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O propósito principal deste texto é o de avaliar a pertinência do conceito de subjetivação à guisa da contribuição de Donald Winnicott. Tradicionalmente associadas ao desenvolvimentismo psicológico e mais recentemente ao identitarismo, as ideias do psicanalista inglês têm ficado de fora dos debates contemporâneos acerca da desconstrução do sujeito e da crítica às identidades. Pretendemos reposicionar Winnicott nesse debate avançando à ideia de uma subjetivação propriamente histórica e contingente, caracterizada pelo que chamamos de uma dupla volta, a primeira sendo a que organiza a posição pré-subjetiva que Winnicott chamou de being; e a segunda, a emergência do sujeito propriamente dito a partir da dialética da destruição x sobrevivência do outro.
In this paper, we aim to reassess the relevance of the concept of subjection in the guise of the contribution of Donald Winnicott. Traditionally associated to psychological development theories and more recently to identitarianism, the ideas of the English psychoanalyst are usually eschewed in contemporary debates regarding the deconstruction of the subject and the critique of identities. Advancing a repositioning of Winnicott in this debate, we propose the idea of a double turn, the first organizing the pre-subjective position that Winnicott named as being; and the second turn, the emergence of the subject itself from the dialectics of destruction x survival of the other.
El propósito principal de este texto es el de evaluar la relevancia del concepto de subjetivación bajo la contribución de Donald Winnicott. Asociadas tradicionalmente al desarrollismo psicológico y más recientemente al identitarismo, las ideas del psicoanalista inglés han quedado fuera de los debates contemporáneos sobre la deconstrucción del sujeto y la crítica de las identidades. Pretendemos reposicionar a Winnicott en este debate, avanzando la idea de una subjetivación propiamente histórica y contingente, caracterizada por lo que llamamos un doble giro, siendo el primero el que organiza la posición presubjetiva que Winnicott llamó ser; y el segundo, el surgimiento del sujeto propiamente dicho desde la dialéctica destrucción x supervivencia del otro.
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Este artigo objetiva refletir sobre como a perspectiva de futuro tem incidido nos adolescentes em acolhimento institucional. Realizou-se uma revisão bibliográfica de artigos científicos e livros, utilizando-se os aportes psicanalíticos de D. W. Winnicott para a reflexão teórica. A perspectiva de futuro foi pensada pela noção de esperança, indicando a busca pela reparação de lacunas impostas pelo ambiente provedor. Os conceitos de esperança e regressão são centrais para evidenciar a possibilidade de retomada do amadurecimento saudável. Verificou-se que a esperança e a perspectiva de futuro são fatores protetivos nessa população. Também a manutenção do convívio familiar e comunitário, os vínculos afetivos na instituição e o vislumbre profissional favorecem a crença em um futuro construtivo, podendo ser moderadores dos impactos negativos.
This article aims to reflect on how the future perspective has focused on adolescents in institutional shelter. A bibliographical review of scientific articles and books was performed, using D. W. Winnicott's psychoanalytical contributions for theoretical reflection. The future perspective was conceived by the notion of hope, indicating the search for the repair of gaps imposed by the provider environment. The concepts of hope and regression are central to highlighting the possibility of resuming healthy maturation. Hope and future prospects were found to be protective factors in this population. The maintenance of family and community life, the affective bonds in the institution and the professional glimpse also favor the belief in a constructive future and may be moderators of negative impacts.
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Resumen El Bosque Petrificado Piedra Chamana, cerca del pueblo de Sexi en Cajamarca, registra la vegetación de los trópicos de Sudamérica de hace 39 millones de años, la que existió en los inicios de la historia de los bosques tropicales del Nuevo Mundo y antes del levantamiento de los Andes. En este bosque, descubrimientos notables incluyen el manglar del género Avicennia, un género de árboles forestales emergentes (Cynometra), y el segundo dipterocarp conocido del Nuevo Mundo. La importancia de los fósiles se basa en sus circunstancias únicas de preservación, es así como fósiles de plantas y suelos antiguos permiten la reconstrucción detallada del bosque y el medio ambiente en que existieron, contribuyendo con el conocimiento del cambio climático. Los sitios como este bosque fósil son muy vulnerables al disturbio y pérdida de los recursos fósiles. El monitoreo muestra que las actividades humanas y la erosión están teniendo efectos serios y que son necesarias medidas urgentes para su conservación. La importancia de los fósiles para la ciencia, la belleza de esta área de los Andes, y el potencial para la educación y turismo justifican el reconocimiento del Bosque Petrificado Piedra Chamana a nivel internacional. El bosque tropical representado por los fósiles es muy diferente del bosque diverso esclerófilo de hoja ancha que se encuentra actualmente en el sitio. La pérdida del suelo y la erosión del substrato suave y poroso por alteración de la cubierta vegetal son una amenaza para la biota nativa y los fósiles. Por lo tanto, las medidas de conservación necesarias para proteger los fósiles tendrían múltiples beneficios para la ecología del área.
