ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE：To establish the method for the con tent determination of related substances in belinstat. METHODS ： HPLC method was adopted and the principal component self-control comparison method with correction factor was used to calculate the contents of related substances. The determination was performed on ODS-AM column with 1.02％ potassium dihydrogen phosphate buffer （pH value adjusted to 3.5 with phosphoric acid ）-acetonitrile（85∶15，V/V）as mobile phase A ，1.02％ potassium dihydrogen phosphate buffer （pH value adjusted to 3.5 with phosphoric acid ）-acetonitrile（30 ∶ 70，V/V）as mobile phase B （gradient elution ），at the flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The column temperature was set at 30 ℃，and the detection wavelength was 220 nm. The sample size was 10 μL. RESULTS：The linear ranges of belinstat and impurities A ，D，F，G，H were 0.113-1.693， 0.050-1.496，0.117-1.750，0.098-1.471，0.120-1.799，0.100-1.506 μ g/mL（r≥0.999 7）. The correction factors of the last 5 impurities were 1.0，1.0，1.2，1.5，1.0；the detection limits were 0.250，0.590，0.490，0.600，0.500 ng，respectively. The quantification limits were 0.500，1.170，0.980，1.200，1.000 ng，respectively. The recoveries were 90.18％-111.48％（RSD＝ 1.52％-4.78％，n＝9）. RSDs of stability （100 h）and precision tests were no more than 16％，and the durability was good. Impurities A ，D and H were detected in 3 batches of belinlestat ，the contents were 0.030％-0.038％，0.019％-0.022％ and 0.012％-0.013％，respectively. The contents of other maximum monomer impurities were 0.012％-0.013％ and the total impurities were 0.075％-0.084％. Impurities B ，C，F，G were not detected. CONCLUSIONS ：The method for the content determination of related substances in belinstat has been successfully established ，and the method is accurate and specific.
ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Objective: To describe the factors influencing the use of humor in nursing care, its applicability and benefits. Method: A scoping review was performed using the Arksey and O'Mally methodology. A search for articles published between 2008 and 2018 was performed using the platforms EBSCO Host, Virtual Health Library and Google Scholar. Results: From the initial 465 articles found, 17 were included for final revision. Data allowed to retrieve information on humor definition; its applicability as a nursing intervention; humor as a tool to improve nurse-patient communication and relationship; influence factors; type of humor interventions; humor benefits in health care context and; limitations and precautions of humor intervention. Conclusion: The use of humor promotes both communication and human interaction; it promotes well-being; helps deal/cope with difficult and unpleasant situations, reduces tension, discomfort and stress; and strengthens the immune system. This intervention should be used with caution.
RESUMO Objetivo: Descrever os fatores que influenciam o uso do humor no cuidado de enfermagem, sua aplicabilidade e benefícios. Método: Revisão escopo segundo a metodologia de Arksey e O'Mally. Foram pesquisados artigos publicados entre 2008 e 2018, nas plataformas EBSCO Host, Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde e Google Académico. Resultados: Foram identificados 465 artigos e incluídos 17 destes. Foi encontrada informação sobre definição de humor; sua aplicabilidade como intervenção de enfermagem; o humor como ferramenta para melhorar a comunicação e a relação entre o enfermeiro e o paciente; fatores de influência; tipo de intervenções de humor; benefícios de humor nos cuidados de saúde e; ainda as limitações e precauções de intervenção de humor. Conclusão: O humor promove a comunicação, as relações e bem-estar; ajuda a lidar com situações difíceis e desagradáveis, reduz a tensão, o desconforto e o estresse; e fortalecer o sistema imunológico. Esta intervenção deve ser usada com precaução.
RESUMEN Objetivo: Describir los factores que influencian el uso del humor en el cuidado de enfermería, su aplicabilidad y beneficios. Método: Revisión de alcance según la metodología de Arksey y O'Mally. Se investigaron artículos publicados entre 2008 y 2018, en las plataformas EBSCO Host, Biblioteca Virtual en Salud y Google Académico. Resultados: Se han identificado 465 artículos e incluidos 17 de ellos. Se encontró información sobre la definición de humor; su aplicabilidad como intervención de enfermería; el humor como herramienta para mejorar la comunicación y la relación entre el enfermero y el paciente; factores de influencia; el tipo de intervenciones de humor; beneficios del humor en la atención de salud y; las limitaciones y precauciones de intervención del humor. Conclusión: El humor promueve la comunicación, las relaciones y el bienestar; ayuda a manejar situaciones difíciles y desagradables, reduce la tensión, la incomodidad y el estrés; y fortalecer el sistema inmunológico. Esta intervención debe usarse con precaución.
