Roosting ecology and morphometric analysis of Pteropus medius (Indian flying fox) in Lower Dir, district, Pakistan / Ecologia de roosting e análise morfométrica de Pteropus medius (raposa-voadora indiana) no distrito de Lower Dir, Paquistão

Abstract The present study was conducted to explore morphometric variations of Pteropus medius (the Indian flying fox) and the roosting trees in Lower Dir, Pakistan. The bats were captured from Morus alba, Morus nigra, Brousonetia papyrifera, Pinus raxburghii, Hevea brasiliensis, Platanus orientalis, Populous nigra, Melia azedarach, Eucalyptus camaldulensis and Grevillea robusta through sling shot and mess net methods. A total of 12 bats were studied for the differential morphological features based on age and sex. Male bats were recorded higher in weight than females. The variations were found in body mass (821.1±34.65gm), circumference of body with wings (25.43±0.39cm), wingspan (112.58±1.90cm), Body length (20.73±0.68cm), Snout length (3.42±0.04cm), Eye length (1.45±0.033cm), Length of ear (3.56±0.05cm), Width of ear (2.46±0.04cm), Length b/w ear (5.51±0.11cm), Circumference of neck (12.23±0.24cm), Circumference of body without wings (18.68±0.31cm), Arm wing length (23.2±1.03cm), Length of thumb (5.43±0.1cm), Length of nail (1.89±0.05cm), Hand wing length (29.1±0.51cm), Maximum width of wing (21.03±0.68cm), Length b/w tip of wing to 5th digit (29.39±0.30cm), Length b/w 5th digit to foot (22.97±1.09cm), Length b/w feet (18.31±0.74cm) and Length of foot claw (4.23±0.05cm). This study was designed for analysis of external morphological variations for P. medius (the Indian flying fox) that may help in identification of these bats and their roosting sites.

Resumo O presente estudo foi conduzido com o intuito de explorar variações morfométricas de Pteropus medius (raposa-voadora indiana) e árvores de repouso em Lower Dir, Paquistão. Os morcegos foram capturados de Morus alba, Morus nigra, Broussonetia papyrifera, Pinus roxburghii, Hevea brasiliensis, Platanus orientalis, Populus nigra, Melia azedarach, Eucalyptus camaldulensis e Grevillea robusta por meio de estilingues e redes. Doze morcegos foram estudados quanto às características morfológicas diferenciais com base na idade e no sexo. Os morcegos machos apresentaram maior peso do que as fêmeas. As variações foram encontradas em massa corporal (821,1 ± 34,65 g), circunferência do corpo com asas (25,43 ± 0,39 cm), envergadura (112,58 ± 1,90 cm), comprimento do corpo (20,73 ± 0,68 cm), comprimento do focinho (3,42 ± 0,04 cm), comprimento do olho (1,45 ± 0,033 cm), comprimento da orelha (3,56 ± 0,05 cm), largura da orelha (2,46 ± 0,04 cm), comprimento entre as orelhas (5,51 ± 0,11 cm), circunferência do pescoço (12,23 ± 0,24 cm), circunferência do corpo sem asas (18,68 ± 0,31 cm), comprimento da asa da pata dianteira (23,2 ± 1,03 cm), comprimento do polegar (5,43 ± 0,1 cm), comprimento da unha (1,89 ± 0,05 cm), comprimento da asa até a ponta do dedo (29,1 ± 0,51 cm), largura máxima da asa (21,03 ± 0,68 cm), comprimento entre a ponta da asa e o quinto dedo (29,39 ± 0,30 cm), comprimento entre o quinto dedo e a pata (22,97 ± 1,09 cm), comprimento entre as patas (18,31 ± 0,74 cm) e comprimento da garra da pata (4,23 ± 0,05 cm). Este estudo foi desenvolvido para análise de variações morfológicas externas de P. medius (raposa-voadora indiana) e pode auxiliar na identificação desses morcegos e seus locais de nidificação.