Abstract The Piedra Chamana Fossil Forest, near the village of Sexi in central Cajamarca, records the vegetation of the South American tropics 39 million years ago, early in the New World tropical forests history and before the rise of the present-day Andes. In this fossil forest, notable discoveries have included the mangrove genus Avicennia, a genus of emergent forest trees (Cynometra), and the second dipterocarp known from the New World. The significance of the fossils rests on the unique circumstances of preservation, the detailed reconstruction of the forest and environment that is possible based on the plant fossils and ancient soils, and the importance of this record for the study of climate change. Sites like the fossil forest are particularly vulnerable to disturbance and loss of the fossil resources. Ongoing monitoring shows that human activities and erosion are having serious effects and, conservation measures are urgently needed. The importance of the fossils for science, the beauty of this area of the Andes, and the potential of the site for education and tourism justify recognition of the fossil forest at an international level. The lowland tropical forest represented by the fossils is very different from the diverse broad-leaf sclerophyllous forest or woodland now growing in the area. Soil loss and erosion of the soft, porous volcanic substrate when the vegetation cover is disturbed poses a threat to both the native biota and the fossils. The conservation measures needed at the fossil site would have multiple benefits for the ecology of the region.
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Objective:As a source of energy for Armillaria mellea and Gastrodia elata，the woods species as fungus material of G.elata are diverse and play an important role in the development of G.elata industry. In order to explore the impact of different woods species on the quality of G. elata，the plant origins and lignocellulose content of the woods，the yield and quality of G. elata per unit area were systemically analyzed through literature research and investigation on production bases. Method:G. elata and its cultivated woods were collected from four main producing areas （Guizhou, Yunnan, Hubei, and Shaanxi），and the the plant origins of the woods were identified by DNA fragments. The content of lignocellulose in the woods was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography and loss-on-ignition method. The content of polysaccharides of G. elata from these 4 areas was determined by Phenol-sulfuric acid method. The yields and polysaccharide content of G. elata cultivated with different woods species were compared and their correlation with the woods was analyzed. Result:The woods as fungus material of G. elata were diverse in species, and betulaceae was the most widely used species in cultivation of G. elata. There were differences in the composition ratio of lignocellulose in the woods. Nyssaceae had the highest cellulose content，Moraceae had the highest hemicellulose content and Rosaceae had the highest lignin content. Different woods species had certain effects on the yield and polysaccharide content of G. elata. The maximum yield of G. elata was 1 285.51 g and the lowest yield was 379.30 g. The average mass fraction of polysaccharide content was 241.1 mg·g-1，with a range of 87.95-411.2 mg·g-1. The yield and polysaccharide content of G. elata were highly positively correlated with the cellulose content of the woods, and highly negatively correlated with the lignin content. Conclusion:Different woods have a significant impact on the yield and quality of G. elata. Choosing the appropriate woods species will be beneficial to the absorption of nutrients for A. mellea and the yield increase of G. elata. This study can provide a scientific basis for the selection of woods species during the cultivation of G. elata.
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Aims@#Leptospira spp. has the ability to develop biofilm communities and this attribute is an essential factor to leptospiral pathogenesis. This study aims to assess and quantify the biofilm forming ability of intermediate and saprophytic Leptospira strains.@*Methodology and results@#The biofilm assay was quantified on microtitre polystyrene plates (abiotic) and wood chips (Jelutong Paya hardwood) over a duration of 11 days. Phase contrast light microscope was used to assess the structure of the on the surface. The biofilm production on wood chips surface were approximately one times higher than on polystyrene plate surface indicating Leptospira strains were capable of forming higher quantity of biofilm on biotic surface compared to abiotic surface by both intermediate and saprophytic Leptospira. A significant difference (p<0.05) exists in biofilms produced by Leptospira on wood surface which formed more biofilm than on polystyrene surface. The strongest biofilm producer is intermediate strain G14 with OD600 of 2.283±0.180 and OD600 of 2.333±0.037, on polystyrene and wood surface, respectively. Visualisation of biofilm by phase-contrast microscopy of two representative strains correlated with the OD values and the colour intensity of stained microtitre plates and wood surfaces. The biofilm formed comprises of a three-step process are adherence (1 th to 24 th h), maturation (6t h to 7 th day) and detachment (9 th to 11 th day) of biofilms.@*Conclusion, significance and impact of study@#The contact time of intermediate pathogenic strains was faster compared to saprophytic strain, indicating the biofilm forming ability is related to the level of pathogenicity of Leptospira strains.
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Objective To explore a new identification method for medicinal materials of Dysosma, and analyze the second internal transcribed spacer (ITS2) barcode sequences of Diphylleia sinensis and Dysosma versipellis, Sinopodophyllum hexandrum, Dysosma difformis and Dysosma pleiantha in five kinds of podophyllum. Methods The ITS2 of ribosomal DNA of medicinal materials of podophyllum was amplified and sequenced by bi-directional sequencing of PCR products. Sequence assembly and consensus sequence generation were performed by using CodonCode Aligner. Phylogenetic study was performed using software MEGA 5.1 in accordance with Kimura-2-parameter (K2P) model. Genetic distances were calculated and analyzed and the phylogenetic tree was constructed by using the neighbor-joining (NJ) method. Results There were significant differences among five kinds of Dysosma. Their maximum intraspecific genetic distance (K2P distance) was far lower than their minimum interspecific genetic distance with the other species. In the cluster dendrogram, all species showed monophyletic. Conclusion ITS2 sequence as DNA barcoding technique can be used to identify Chinese herbal materials of Dysosma.
