Consideraciones metodológicas en el estudio de la discriminación laboral percibida y su asociación con la salud de los trabajadores y resultados ocupacionales: revisión panorámica / Methodological considerations in the study of perceived discrimination at work and its association with workers health and occupational outcomes: A scoping review

Introducción La discriminación laboral percibida es un fenómeno complejo que implica un trato injusto en el lugar de trabajo, basado en características personales como edad, etnia, género o discapacidad. El objetivo de este estudio es explorar cómo ha sido investigada la discriminación laboral percibida, en el contexto de investigaciones acerca de su asociación con salud y resultados ocupacionales. Métodos Siguiendo la guía PRISMA-ScR y la metodología del Instituto Joanna Briggs, se realizó una revisión panorámica de artículos publicados entre los años 2000 y 2022 en bases de datos como PubMed, Scopus y PsycInfo. Los criterios de inclusión se centraron en estudios que exploraron la discriminación laboral percibida en trabajadores, excluyendo aquellos en pacientes, estudiantes o población general, y artículos no escritos en inglés o español. Resultados De los 9871 artículos identificados, 102 cumplieron con los criterios y fueron analizados. La investigación mostró un aumento progresivo en el estudio de la discriminación laboral percibida, con una mayoría de estudios en América del Norte y Europa y un predominio de diseños transversales. La mayoría no definió claramente el concepto de discriminación laboral percibida ni reportó las características psicométricas de los instrumentos de medición. Se encontró una asociación significativa entre la discriminación percibida y resultados negativos en la salud mental y física de los trabajadores, así como un impacto negativo en la satisfacción laboral y un aumento en el ausentismo. Además, las características sociodemográficas como raza/etnia, género y edad influyeron en la percepción de discriminación. Conclusiones Esta revisión confirma que la discriminación laboral percibida impacta considerablemente la salud y satisfacción laboral de los trabajadores, afectando más a minorías y mujeres. A pesar de un incremento en su investigación en las últimas dos décadas, persiste una carencia de consistencia en la definición y medición del fenómeno. La mayoría de los estudios han utilizado diseños transversales, y se observa una notable ausencia de investigaciones en el contexto latinoamericano.

Introduction Perceived workplace discrimination is a complex phenomenon involving unfair treatment in the workplace based on personal characteristics such as age, ethnicity, gender, or disability. The objective of this study is to explore the association of perceived workplace discrimination with health and occupational outcomes. Methods Following the PRISMA-ScR guidelines and the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology, a scoping review of articles published between 2000 and 2022 was conducted in databases such as Pubmed, Scopus, and PsyInfo. Inclusion criteria focused on studies exploring perceived workplace discrimination among workers, excluding those on patients, students, or the general population, and articles not written in English or Spanish. Results Of the 9,871 articles identified, 102 met the criteria and were analyzed. Research showed a progressive increase in the study of perceived workplace discrimination, with a majority of studies in North America and Europe and a predominance of cross-sectional designs. Most studies did not clearly define the concept of perceived workplace discrimination nor report the psychometric characteristics of the measurement instruments. A significant association was found between perceived discrimination and negative outcomes in workers' mental and physical health, as well as a negative impact on job satisfaction and an increase in absenteeism. Additionally, sociodemographic characteristics such as race/ethnicity, gender, and age influenced the perception of discrimination. Conclusions This review confirms that perceived workplace discrimination significantly impacts the health and job satisfaction of workers, with particular detriment in minorities and women. Despite an increase in research over the last two decades, there remains a lack of consistency in the definition and measurement of the phenomenon. Most studies have used cross-sectional designs, and there is a notable absence of research in the Latin American context.

Percepções de enfermeiros da atenção primária sobre valorização no trabalho: o clamor de uma categoria / Perceptions of primary care nurses on value at work: the clamor of a category / Percepciones de las enfermeras de atención primaria sobre el valor en el trabajo: el clamor de una categoría