Regression of in-stent restenosis after using a Wingspan stent to treat intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis: A case report and 5-year follow-up

In-stent restenosis occurs in approximately 30% of patients after receiving a Wingspan stent to treat symptomatic intracranial atherosclerosis. This report describes a 55-year-old man with intracranial atherosclerotic internal carotid artery terminus stenosis who developed significant in-stent restenosis. Follow-up angiogram 5 years later demonstrated the regression of restenosis without invasive intervention.

Changes of high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging before and after Wingspan stent in patients with intracranial large artery stenosis / 中国脑血管病杂志

Objective To evaluate the imaging changes of the arterial wall and lumen at the site of intracranial large artery lesions with high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (HR-MRI) before and after Wingspan stent implantation.Methods From December 2013 to December 2014,9 patients with symptomatic intracranial arterial stenosis (stenosis rate:70%-99%) admitted to the Department of Interventional Neuroradiology,Xuanwu Hospital,Capital Medical University were enrolled retrospectively.The sites of the lesions included middle cerebral arteries,basilar artery,and intracranial segment of vertebral artery.Head 3D HR-MRI technique was used to analyze and compare the changes of the tube-wall enhancement areas in the lesion sites through image registration and matching.The consistency of stenosis rates measured by HR-MRI and DSA was compared through Pearson correlation analysis and Bland-Altman Plot.Results The success rate of technique was 100% without related complications.(1) After Wingspan stent implantation,the gadolinium enhancement in the vascular walls of the stenosis sites was decreased significantly compared with that before procedure.The area of enhancement decreased was 87±16% after stent implantation compared with before implantation,and the difference was statistically significant (t=2.325,P=0.049).(2) Before stent implantation,the mean stenosis rates of the HR-MRI and DSA measurements were 82±6% and 82±8% respectively,and the difference was not statistically significant (t=0.051,P=0.961);after procedure,the mean stenosis rates of HR-MRI and DSA measurements were 16±12% and 21±12% respectively,and the difference was not statistically significant (t=1.345,P=0.216).(3) The Pearson correlation coefficients of HR-MRI and DSA for stenosis rate measurement before and after stent implantation were 0.347 (P=0.361) and 0.545 (P=0.129) respectively.Bland-Altman statistical images showed that most of the data points were within the consistency limit (x-±1.96 s).Conclusions As an in vivo noninvasive imaging means,HR-MRI can be used to assess the changes of vascular walls of the lesion sites,the vascular lumen,and the original plaques after the intracranial stent release.It can also be used to evaluate the reconstruction of intracranial arterial walls.

Roosting ecology and morphometric analysis of Pteropus medius (Indian flying fox) in Lower Dir, district, Pakistan

Abstract The present study was conducted to explore morphometric variations of Pteropus medius (the Indian flying fox) and the roosting trees in Lower Dir, Pakistan. The bats were captured from Morus alba, Morus nigra, Brousonetia papyrifera, Pinus raxburghii, Hevea brasiliensis, Platanus orientalis, Populous nigra, Melia azedarach, Eucalyptus camaldulensis and Grevillea robusta through sling shot and mess net methods. A total of 12 bats were studied for the differential morphological features based on age and sex. Male bats were recorded higher in weight than females. The variations were found in body mass (821.1±34.65gm), circumference of body with wings (25.43±0.39cm), wingspan (112.58±1.90cm), Body length (20.73±0.68cm), Snout length (3.42±0.04cm), Eye length (1.45±0.033cm), Length of ear (3.56±0.05cm), Width of ear (2.46±0.04cm), Length b/w ear (5.51±0.11cm), Circumference of neck (12.23±0.24cm), Circumference of body without wings (18.68±0.31cm), Arm wing length (23.2±1.03cm), Length of thumb (5.43±0.1cm), Length of nail (1.89±0.05cm), Hand wing length (29.1±0.51cm), Maximum width of wing (21.03±0.68cm), Length b/w tip of wing to 5th digit (29.39±0.30cm), Length b/w 5th digit to foot (22.97±1.09cm), Length b/w feet (18.31±0.74cm) and Length of foot claw (4.23±0.05cm). This study was designed for analysis of external morphological variations for P. medius (the Indian flying fox) that may help in identification of these bats and their roosting sites.