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The article focuses on the consequences of Winnicott's style for his work and for the psychoanalysis inspired by his work. Within this framework, the article discusses possibilities and deadlocks for an appropriation of Winnicott's work and the complex relation between his work and dogmatism, formation, innovation and filiation.
O estilo de Winnicott e suas implicações: um estudo sobre autenticidade, filiação e influência em psicanálise. O artigo se propõe a abordar as consequências do estilo de Winnicott para sua produção e para a psicanálise inspirada por seu trabalho. Discute-se, nesse enquadre, as possibilidade e entraves para uma apropriação do trabalho de Winnicott e a complexa relação de sua obra com o dogmatismo, a formação e a inovação.
Subject(s)
Humans , Psychoanalytic Theory , Authorship , LanguageABSTRACT
O presente estudo tem como tema central o brincar, e parte do pressuposto de sua importância fundamental para o desenvolvimento do indivíduo e da cultura. Trata-se de uma pesquisa teórica cujo objetivo é a discussão e articulação do conceito de brincadeira em Walter Benjamin e Donald Winnicott. Parte-se da introdução ao pensamento de Winnicott para em seguida colocá-lo em diálogo com algumas ideias de Benjamin sobre o brincar. Ambos os autores destacam a importância da brincadeira na cultura e colocam em evidência sua dimensão psicológica. Os fenômenos transicionais de Winnicott e a doutrina das semelhanças de Benjamin apontam para o instante em que se criam as condições culturais, históricas e psicológicas para a invenção dos mundos que passamos a habitar.
This study focuses on the play, and uses the fundamental importance of this act for the development of the individual and of culture. This is a theoretical research, which uses discussion and concept articulation of playing present in Walter Benjamin and Donald Winnicott. It starts with an introduction to Winnicott, then putting his line of thought in dialogue with some of Benjamin's ideas about play. Both authors emphasize the importance of the play in culture and evidence its psychological dimension. The transitional phenomena of Winnicott and the similarities doctrine of Benjamin point to the moment when cultural, historical and psychological conditions are created for the invention of the worlds we come to live in.
Este estudio tiene como objetivo principal el jugar, y asume su importancia fundamental para el desarrollo del individuo y de la cultura. Se trata de una investigación teórica cuyo objetivo es la discusión y la articulación del concepto de jugar de Walter Benjamin y Donald Winnicott. Parte de la introducción al pensamiento de Winnicott para después ponerlo en diálogo con algunas ideas de Benjamin acerca del jugar. Ambos autores destacan la importancia del juego en la cultura y ponen su dimensión psicológica en evidencia. Los fenómenos transicionales de Winnicott y la doctrina de las similitudes de Benjamin señalan el momento en que las condiciones culturales, históricas y psicológicas son creadas para la invención de los mundos que habitamos.
La présente étude a pour thème principal l'acte de jouer, à partir du présupposition de l'importance fondamental de cet acte pour le développement de l'individu et de la culture. Il s'agit d'une recherche théorique dont le but est la discussion e l'articulation du concept de jouer chez Walter Benjamin et Donald Winnicott. On part de l'introduction à la pensée de Winnicott, pour en suite la met en dialogue avec quelques idée de Benjamin sur le jouer. Les deux auteurs détachent l'importance du jeu dans la culture et ils mettent en évidence sa dimension psychologique. Les phénomènes transitoires de Winnicott et la doctrine de similitude de Benjamin point à l'instante où on crie les conditions culturelles, historiques et psychologiques pour l'invention des mondes que nous habitons.
Subject(s)
Humans , Culture , Play and Playthings/psychologyABSTRACT
O vitiligo é uma dermatose adquirida de provável etiologia autoimune que se caracteriza por manchas acrômicas assemelhando-se com outras doenças discrômicas. O líquen escleroso, atualmente considerado por alguns autores como uma forma de esclerodermia, apresenta etiologia indefinida, porém com possível componente autoimune na patogênese. A associação entre as duas doenças não é rara. Relatamos um caso de uma paciente do sexo feminino com líquen escleroso associado ao vitiligo na mesma região topográfica no qual a luz de Wood foi útil na delimitação de cada uma das lesões, facilitando o manejo das duas doenças.