Objetivo: Conhecer as percepções de enfermeiros da Atenção Primária à Saúde sobre a valorização no trabalho. Métodos: Estudo qualitativo, descritivo e exploratório, realizado com 132 enfermeiros que atuavam na atenção primária à saúde, em 23 municípios do estado de Minas Gerais. Os dados foram coletados por meio de formulário on-line, analisados conforme pressupostos da análise de conteúdo, com amparo do software Iramuteq. Resultados: A maioria dos participantes eram do sexo feminino (114 - 86,37%), com idade entre 22 e 60 anos, com carga horária de trabalho semanal de 40 horas e recebiam entre 2- 4 salários mínimos. A partir das análises, os dados foram organizados em três categorias temáticas ­ Valorização: reconhecimento do trabalho do enfermeiro; Valorização: satisfação com o salário e Valorização: interdependência com as condições de trabalho. Conclusão: Os enfermeiros percebem que a valorização está atrelada ao reconhecimento profissional, à satisfação com o salário e às condições adequadas de trabalho, tais como: carga horária menor e recursos materiais. Consideraram que o reconhecimento externado por outros atores envolvidos na relação de cuidado, como gestores, usuários e profissionais de saúde, é essencial para a valorização do trabalho. (AU)

Objective: To understand the perceptions of Primary Health Care nurses regarding job appreciation. Methods: A qualitative, descriptive, and exploratory study conducted with 132 nurses working in primary health care across 23 municipalities in the state of Minas Gerais. Data were collected through an online form and analyzed using content analysis assumptions, supported by the Iramuteq software. Results: The majority of participants were female (114 - 86.37%), aged between 22 and 60, with a weekly working hours of 40, and earning between 2-4 minimum wages. Through analysis, data were organized into three thematic categories ­ Appreciation: recognition of the nurse's work; Appreciation: satisfaction with the salary, and Appreciation: interdependence with working conditions. Conclusion: Nurses perceive that appreciation is linked to professional recognition, satisfaction with salary, and appropriate working conditions such as reduced working hours and material resources. They considered external recognition from other stakeholders in the care relationship, such as managers, users, and healthcare professionals, as essential for job appreciation. (AU)

Objetivo: Conocer las percepciones de los enfermeros de la Atención Primaria a la Salud sobre la valorización en el trabajo. Métodos: Estudio cualitativo, descriptivo y exploratorio realizado con 132 enfermeros que trabajaban en la atención primaria a la salud, en 23 municipios del estado de Minas Gerais. Los datos se recopilaron a través de un formulario en línea y se analizaron según los supuestos del análisis de contenido, con el apoyo del software Iramuteq. Resultados: La mayoría de los participantes eran mujeres (114 - 86,37%), con edades entre 22 y 60 años, con una carga horaria de trabajo semanal de 40 horas y recibían entre 2-4 salarios mínimos. A través de análisis, los datos se organizaron en tres categorías temáticas: Valorización: reconocimiento del trabajo del enfermero; Valorización: satisfacción con el salario y Valorización: interdependencia con las condiciones de trabajo. Conclusión: Los enfermeros perciben que la valorización está vinculada al reconocimiento profesional, la satisfacción con el salario y las condiciones de trabajo adecuadas, como una carga horaria reducida y recursos materiales. Consideraron que el reconocimiento externo por parte de otros actores involucrados en la relación de cuidado, como gestores, usuarios y profesionales de la salud, es esencial para la valorización del trabajo. (AU)

Experiência de retorno ao trabalho de mulheres que tiveram aborto espontâneo / Return to work experience of women who had gestational loss / Experiencia de regreso al trabajo de mujeres que tuvieron un aborto espontáneo

INTRODUÇÃO: O aborto espontâneo pode acarretar impactos psicossociais prolongados para a mulher. A presença de uma rede de apoio, inclusive no ambiente de trabalho, é essencial para o luto saudável, uma vez que o retorno às atividades laborais após o aborto é um evento significativo. OBJETIVO: Compreender a experiência de retorno ao trabalho de mulheres que tiveram aborto espontâneo. MÉTODO: Realizou-se uma pesquisa de natureza qualitativa, com três mulheres, maiores de 18 anos, residentes no Litoral Norte de estado da região Sul do Brasil, que se encontravam regularmente empregadas durante e após a gestação e que tiveram aborto espontâneo nos últimos 2 anos. Como instrumento para a coleta de dados, foi utilizada a entrevista semiestruturada e os dados coletados foram analisados pela análise de conteúdo. RESULTADOS: Os resultados demonstraram que o contexto laboral carece de preparo para receber a mulher enlutada, seja enquanto recursos organizacionais como pessoais. CONCLUSÃO: Destaca-se a importância da implementação, nas organizações, de ações que promovam o acolhimento da mulher após o aborto espontâneo.