Subject(s)
Humans , Nurse-Patient Relations , Wit and Humor as Topic/psychology , Complementary Therapies , Adaptation, PsychologicalABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the similarities and differences of the quality of agarwood produced by agar-wit from China and Southeast Asian countries. METHODS: The sensory characteristic, identification item, extract, content determination, characteristic chromatogram and total chromone content of agarwood produced by agar-wit from 11 place of origins of China and Southeast Asian countries were mainly evaluated, according to the Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2015 edition). RESULTS: The morphological characteristics, TLC and characteristic chromatograms of 11 batches of agarwood produced by agar-wit were similar. Special structures such as included phloem, vessel and rays were observed in all samples. The extract and total chromone contents of agarwood produced by agar-wit from the six producing areas in China were higher than those from the five producing areas in Southeast Asia. Compared with other agarwood-inducing method, the sensory characteristics of the agarwood produced by agar-wit were relatively stable, and the average contents of the extract and total chromone were significantly higher, but the average content of agarotetrol was slightly lower than that of the agarwood produced by peripheral-inducing and iron-inducing. CONCLUSION: In terms of quality, the agar-wit is superior to the traditional agarwood-inducing method. It is not only applicable to the agarwood production of Aquilaria sinensis in China, but also applicable to the species of Aquilaria Lam. in Southeast Asian countries. The quality of agarwood produced by agar-wit is good in general, but the quality of the agarwood produced by A. sinensis is better than the species of Aquilaria Lam. in the Southeast Asian.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To research the teratogenic and mutagenic toxicity of agarwood extracts produced by agar-wit technique for functional food development (slices dose 0.60 g•d-1). METHODS: Pregnant rats of 6 to 15 d were given with agarwood extracts at 45, 105, 150 mg•kg-1 by gastric perfusion directly every day, then killed and anatomized after being pregnant for 20 d. During the whole course of treatment, the activity and body weight of pregnant rats, fetal survival rate, absorption number, malformation type and number of fetus were observed and recorded. RESULTS: The agarwood extracts had no effect on the body weight of pregnant rats at 45, 105, 150 mg•kg-1 dosages, and the numbers of implantation, live fetuses, fetuses and stillbirths of fetus, malformation type and number had no significant difference compared with the control group (P>0.05). CONCLUSION: Agarwood extracts have no teratogenic and mutagenic toxicity for rat fetuses.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To assess the chronic toxicity of agarwood extracts produced by agar-wit. METHODS: Agarwood usage in Chinese Pharmacopoeia was referred. SD rats were used as the experimental animal and fed with agarwood extracts at pharmaceutical dosages (1 262.4, 631.2 and 157.8 mg•kg-1) and functional food dosages (150, 105 and 45 mg•kg-1) for 90 d. The weight and food utilization were recorded. The rats were killed on the 90th day, blood and urine were collected for routine blood, serum biochemical indicators and urine index tests, and the bodies were dissected for histological examination. RESULTS: The two groups of rats showed same results. The body weight, food utilization, routine blood, serum biochemical indicators and urine index were not significantly changed compared with the control group (P>0.05). Histological examination showed that the male and female rats both had some lesions, but the group of high dose extracts had no significant difference compared with the control group, also indicating that the lesions had no relationship with agarwood extracts. CONCLUSION: The agarwood extracts produced by agar-wit have no chronic toxicity for mammal in regards of body weight, biochemical indicators and pathology at both pharmaceutical dosages and functional food dosages.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the acute toxicity and genotoxicity of agarwood extracts produced by agar-wit technology for functional food development (slices dose 0.60 g•d-1). METHODS: SD rats were used as animal model, the total dose of 10 g•kg-1 was administered to the rats twice within 24 h, activity and poisoning of rats were observed and recorded in the next 14 d, and Ames test, mammalian erythrocyte micronucleus test and in vitro mammalian cells chromosome aberration test were used to research the genotoxicity comprehensively. RESULTS: The rats showed normal activity and no poisoning symptoms appeared during acute toxicity test at 10 g•kg-1 dose. In the three genotoxicity test, extracts had no significant difference compared with the negative control (P>0.05), but significant difference compared with positive control (P<0.01). CONCLUSION: Under the condition of this study, the agarwood extracts have neither acute toxicity nor genotoxicity on rats.
