecuente, de uso con frecuencia media y de uso con baja frecuencia. Resultados: los perfiles de uso muy frecuente son el SG6043, S809 y NACA0012, siendo el primero de ellos el que presenta mejor desempeño aerodinámico. A pesar de esto, otros perfiles como el SH3055 son ampliamente usados en turbinas eólicas de pequeña escala. Conclusiones: un perfil adecuado para una turbina eólica de pequeña escala para zonas boscosas debe ser diseñado para regulación por pérdida (stall) y poseer una alta robustez ante cambios de rugosidad superficial. El perfil con mayor potencial, según la literatura para esta aplicación, es el SG6043, siendo 110 % y 85 % más eficiente que NACA0012 y S809, respectivamente, para un Re de 2 x 105; empero, se requiere más investigación en temas como desempeño aerodinámico de los perfiles ante altos niveles de turbulencia.

Abstract Introduction: Wind energy has grown rapidly in the last 20 years and sites to install full-scale wind farms are starting to run out. Small-scale wind turbines represent a feasible alternative, particularly in forested areas of low wind potential and high turbulence. Objective: to present a review of the aerodynamic profiles for small-scale wind turbines, to determine their possible application in wooded areas. Materials and methods: a review of small-scale horizontal axis wind turbines is carried out using the Web of Science and Scopus databases mainly on the journals: Energy, Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, and Renewable Energy. A classification of three large groups is defined for the aerodynamic profiles: very frequent use, medium frequency use and low frequency use. Results: the profiles of very frequent use are the SG6043, S809 and NACA0012, the first of them is the one having the best aerodynamic performance. Despite this, other profiles such as the SH3055 are widely used in the small-scale wind turbine field. Conclusions: a suitable profile for a small-scale wind turbine for forested areas should be designed for stall regulation and have low sensitivity against changes in surface roughness. The profile with the greatest potential, according to the literature for this application, is the SG6043, being 110 % y 85 % more efficient than NACA0012 and S809, respectively, for a Re of 2 x 105; however, more research is required on issues such as aerodynamic performance of the profiles at high levels of turbulence.

Resumo Introdução: a energia eólica há crescido de forma acelerada nos últimos 20 anos e os sítios para instalar parques eólicos empeçam a diminuir. As turbinas eólicas de pequena escala representam uma alternativa viável, em particular nas zonas arborizadas: de baixo potencial eólico e alta turbulência. Objetivo: apresentar uma revisão dos perfis aerodinâmicos para aerogeradores de pequena escala, para determinar uma possível aplicação nas zonas arborizadas. Materiais e métodos: efetuou-se uma revisão literária nas bases de dados Web of Science e Scopus, sobre turbinas eólicas de pequena escala de eixo horizontal, nos jornais Energy, Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews e Renewable Energy, entre outras. Define-se uma classificação dos três grandes grupos para os perfis aerodinâmicos: de uso muito frequente, de uso com frequência meia e de uso com baixa frequência. Resultados: os perfis de uso muito frequente são o SG6043, S809 y NACA0012, sendo o primeiro deles o que apresenta melhor desempenho aerodinâmico. Apesar disso, os perfis como o SH3055 são amplamente usados nos negócios das turbinas eólicas. Conclusões: um perfil adequado para uma turbina eólica de pequena escala para zonas arborizadas deve ser projetado para regulação por stall e possuir uma alta robustez ante mudanças na rugosidade superficial. O perfil com maior potencial, segundo a literatura e para essa aplicação é o SG6043, sendo 110 % e 85 % mais eficiente que NACA0012 e S809, respectivamente, para um Re de 2x 105, no entanto, requere mais investigação em temas como o desempenho aerodinâmico dos perfis

Technical and economic viability of the installation of a hybrid solar-wind generation system in a Brazilian industry

Abstract The demand for electricity is growing worldwide. At the same time, the non-renewable natural resources that account for a large proportion of the global energy matrix are rapidly depleting, which will pose a major challenge in the near future. Therefore, micro-grid models that use renewable energy sources, such as solar and wind, are rapidly developing and are becoming economically viable alternatives. The objective of this study was to evaluate the economic viability of installing solar and wind power generation systems in the NOVVALIGHT electrical components factory located in Campo Largo, Paraná, Brazil. The most viable model was the combination of solar and wind energy, which would generate approximately 260 MWh of energy per year. Using financing provided by the Brazilian Bank for Economic and Social Development (BNDES), this proposal has an eight-year payback period, net present value of BRL 149,097.42, and internal rate of return of 18%, demonstrating its economic viability.