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As descrições de Testudines têm a sua origem no Triássico Superior da Alemanha, Suíça, Argentina e Tailândia, expondo três gêneros distintos: Proganochelys, Proterochersis e Palaeochersis. No presente estudo, objetivouse descrever a Anatomia óssea do crânio de Chellus fimbriatus, extensivo à contribuir com descrições morfológicas relevantes sobre a referida espécie, uma vez que há poucas informações específicas correlatas, e disponíveis na literatura. Tais informações podem ser relevantes para a compreensão das adaptações ao ambiente, bem como, às análises filogenéticas. Foram utilizados dois exemplares de Chellus fimbriatus, adultos e fêmeas, pertencentes ao acervo do Laboratório de Ensino e Pesquisa em Animais Silvestres (LAPAS), da Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, fixados em formol a 10%. Os exemplares foram dissecados (eviscerados e descarnados) manualmente, visando total visualização e clarificação dos ossos do crânio da Chellus fimbriatus, seguido de identificações ósseas, registradas através de fotografias com câmera digital, através de observação direta macroscópica, e finalmente descritas anatomicamente. O formato achatado e pontiagudo rostralmente do crânio de Chellus fimbriatus, observado no presente estudo, é semelhante a alguns representantes de Tryonichidae. Associa-se a projeção rostral em seta, do crânio de Chellus fimbriatus, à possível redução ou perda de alguns elementos, como o osso nasal, e à inserção de musculatura relativamente pequena. A mandíbula de Chellus fimbriatus é definida como fraca, sem tensão na projeção rostral, porém, forte, somente, nos pontos de inserção musculares da musculatura adutora, bem como, do complexo depressor. Tendo em vista a anatomia do crânio observada em Chellus fimbriatus, concluiu-se através de comparações interespecíficas, que se trata de uma espécie com características peculiares, e algumas bem destacadas, como o alongamento contínuo dos ossos localizados na face dorsal e ventral medianas, o diâmetro maior da cavidade timpânica e órbita, bem como, a ausência articular de algumas junções, e acentuado achatamento de toda a massa óssea craniana.
Descriptions of Testudines have their origin in the Triassic of Germany, Switzerland, Argentina and Thailand, exposing three distinct genres: Proganochelys, and Proterochersis Palaeochersis. The present study aimed to describe the bony anatomy of the skull of Chellus fimbriatus, contributing to extensive morphological descriptions relevant to the species, since there is little specific information related, and available in the literature. Such information may be relevant for understanding the adaptations to the environment, as well as the phylogenetic analyzes. We used two copies of Chellus fimbriatus, and adult females belonging to the collection of the Laboratory of Education and Research on Wild Animals (limpets), Federal University of Uberlândia, fixed in 10% formalin. The specimens were dissected (gutted and stripped) manually, seeking clarification and total viewing skull of Chellus fimbriatus, followed by bone identifications, recorded through photographs with a digital camera through direct observation macroscopic, and finally described anatomically. The flattened and pointed rostrally Skull Chellus fimbriatus, observed in this study is similar to some representatives of Tryonichidae. Joins the rostral projection in Arrow, Skull Chellus fimbriatus, the possible reduction or loss of some elements, such as the nasal bone, and the insertion of relatively small muscles. The jaw of Chellus fimbriatus is set to low, in projection rostral without tension, however, strong only at the point of insertion of the muscle adductor muscles, as well as the compound depressing. Considering the anatomy observed in the skull Chellus fimbriatus, it was found through interspecies comparisons, it is a species with unique characteristics, and some detached well as the continuous lengthening of bone located on the dorsal and ventral median diameter greater tympanic cavity and orbit, as well as, the absence of some articular joints and severe flattening of the whole cranial bone mass.
Subject(s)
Reptiles , Skull/anatomy & histology , Turtles , Bone and Bones/anatomy & histologyABSTRACT
A total of 45 native Costa Rican tree species are threatened or in danger of extinction, but the Convention on International Trade Endangered Species (CITES) includes only eight of these in its Appendices. However, the identification of other species based on their wood anatomy is limited. The present study objective was to describe and to compare wood anatomy and fluorescence activity in some endangered or threatened species of Costa Rica. A total of 45 (22 endangered and 23 threatened with extinction) wood samples of these species, from the xylaria of the Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica and the Forest Products Laboratory in Madison, Wisconsin, were examined. Surface fluorescence was positive in eight species, water extract fluorescence was positive in six species and ethanol extract fluorescence was positive in 24 species. Almost all species were diffuse porous except for occasional (Cedrela odorata, C. fissilis, Cordia gerascanthus) or regular (C. salvadorensis and C. tonduzii) semi-ring porosity. A dendritic vessel arrangement was found in Sideroxylon capari, and pores were solitary in Guaiacum sanctum and Vantanea barbourii. Vessel element length was shortest in Guaiacum sanctum and longest in Humiriastrum guianensis, Minquartia guianensis and Vantanea barbourii. Finally, anatomical information and fluorescence activity were utilized to construct an identification key of species, in which fluorescence is a feature used in identification.
Un total de 45 especies de árboles de Costa Rica se catalogaron como amenazadas o en peligro de extinción, de las cuales, CITES (Convention on International Trade Endangered Species) incluye solamente ocho en sus Apéndices. Sin embargo, la identificación de las especies basadas en su anatomía es muy limitada. El presente estudio tiene el objetivo describir y comparar la anatomía y la fluorescencia de las especies amenazadas o en peligro de extinción de Costa Rica. Muestras de madera de las especies en peligro de extinción o amenazadas de la xiloteca del Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica y del Laboratorio de Productos Forestales de los Estados Unidos en Wisconsin se examinaron, se describió su anatomía, se evaluó su actividad fluorescente y se midió su densidad. La superficie de la madera fue fluorescente en ocho especies, el extracto en agua fue fluorescente en seis especies y el extracto en etanol fue positivo en 24 especies. Muchas de las especies presentaban porosidad difusa, excepto algunas Cedrela odorata, C. fissilis, Cordia gerascanthus C. salvadorensis y C. tonduzii que presentaban porosidad semi-anular. Vasos con distribución déndrica se encontró en Sideroxylon capari y poros solitarios en Guaiacum sanctum y Vantanea barbourii. Los vasos más cortos se encontraron en Guaiacum sanctum y los vasos más largos en Humiriastrum guianensis, Minquartia guianensis y Vantanea barbourii. Finalmente, la información de la anatomía y de su fluorescencia se utilizó para construir una clave de identificación, donde la actividad de fluorescencia juega un papel importante en la identificación.