Resumo O presente estudo foi conduzido com o intuito de explorar variações morfométricas de Pteropus medius (raposa-voadora indiana) e árvores de repouso em Lower Dir, Paquistão. Os morcegos foram capturados de Morus alba, Morus nigra, Broussonetia papyrifera, Pinus roxburghii, Hevea brasiliensis, Platanus orientalis, Populus nigra, Melia azedarach, Eucalyptus camaldulensis e Grevillea robusta por meio de estilingues e redes. Doze morcegos foram estudados quanto às características morfológicas diferenciais com base na idade e no sexo. Os morcegos machos apresentaram maior peso do que as fêmeas. As variações foram encontradas em massa corporal (821,1 ± 34,65 g), circunferência do corpo com asas (25,43 ± 0,39 cm), envergadura (112,58 ± 1,90 cm), comprimento do corpo (20,73 ± 0,68 cm), comprimento do focinho (3,42 ± 0,04 cm), comprimento do olho (1,45 ± 0,033 cm), comprimento da orelha (3,56 ± 0,05 cm), largura da orelha (2,46 ± 0,04 cm), comprimento entre as orelhas (5,51 ± 0,11 cm), circunferência do pescoço (12,23 ± 0,24 cm), circunferência do corpo sem asas (18,68 ± 0,31 cm), comprimento da asa da pata dianteira (23,2 ± 1,03 cm), comprimento do polegar (5,43 ± 0,1 cm), comprimento da unha (1,89 ± 0,05 cm), comprimento da asa até a ponta do dedo (29,1 ± 0,51 cm), largura máxima da asa (21,03 ± 0,68 cm), comprimento entre a ponta da asa e o quinto dedo (29,39 ± 0,30 cm), comprimento entre o quinto dedo e a pata (22,97 ± 1,09 cm), comprimento entre as patas (18,31 ± 0,74 cm) e comprimento da garra da pata (4,23 ± 0,05 cm). Este estudo foi desenvolvido para análise de variações morfológicas externas de P. medius (raposa-voadora indiana) e pode auxiliar na identificação desses morcegos e seus locais de nidificação.

Clinical study of Wingspan stents for symptomatic atherosclerotic stenosis of the basilar artery / 实用放射学杂志

Objective To assess the efficacy and feasibility of Wingspan stents for symptomatic atherosclerotic stenosis of the bas-ilar artery.Methods Clinical data of 40 patients with symptomatic atherosclerotic stenoses in the basilar artery were analyzed retro-spectively.The operative successful rate,the degree of stenosis,perioperative complications and the results of clinical and imaging follow-up were analyzed.Results The technical success rate was 95.35%.The rate of procedure-related complications during the perioperative period (30 days)was 20.0% (eight of 40 patients).There were two patients with no permanent neurological sequelae. Ipsilateral stroke or death occurred in six patients(1 5%).Thirty-six patients(92.3%)were available for a clinical follow up.The mean follow-up period was 36.3 months (range 12-75 months).Seventeen patients (47.2%)were available for follow-up imaging with DSA or CTA.The mean imaging follow-up period was 9.4 months (range 4-41 months).Symptomatic in-stent restenosis (ISR)was documented in two (1 1.76%)of these patients.Three ischemic events occurred during the follow-up period in 12 months.The adverse event rate was 8.33% at 1 year.Conclusion Wingspan stents for symptomatic atherosclerotic stenosis of the basilar artery was an effective and feasible technique,but we should carefully grasp the operation indications.

Clinical and Angiographic Outcomes of Wingspan Stent Placement for Treatment of Symptomatic Intracranial Stenosis: Single Center Experience with 19 Cases