Computational Model for Microgeneration Simulation, From Solar and Wind Renewable Sources, With Optimal Allocation of Loads, Electric Vehicle and Energy Storage, In a Residential Electrical Micro Network

Abstract The electrical sector is under constant evolution. One of the areas refers to the consumers that come to be generators, implementing distributed generation, interconnected to a smart grid. This article discusses the improvement of an algorithm, already presented in the literature, to make the best temporal allocation of loads, electric vehicle, storage and many sources of generation, aiming at the maximum financial performance, that is, the lowest value for the energy invoice The modeling consists of a Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) algorithm, which considers each component of the system and weighs the maintenance and shelf life of storage devices, basically batteries, loads that can be reallocated and the concept of Vehicle-to-grid, performing a daily analysis. The simulation has considered the hypothetical case of a residence, in which are included storage, electric vehicle and redistribution of loads, as well as wind and solar generation. Several scenarios are simulated, with or without the presence of some of the components. The results indicate that the simplest model, only redistributing the loads, can provide a sensible monetary savings of approximately 60%, while with the application of all the components modeled, there can be a reduction in the invoice of 90%.

Prospectiva de las energías eólica y solar fotovoltaica en la producción de energía eléctrica / Prospective of wind and solar photovoltaic energy for electricity production

RESUMEN El incremento en el precio de los combustibles fósiles y los problemas de contaminación derivados de su quema, han provocado la intensificación del aprovechamiento de las energías renovables para producir energía eléctrica. El objetivo de este estudio fue estimar el desarrollo de las energías renovables solar-fotovoltaica y eólica en la generación de energía eléctrica, comparándola con la producida con combustibles fósiles. Se consultaron varios reportes, emitidos por organismos gubernamentales y no gubernamentales, sobre el consumo energético mundial, para producir energía eléctrica a base de combustibles fósiles y de energías renovables, sobre la problemática del cambio climático y las políticas establecidas para incorporar energías renovables en el portafolio energético mundial. Los resultados indicaron que las plantas de generación de energía eléctrica, a partir de energía eólica y solar-fotovoltaica, son competitivas respecto a las plantas que utilizan recursos fósiles. A corto plazo, se esperan leyes regulatorias, con sanciones por contaminación, para limitar los efectos en el cambio climático, lo que elevará el costo de producción de las plantas convencionales, favoreciendo el desarrollo de las plantas de energías renovables, principalmente la solar-fotovoltaica, la cual tiene el mayor crecimiento de las energías renovables.

ABSTRACT The increase in the price of fossil fuels and the pollution problems arising from their burning has resulted in the intensification of the use of renewable energy sources to produce electricity. The purpose of this study was to estimate the development of solar photovoltaic and wind energy in electricity generation, compared to the generation produced with fossil fuels. Several reports issued by governmental and non-governmental bodies on global energy consumption to produce electricity from fossil fuels and from renewable energy sources, on climate change and on poli cies to incorporate renewable energy sources in the global energy portfolio were consulted. The results indicated that electric power from wind and solar photovoltaic energy generation plants are competitive with respect to the plants that use fossil resources. In the short run, regulatory laws that include pollution-related sanctions to limit the effects on climate change are expected to emerge. Such laws are likely to raise the cost of production of conventional plants, while favoring the development of renewable energy plants, mainly solar photovoltaic, which has the fastest growing renewable energy.

Green Energy Generation Using FLC Based WECS With Lithium Ion Polymer Batteries

ABSTRACT Green Energy Generation Using Wind energy conversion system is achieved using Lithium Ion Polymer Batteries and Fuzzy logic controller. Presented scheme also provides the constant output power for the stand alone loads like Island, Hills Stations, Ships and Remote locations etc. A fuzzy-logic controller based Wind energy conversion system with permanent magnet synchronous machine is simulated using MATLAB Simulink. The controller provides the constant output voltage in Buck Boost Converter with the wind fluctuations. The SPWM based inverter can be used to produce the constant output voltage with constant frequency. Also a thin and light weight Lithium Ion Polymer Batteries provides the energy back to the Wind energy conversion system , when the wind speed decreases below the base wind velocity. Simulation results are provided to demonstrate the validity of the proposed fuzzy-logic-based controller and comply with the theoretical results. The performance of the system is compared using various controllers.