ABSTRACT
Objective To evaluate the gastrointestinal regulative effect of agarwood extracts produced by the whole-tree agar?wood-inducing technique(Agar-Wit agarwood)to make scientific basis for the Agar-Wit agarwood exploration and usage in clinic. Methods Intestinal propelling effect assay marked by carbon powder,and gastric empting effect assay marked by methyl orange were used to evaluate the gastrointestinal effects of Agar-Wit agarwood on mice by single or constant repeated intragastric(ig)adminis?tration of water extract and ethanol extract,and then the index of intestinal peristaltic rate and methyl orange relative residual rate were calculated. Gastrtic ulcer model was established under water stress to appraise their protective function on rat stomach and to ob?tain the gastric ulcer index and inhibitory rate. Results The Agar-Wit agarwood ethanol extract significantly improved intestinal peri?stalsis and gastric empting function by single or constant repeated ig administration at the dose of 150 mg/kg. The ethanol extract of commercial agarwood also had the similar effect at the dose of 450 mg/kg. But the water extract did not have significant effect. The gas? tric ulcer assay results showed that the ethanol extract significantly inhibited gastric ulcer happening by single ig administration. Addi?tionally,constant repeated ig administration of ethanol extract showed the consistent results and the gastric ulcer inhibitory rate was (73.1±5.6)%at the dose of 300 mg/kg. Conclusion The Agar-Wit agarwood ethanol extracts have significant intestinal peristaltic ef?fect,gastric empting effect and gastric ulcer inhibitory function.
ABSTRACT
Objective To evaluate the sedative-hypnotic effect of agarwood different extracts produced by whole-tree agar?wood-inducing technique(Agar-Wit agarwood)to make scientific basis for the Agar-Wit agarwood exploration and usage in clinic. Method Collaborative pentobarbital sodium hypnosis experiment was employed to assess the index of fell asleep rate ,sleep latency time and sleep time. And locomotor activity assay was used to test the index of moved distance,travel time and average velocity. Then a functional comparison was made between Agar-Wit agarwood and commereial agarwood. Result The Agar-Wit agarwood ethanol ex?tract and essential oil could significantly increase sleep rate and prolong sleep time. At the same time ,essential oil could also decrease sleep latency time significantly. Additionally,both ethanol extract and oil significantly decreased the mice locomotor activity,includ?ing reduced total distance,movement,move time and average velocity. However,the water extract did not have significant effect. Conclusion The Agar-Wit agarwood ethanol extract and oil have significant effect on sedation in mice,whose function is similar to,or even better than that of the commerical agarwood.
ABSTRACT
Objective to evaluate the sedative-hypnotic effect of agarwood different extracts produced by whole-tree agar- wood-inducing technique (Agar-Wit agarwood) to make scientific basis for the Agar-Wit agarwood exploration and usage in clinic. Method Collaborative pentobarbital sodium hypnosis experiment was employed to assess the index of fell asleep rate, sleep latency time and sleep time. And locomotor activity assay was used to test the index of moved distance, travel time and average velocity. Then a functional comparison was made between Agar-Wit agarwood and commereial agarwood. Result The Agar-Wit agarwood ethanol extract and essential oil could significantly increase sleep rate and prolong sleep time. At the same time, essential oil could also decrease sleep latency time significantly. Additionally, both ethanol extract and oil significantly decreased the mice locomotor activity, including reduced total distance, movement, move time and average velocity. However, the water extract did not have significant effect. Conclusion The Agar-Wit agarwood ethanol extract and oil have significant effect on sedation in mice, whose function is similar to, or even better than that of the commerical agarwood.
ABSTRACT
Objective To evaluate the gastrointestinal regulative effect of agarwood extracts produced by the whole-tree agar- wood-inducing technique (Agar-Wit agarwood) to make scientific basis for the Agar-Wit agarwood exploration and usage in clinic. Methods Intestinal propelling effect assay marked by carbon powder, and gastric empting effect assay marked by methyl orange were used to evaluate the gastrointestinal effects of Agar-Wit agarwood on mice by single or constant repeated intragastric (ig) administration of water extract and ethanol extract, and then the index of intestinal peristaltic rate and methyl orange relative residual rate were calculated. Gastrtic ulcer model was established under water stress to appraise their protective function on rat stomach and to obtain the gastric ulcer index and inhibitory rate. Results The Agar-Wit agarwood ethanol extract significantly improved intestinal peristalsis and gastric empting function by single or constant repeated ig administration at the dose of 150 mg/kg. The ethanol extract of commercial agarwood also had the similar effect at the dose of 450 mg/kg. But the water extract did not have significant effect. The gas ulcer assay results showed that the ethanol extract significantly inhibited gastric ulcer happening by single ig administration. Additionally,constant repeated ig administration of ethanol extract showed the consistent results and the gastric ulcer inhibitory rate was (73.1±5.6)% at the dose of 300 mg/kg. Conclusion The Agar-Wit agarwood ethanol extracts have significant intestinal peristaltic effect,gastric empting effect and gastric ulcer inhibitory function.