OBJECTIVE: The limitations of medical management of symptomatic intracranial arterial stenosis (ICS) have prompted development of new strategies, including endovascular treatment. However, stenting of symptomatic ICS remains investigational. Here, we have reported and analyzed a series of 19 endovascular procedures involving placement of a Wingspan stent. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective review of a series of ICS in which patients were treated with percutaneous transarterial balloon angioplasty and stent placement (PTAS). Patients included in the study were diagnosed as symptomatic ICS between May 2010 and September 2011. RESULTS: Nineteen patients (median age, 65 years; 12 males, seven women) were treated with the Wingspan stent system for symptomatic ICS ranging from 50% to 99%. The technical success rate was 100%. The location of ICS included the internal carotid (n = 5; 1 petrous, 3 cavernous, and 1 clinoid segments), vertebral (n = 1; V4 segment), basilar (n = 1), and middle cerebral (n = 12; 9 M1, 3 M2) arteries. There was no occurrence of procedure-related mortality. Periprocedural morbidity occurred in two cases (10.5%), including carotid-cavernous fistula (n = 1) and subarachnoid hemorrhage (n = 1). No ipsilateral stroke was recorded beyond 30 days during a mean follow-up period of 13.2 months (range 9-19 months). Restenosis (> 50%) was observed in one patient (6.3%), who was asymptomatic, on follow-up imaging. CONCLUSION: Wingspan stent for symptomatic ICS can be performed with a high rate of technical success and acceptable periprocedural morbidity rates. Our initial experience indicates that this procedure represents a viable treatment option for this patient population.

Coincidental Occurrence of Acute In-stent Thrombosis and Iatrogenic Vessel Perforation During a Wingspan Stent Placement: Management with a Stent In-stent Technique / 신경중재치료의학

We presented a case that an acute in-stent thrombosis after the deployment of a Wingspan stent was successfully managed with a stent in-stent technique. Because vessel perforation and subarachnoid hemorrhage were iatrogenically developed during the procedure, we were unable to use the thrombolytic agents to correct the in-stent thrombosis. When a thrombotic complication following an intracranial stent placement occurs with a coincidentally hemorrhagic complication, the stent in-stent technique should be considered as a treatment option.

Gateway-Wingspan stent system assisted angioplasty for treatment of chronic basilar artery stenosis / 中国脑血管病杂志

Objective: To assess the feasibility and safety of Gateway-Wingspan stent system assisted angioplasty for treatment of basilar artery stenosis. Methods: The operative strategy, efficiency, successful rate, the degree of stenosis and periprocedural neurological complications were analyzed retrospectively in 20 patients after Gateway-Wingspan stent system assisted angioplasty for treatment of chronic basilar arterial stenosis. Results: 20 patients of basilar artery stenosis using stent assisted angioplasty were implanted 20 Wingspan stents. The stent implantation was successful in all patients. The mean degree of stenosis decreased from (79.0 ± 6.0)% before the procedure to (13.0 ± 3.4)% after stenting. One patient advent brain stem infarction because of AICA occlusion. During the follow-up of 1, 3 and 6 month, according to Malek scale, twelve patients (60%) belonged to scale 1, two patients (10%) belonged to scale 3, and one patient (5%) belonged to scale 1. All of 15 patients were in stable condition. Among them, the treatment efficiency of twelve patients were very successful. In addition, 5 patients treatment effect was very good in the early postoperative period, but the treatment effect was gradually decreased. Among them, 3 patients (15%) belonged to scale 1 after one month, but belonged to scale 2 after three months. In addition, 2 patients (10%) belonged to scale 2 in 1, 3 month, but belonged to scale 2 after six months. Conclusion: Gateway-Wingspan stent system assisted angioplasty is safe and feasible for treatment of basilar artery stenosis.

Development of wing morphology in the Indian pygmy bat Pipistrellus mimus.

The growth and development of the wing parameters of the Indian pygmy bat Pipistrellus mimus was studied under natural conditions. Newborn young were marked with nontoxic coloured paint and were later marked with split rings. The wingspan and wing area showed linear growth until the age of five weeks, after which the rate of growth decreased. The observations on flight showed that at the age of 19 days the young were able to flutter their wings, at the age of 22 days they flew for a short distance and at the age of 29 days they exhibited sustained flight. The development of wing loading and aspect ratio are also presented. The decrease in wing loading as the bat grows is discussed as an advantage to sustain flight. The aspect ratio showed a high degree of scatter at early stages of life which decreased at the later period of growth. In general the development of wing morphology of P. mimus is similar to that of other vespertilionid bats.