Subject(s)
Endangered Species , Trees/classification , Wood/anatomy & histology , Costa Rica , Fluorescence , Trees/anatomy & histologyABSTRACT
Introduction. Magnesium sulfate is a calcium antagonist that inhibits bronchial smooth muscle contraction promoting bronchodilation. It is used for the management of acute severe asthma in children; however most of the studies have been performed in adults. Objective. To evaluate the effectiveness of intravenous magnesium sulfate for the treatment of pediatric patients with acute severe asthma exacerbations. Population and Methods. A clinical, randomized, controlled trial was conducted between March 2006 and March 2011 at Hospital Universitario Austral. Children with acute severe asthma admitted to the emergency department were randomized into two groups. Group A (control group): standard protocol for the initial treatment of acute asthma exacerbation. Group B: treatment protocol with magnesium sulphate for acute severe asthma exacerbation. The primary outcome was the requirement of invasive or non invasive mechanical ventilation support. Results. One hundred and forty three patients randomized into 2 groups were analyzed. The treatment group included 76 patients receiving magnesium sulfate within the first hour of the initiation of rescue treatment at the hospital, and the control group included 67 patients not treated with magnesium sulphate. Among the patients in the control group, 33% (n= 22) required mechanical ventilation support, compared to only 5% (n= 4) of the patients in the treatment group (p = 0.001). Conclusions. Intravenous infusion of magnesium sulfate during the first hour of hospitalization in patients with acute severe asthma significantly reduced the percentage of children who required mechanical ventilation support.
Introducción. El sulfato de magnesio es un antagonista del calcio que inhibe la contracción del músculo liso bronquial y favorece la broncodilatación. Se utiliza en el manejo del asma aguda grave en pediatría no obstante haber sido la mayoría de los estudios desarrollados en adultos. Objetivo. Evaluar la eficacia del sulfato de magnesio endovenoso para exacerbaciones graves de pacientes asmáticos pediátricos. Población y métodos. Se realizó un estudio clínico, controlado y aleatorizado, entre marzo de 2006 y marzo de 2011 en el Hospital Universitario Austral. Los pacientes con asma aguda grave admitidos en Emergencias se aleatorizaron en dos grupos. Grupo A: protocolo inicial estándar de exacerbación asmática aguda grave. Grupo B: protocolo de intervención con sulfato de magnesio de exacerbación asmática aguda grave. La variable principal de resultado fue la necesidad de soporte invasivo o no invasivo ventilatorio mecánico. Resultados. Se analizaron 143 pacientes aleatorizados en 2 grupos. El grupo de intervención de 76 pacientes que recibieron tratamiento con sulfato de magnesio dentro de la primera hora de iniciado el tratamiento de rescate en el hospital, y el grupo control testigo de 67 pacientes que no recibieron tratamiento con sulfato de magnesio. El 33% (n= 22) de los pacientes del grupo control requirió asistencia ventilatoria mecánica, en comparación con solo 4 (5%) de los pacientes del grupo intervención (p= 0,001). Conclusiones. El uso de sulfato de magnesio en infusión endovenosa en la primera hora de ingreso del paciente con asma aguda grave redujo significativamente el porcentaje de niños que requirieron asistencia ventilatoria mecánica.
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Male , Anti-Asthmatic Agents/therapeutic use , Asthma/drug therapy , Magnesium Sulfate/therapeutic use , Acute Disease , Disease Progression , Hospitals, University , Respiration, Artificial , Tertiary Care CentersABSTRACT
Aborda a questão filosófica da intersubjetividade, além da questão tradicional da alteridade. A primazia desta questão não concerne somente à filosofia, mas aparece central nas perspectivas da psicanálise e da psicopatologia, pois trata-se aqui da constituição do relacionamento com o outro, uma experiência fundada na memória do infantil, e jamais adquirida de forma definitiva. A fenomenologia merleau-pontyana explicita essa experiência cotidiana do outro. A psicanálise winnicottiana permite reconstituir uma genealogia da intersubjetividade, uma descrição de vivências arcaicas atestáveis graças à transferência, conduzindo a consequências éticas, tanto na teorização, como na clínica, e no atendimento de formas contemporâneas da psicopatologia. Ressalta como a centralidade do corpo e do outro na fenomenologia de Merleau-Ponty tem ecos na psicanálise winnicottiana e como ambas revelam um ato psíquico específico, próprio à intersubjetividade e à figuração do afeto, entre percepção e alucinação, interior e exterior, sujeito e outro.