ABSTRACT
Great improvements in patient selection, surgical techniques, perioperative care, and immunosuppression have been made for the optimization of liver transplantation. To increase the number of organs available for liver transplantation, transplant centers have used marginal donors, split livers, living donors, or non-heart-beating donors (NHBDs). Despite recent enthusiasm for NHBDs in liver transplantation, warm ischemic injury to recovered organs has been an obstacle for the wide acceptance of NHBD. In the present case, we have conducted a liver transplantation from a Maastricht Category 4 NHBD. Warm ischemic time was 20 minutes and cold ischemic time was 5 hour 43 minutes. Consequently, the liver was successfully transplanted into the recipient.
Subject(s)
Humans , Anesthesia , Cold Ischemia , Immunosuppression Therapy , Liver , Liver Transplantation , Living Donors , Patient Selection , Perioperative Care , Tissue Donors , Transplants , Warm IschemiaABSTRACT
Buscamos investigar o conceito de sublimação tal como Lacan o aborda em seu sétimo seminário, tendo em vista os laços sociais possíveis na contemporaneidade: como pensar a sublimação sem confundi-la com o sintoma? Na primeira parte, investigamos o objeto em jogo na sublimação, das Ding, evocada por Lacan quando define a sublimação como a elevação do objeto ao estatuto da Coisa. Na segunda parte, buscamos diferenciar sintoma e sublimação, utilizando-nos da diferença entre o chiste e o lapso: provocar a fissura no campo do código lingüístico, prescindindo do recalque, é uma função do chiste e igualmente da sublimação. Na terceira parte, abordamos os laços sociais contemporâneos que ratificam e dão valor ao objeto sublimado. Esse valor social é insuficiente para afirmar seu estatuto de objeto sublimado, sendo necessária a reflexão sobre a via de satisfação envolvida em sua produção e o gozo evocado no laço social em cada caso.
This article investigates the concept of sublimation, as approached by Lacan in his seventh seminar, focusing on the social bonds conceivable in contemporary life: how can we consider sublimation in the contemporary world without mistaking it for symptom? The first part investigates the object of sublimation, das Ding, evoked by Lacan when he defines that process as the object's elevation to the status of das Ding. In the second part, the difference between symptom and sublimation is defined, making an analogy with the difference between wit and lapsus: provoking a fissure in the linguistic code is a function of wit, and equally of sublimation. In the third part, contemporary social bonds that ratify and value the sublimated object are analyzed. This social value is insufficient to affirm its status of sublimated object, and we must include a reflection on the way towards satisfaction involved in its production and the jouissance evoked in the social bond in each case.
Tratamos de investigar el concepto de sublimación de la manera como Lacan lo aborda en su séptimo seminario, considerando los posibles vínculos sociales contemporáneos: ¿cómo se puede pensar la sublimación contemporánea sin confundirla con el síntoma? En la primera parte, investigamos el objeto en juego en la sublimación, das Ding, planteada por Lacan cuando establece la sublimación como la elevación del objeto al estatus de Cosa. En la segunda parte, diferenciamos el síntoma y la sublimación, utilizando la diferencia entre el chiste y el lapsus: provocar la fisura en el campo del código lingüístico es una función del chiste, y también de la sublimación. En la tercera parte, abordamos los vínculos sociales contemporáneos que ratifican y dan valor al objeto sublimado. Este valor social es insuficiente para afirmar su condición de objeto sublimado, por lo que es necesaria una reflexión sobre el camino de la satisfacción implicada en su producción y el goce evocado en el vínculo social en cada caso.
Subject(s)
Humans , Behavioral SymptomsABSTRACT
Vai-se discorrer sobre a função que as intervenções humorísticas podem desempenhar no tratamento de psicóticos, ao apaziguar a incidência do pulsional e suscitar a tomada de palavra por aqueles cuja existência não é balizada pelo falo. Para tanto, partiu-se da referência ao "chiste", efeito humorístico freudiano por excelência. A hipótese que aqui se desenha é a de que as vicissitudes econômicas relacionadas ao chiste, mesmo em seus estágios preliminares, podem esclarecer se e como tais intervenções podem ser efetivas num tratamento possível da psicose.
The literal and the surprise: the preliminary stages of the wit. The target of this text is to explain in which way some humoristic interventions could help in the treatment of psychotic patients, pacifying the incidence of the "pulsional" and making the person, whose existence is not limited by the phallus, to start using speech. With this aim, our starting point was the mentioning of a "wit", or joke, the humoristic effect, which is Freudian by excellence. The hypothesis that we foresee is that the economic mishaps related to the wit, even on their preliminary stages, could clarify if and how such interventions could be effective in a possible treatment of psychosis.