This article aims to tackle the question of intersubjectivity, beyond the traditional philosophical question of otherness. This issue is fundamental in philosophy, but also in psychoanalysis and psychopathology, since it involves the constitution of a relationship with the other, an experience based on infantile memory and never definitively acquired. This involves various theoretical and clinical experiences, as far as the treatment of contemporary psychopathological forms is concerned. The author shows how Merleau-Ponty's interest for the body and the other echoes winnicottian psychoanalysis and how both reveal a mental act specific to intersubjectivity and affect figurability, lying between perception and hallucination, inside and outside, subject and other.
Cet article tente d'aborder la question de l'intersubjectivité, par delà la traditionnelle question de l'altérité. Non seulement cette question est fondamentale en philosophie, mais elle apparaît centrale pour la psychanalyse et la psychopathologie, puisqu'il s'agit ici de la constitution de la relation avec autrui, une expérience fondée sur la mémoire de l'infantile, et jamais acquise de manière définitive. L'auteur montre comment la centralité du corps et d'autrui dans la phénoménologie de Merleau-Ponty a des échos dans la psychanalyse winnicottienne, et comment toutes deux révèlent un acte psychique propre à l'intersubjectivité et à la figurabilité de l'affect, entre perception et hallucination, intérieur et extérieur, sujet et autrui.
Este artículo pretende abordar la cuestión filosófica de la intersubjectividad, más allá de la cuestión tradicional de la alteridad. La preeminencia de esta cuestión no concierne sólo la filosofía: aparece central en la perspectiva del psicoanálisis y de la psicopatología, pues se trata aquí de la constitución del relacionamiento con el otro, una experiencia fundada sobre la memoria infantil y nunca adquirida de forma definitiva. El autor evidencia como la centralidad del cuerpo y del otro en la fenomenología de Merleau-Ponty tiene ecos en el psicoanálisis winnicottiano, y como ambos revelan un acto psíquico específico propio a la intersubjectividad y a la figuración del afecto, entre percepción y alucinación, interior y exterior, sujeto y otro.
Subject(s)
Affect , Psychoanalysis , Psychoanalytic TheoryABSTRACT
Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo avaliar a qualidade de painéis aglomerados produzidos com resíduos de processamento em serraria de nove espécies de madeiras tropicais da Amazônia. As espécies estudadas foram: Scleronema micranthum Ducke (Cardeiro), Ecclinusa guianensis Eyma (Caucho), Scleronema sp. (Castanha-de-paca), Copaifera multijuga Hayne (Copaíba), Ocotea sp. (Louro), Ocotea guianensis Aubl (Louro-espinho), Caryocar villosum Pers. (Piquiarana), Couratari oblongifolia Ducke & R. Knuth (Tauari) e Virola surinamensis Rol. Warb (Virola). Foram produzidos painéis experimentais com densidade nominal de 0,75 g.cm-3, utilizando a resina uréia-formaldeído na proporção de 8 por cento de sólidos - base peso seco das partículas. Os painéis foram prensados com pressão específica de 4,0 MPa, temperatura de 160 ºC e tempo de prensagem de oito minutos. As avaliações dos resultados de ensaios obtidos nesta pesquisa indicam a viabilidade técnica de utilização das nove espécies provenientes de florestas tropicais da Amazônia na produção de painéis de madeira aglomerada, com destaque para Ecclinusa guianensis Eyma (Caucho) que, de uma forma geral, apresentou melhores resultados de propriedades físico-mecânicas.
This research was developed to evaluate the quality of particleboards manufactured from sawmill waste of nine tropical wood species of Amazônia. The following species were studied: Scleronema micranthum Ducke (Cardeiro), Ecclinusa guianensis Eyma (Caucho), Scleronema sp. (Castanha-de-paca), Copaifera multijuga Hayne (Copaíba), Ocotea sp. (Louro), Ocotea guianensis Aubl (Louro-espinho), Caryocar villosum Pers. (Piquiarana), Couratari oblongifolia (Tauari) e Virola surinamensis Rol. Warb (Virola). The experimental boards were manufactured with the nominal density of 0.75 g.cm-3, using the urea-formaldehyde resin in the proportion of 8 percent of solid content based on oven dried wood particles. The boards were pressed at the specific pressure of 40 kgf/cm², temperature of 160 ºC and press time of eight minutes. The evaluations of test results obtained in this study indicate the potential use of the nine species from Amazon rainforest in the production of particleboard, highlighting Ecclinusa guianensis (Caucho) that, in general, showed better results of physical and mechanical properties.
Subject(s)
Urea , FormaldehydeABSTRACT
Neste artigo pretende-se mostrar que, para Winnicott, o fundamento do processo de simbolização está na atividade que caracteriza a expansão da área dos fenômenos transicionais. Enquanto para Klein, a relação com objetos que são símbolos de outros objetos ocorre como defesa contra a angústia derivada das relações objetais, para Winnicott, esta relação deriva da atividade do brincar e da criatividade a ela associada. Essa diferença caracteriza a maneira como cada um desses autores concebe a entrada do homem na vida cultural, e como eles concebem os objetivos do método de tratamento psicanalítico.
We intent to show that, for Winnicott, the base of the symbolization process is in the activity that characterizes the expansion of the area of transitional phenomena. Melanie Klein considers that the relation with objects that are symbols of other objects occurs as a defense strategy against anxiety that results from object relations, while for Winnicott, this relation derives from the play activity and creativity associated to it. This difference characterizes the way each of the authors conceives the entering of the human being in cultural life and how they conceive the objectives of the psychoanalytical treatment method.
En este artículo, tengo la intención de mostrar que, para Winnicott, el fundamento del proceso de simbolización se encuentra en la actividad que caracteriza la expansión del área de los fenómenos transicionales. Mientras para Klein, la relación con objetos que son símbolos de otros objetos se produce como defensa contra la angustia que resulta de las relaciones con los objetos, para Winnicott, esta relación resulta de la actividad de jugar y de la creatividad asociada a ella. Esta diferencia caracteriza la manera cómo cada uno de los autores concibe la entrada del hombre en la vida cultural, y como conciben los objetivos del método de tratamiento psicoanalítico.
Subject(s)
Anxiety , RecreationABSTRACT
Growth ring analysis on silicified coniferous woods from the Missão Velha Formation (Araripe Basin - Brazil) has yielded important information about periodicity of wood production during the Early Cretaceous in the equatorial belt. Despite warm temperatures, dendrological data indicate that the climate was characterized by cyclical alternation of dry and rainy periods influenced by cyclical precipitations, typical of tropical wet and dry or savanna climate. The abundance of false growth rings can be attributed to both occasional droughts and arthropod damage. The present climate data agree with palaeoclimatic models that inferred summer-wet biomes for the Late Jurassic/Early Cretaceous boundary in the southern equatorial belt.
A partir de análise de anéis de crescimento em lenhos de coníferas silicificadas provenientes da Formação Missão Velha(Bacia do Araripe - Brasil), obteve-se importantes informações a respeito da periodicidade de produção lenhosa duranteo início do Cretáceo, na região do equador. Apesar das estimativas de temperatura apresentarem-se elevadas, os dados dendrológicos indicam que o clima foi caracterizado pela alternância cíclica de períodos secos e chuvosos, influenciado por precipitações periódicas, típico das condições atuais de climatropical úmido e seco ou savana. A abundância de falsosanéis de crescimento pode ser atribuída tanto a secas ocasionais quanto a danos causados por artrópodes. Os dados paleoclimáticos aqui obtidos corroboram com modelos paleoclimáticos que inferem a ocorrência de um bioma de verões úmidos para o limite Neojurássico/Eocretáceo ao sul do equador.
Subject(s)
Biological Evolution , Tracheophyta , Fossils , Wood , Brazil , Climate , Tracheophyta/growth & development , Tropical Climate , Wood/growth & developmentABSTRACT
Composition of the Araneae (Arachnida) fauna of the provincial Iberá Reserve, Corrientes, Argentina. A survey of the spider community composition and diversity was carried out in grasslands and woods in three localities: Colonia Pellegrini, Paraje Galarza and Estancia Rincón (iberá province Reserve). Pit fall traps, leaf litter sifting, foliage beating, hand collecting and sweep nets were used. Shannons diversity index, evenness, Berger-Parkers dominance index, ß and 
diversity were calculated, and a checklist of spider fauna was compiled. Species richness was estimated by Chao 1, Chao 2, first and second order Jack-knife. A total of 4 138 spiders grouped into 150 species from 33 families of Araneomorphae and two species from two families of Mygalomorphae were collected. Five species are new records for Argentina and eleven for Corrientes province. Araneidae was the most abundant family (39.8%), followed by Salticidae (10.9%), Anyphaenidae (7.9%), Tetragnathidae (7.4%), and Lycosidae (5.5%). The other families represented less than 5% of the total catch. The web-builder guild had the highest number of specimens and the highest richness index. The abundance, observed richness, Shannon diversity and evenness indexes were highest in Colonia Pellegrini woodland and Paraje Galarza grassland. Alpha diversity represented 89% of the gamma; the remaining 11% corresponded to ß diversity. According to the indexes, between 67% and 97% of the existing spider fauna was represented in the collected specimens from iberá. Rev. Biol. Trop. 57 (1-2): 339-351. Epub 2009 June 30.
Se estudió la composición y diversidad de la comunidad de arañas de la Reserva provincial iberá, Corrientes, Argentina. Se realizaron capturas en bosque y pastizal en Colonia Pellegrini, Paraje Galarza y Estancia Rincón por medio de las técnicas de muestreo: trampas "pit-fall", tamizado, golpeteo de follaje, observación directa y red de arrastre. Las arañas se agruparon en gremios y se compiló un inventario. La similitud entre localidades y unidades ambientales se midió con el índice de Jaccard, y se calcularon los índices de diversidad de Shannon, equitabilidad, dominancia de Berger-Parker, y la diversidad beta y gamma. Para estimar la riqueza de especies se utilizó Chao 1, Chao 2, Jackknife 1 y 2. En total se recolectaron 4 138 arañas, se identificaron 33 familias y 150 especies de Araneomorphae, y dos familias y dos especies de Mygalomorphae. Cinco especies son nuevos registros para Argentina y 11 para la provincia de Corrientes. Araneidae fue la familia más abundante (39.8%), seguida por Salticidae (10.9%), Anyphaenidae (7.9%), Tetragnathidae (7.4%), Lycosidae (5.5%), y las restantes familias representaron menos del 5% de la captura total. El gremio de arañas tejedoras de telas orbiculares fue el de mayor abundancia y riqueza de especies. Entre las unidades ambientales, la mayor abundancia, riqueza y diversidad se verificó en el bosque de Colonia Pellegrini y en el pastizal de Paraje Galarza. La diversidad a fue alta, representó el 89% de la diversidad gamma, y la diversidad ß constituyó el 11% restante. Según los diferentes índices se capturó entre el 67% y el 97% de las especies que están presentes en la Reserva.
Subject(s)
Animals , Biodiversity , Spiders/classification , Argentina , Population DensityABSTRACT
A indústria da madeira do estado de Amazonas (Brasil) contribui com a produção de uma quantidade grande de resíduos. Este trabalho visa indicar o uso final para espécie florestal pau-rainha (Brosimum rubescens Taubert, Moraceae). Os resíduos descartados durante o processamento mecânico da madeira foram utilizados na confecção de artefatos como: instrumentos musicais e artigos decorativos gerando resíduos menores (serragens). Foram obtidos extratos das serragens do cerne e alburno por maceração com hexano e metanol. O teor extrativo no cerne foi 19,87 por cento e a porcentagem (com relação a serragem) de xantiletina (2,2-dimetilcromeno cumarina) obtida foi 2,35 por cento. Não foi detectada a cumarina nos extratos do alburno. A xantiletina é reportada pelas atividades antiplaquetária, antifúngica e herbicida e alguns derivados possuem atividade em linhagens de células leucêmicas. A proposta de uso final adequado dos resíduos de pau-rainha para confecção de artefatos tem uma grande importância social e a busca de metabólitos secundários é bastante promissora pois estes podem ser transformados em novos produtos.
Timber industry of Amazonas state (Brazil) contribute with the production of great amount of residues. This paper aims to indicating end-uses for this forest species pau-rainha (Brosimum rubescens Taubert, Moraceae). The residues discharged during the mechanical processing in timber production were used as manufactured goods such as: musical instruments and decorative articles generating less wastes in sawmills. They were carried sawdust of the heartwood and sapwood and extraction by maceration with hexane and methanol. The heartwood extractive yield was 19.87 percent and content of xanthyletin (2,2-dimethylchromene coumarin) was 2.35 percent with basis dry mass. It was not detected the coumarin in extracts of sapwood. Xanthyletin is reported as antiplatelet, antifungal and herbicide and some its derivatives have a leukaemic cells lineage activities. The proposal of adequate end-uses of "pau-rainha" as manufacture-goods is a great social benefit and the search of secondary metabolites is quite promising it can be transformed into novel products.
Subject(s)
Tropical Climate , Waste Products , WoodABSTRACT
Con mucha frecuencia se escucha hablar del papel de la madre en la vida y en el desarrollo psíquico del niño. El gran ausente en la mayoría de todos esos discursos es el padre. Desde hace muchos años, nuestra sociedad se ha ido configurando como una sociedad sin padre.
Very often we hear about the role of the mother in the life and psychic development of the child. The great absentee in most of all those speeches is the father. For many years, our society has been configured as a society without a father.
Subject(s)
Humans , Parent-Child Relations , Parents , Psychoanalysis , Psychology, ChildABSTRACT
The wood anatomy of 7 species from the Brazilian Amazon forest was studied to evaluate them for energy production (charcoal and alcohol) and for paper production. Transverse. For paper production, the wood was qualified according to the coefficient of rigidity and flexibility, density, Runkel index, the percent of fibers, vessel, axial parenchyma and percent of area occupied by rays. For energy production, wall fraction in relation to the area occupied by cells (%), percent of fibers, vessel, and both axial and ray parenchyma, as well as wall density were considered. The study was based on 3 areas of the cross section of the trunk, from the center towards the sapwood. On the basis of anatomy and density, Bellucia grossularioides, Cecropia palmata, Duguetia cauliflora, Eschweilera matamata and Parkia multijuga can be used for pulp for paper production, and Myrocarpus frondosus, Sloanea grandis can be used for charcoal production.
Foram estudadas as características anatômicas da madeira de 7 espécies ocorrentes na floresta Amazônia com vistas a geração de energia ou produção de papel. Para qualificação de madeira para produção de papel consideraram-se, dentre outros parâmetros, o coeficiente de rigidez e de flexibilidade, densidade, índice de Runkel, percentual de fibras, vasos, parênquima axial e de raios. Para produção de energia determinaram-se a densidade, a fração parede (%) das células em relação a área ocupada por cada tipo de células, percentual de fibras, de vasos e de parênquima axial e radial. O estudo foi baseado em 3 áreas de seções transversais, orientadas do centro em direção ao alburno. Com base nas características anatômicas e na densidade, Bellucia grossularioides, Cecropia palmata, Duguetia cauliflora, Eschweilera matamata e Parkia multuijuga podem ser usadas para polpa destinada a produção de papel, e Myrocarpus frondosus, Sloaneagrandis podem ser usadas na produção de carvão.