| INTRODUCTION: Gestational loss can lead to prolonged psychosocial impacts for the woman. The presence of a support network, including in the workplace, is essential for healthy grieving, since returning to work after a miscarriage is a significant event. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to understand the experience of returning to work of women who had a pregnancy loss. METHOD: A qualitative research was conducted with three women, over 18 years old, residents on the North Coast of a state in the Southern region of Brazil, who were regularly employed during and after pregnancy and who had a miscarriage in the last 2 years. As an instrument for data collection, a semi-structured interview was employed, and the data collected was analyzed by content analysis. RESULTS: The results showed that the labor context lacks preparation to receive the bereaved woman, both as organizational and personal resources. CONCLUSION: It is worth highlighting the importance of implementing, in organizations, actions that promote the support of women after gestational loss.

| INTRODUCCIÓN: El aborto espontáneo puede tener impactos psicosociales prolongados en las mujeres. La presencia de una red de apoyo, incluso en el lugar de trabajo, es fundamental para un duelo saludable, ya que el retorno a las actividades laborales después de un aborto es un evento significativo. OBJETIVO: Comprender la experiencia de retorno al trabajo de mujeres que han sufrido un aborto espontáneo. MÉTODO: Se realizó una investigación cualitativa con 3 mujeres, mayores de 18 años, residentes en la costa norte de un estado de la región sur de Brasil, que trabajaban regularmente durante y después del embarazo y que habían experimentado un aborto espontáneo en los últimos 2 años. Como instrumento para la recolección de datos se utilizó la entrevista semiestructurada y los datos recolectados fueron analizados mediante análisis de contenido. RESULTADOS: Los resultados demostraron que el contexto laboral carece de preparación para recibir a la mujer en duelo, ya sea como recursos organizacionales o personales. CONCLUSIÓN: Se destaca la importancia de implementar, en las organizaciones, acciones que promuevan la acogida de las mujeres después de un aborto espontáneo.

Invisibility and devaluation of nursing work: related factors and coping strategies

Nursing represents the largest professional category in the health field worldwide, with 27.9 million professionals, representing 59% of the entire health workforce.(1) The World Health Organization has warned of the need for greater investments in training, better working conditions and encouraging the development of nursing leadership as one of the means to achieve universal health coverage and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).(1) However, even though they are essential to health systems, these professionals face problems related to the representation of their image, which contributes to a scenario of devaluation, which has proved to be an obstacle to the development of the profession. Thus, in an exercise of understanding this phenomenon, it is considered that the factors that follow contribute greatly to configure the devaluation scenario

Construcciones identitarias en gendarmes: un enfoque de género / Identity constructions in gendarmes: a gender perspective / Construções de identidade em gendarmes: uma abordagem de gênero

Objetivo: Se presenta un análisis sobre la identidad organizacional y el rol ocupacional de los y las gendarmes pertenecientes al Centro de Detención Preventiva Santiago Sur desde el concepto de "trabajo sucio" y una perspectiva de género. Metodología: Se realizaron diez entrevistas semiestructuradas a gendarmes ­cinco gendarmes hombres y cinco gendarmes mujeres­ en cuanto a su rol e identidad organizacional, ocupacional, profesional y personal. Resultados: Se verificaron diferencias de género en cuanto a la configuración de sus identidades personales y ocupacionales, situación que no es replicada en el plano de sus identidades organizacionales y profesionales, que tienden a compartir. Conclusiones: Existen diferencias significativas en la forma en la que los y las gendarmes desarrollan su identidad personal, y que radican principalmente en la relevancia que atribuyen a los roles e identidades asociadas con la vida familiar. En cuanto a las restantes dimensiones identitarias, se identificaron importantes similitudes en cuanto a valores y creencias que los sujetos expresan y vivencian; estas parecen vincularse a prácticas y a una cultura tradicional y conservadora institucional en materia de género. Alcance: La investigación es de carácter exploratorio y busca aportar antecedentes empíricos sobre los cuales basar futuras investigaciones en este campo.

Objective: An analysis is presented on the organisational identity and occupational role of the gendarmes belonging to the Santiago Sur Preventive Detention Centre from the concept of "dirty work" and a gender perspective. Methodology: Ten semi-structured interviews were conducted with gendarmes -five male gendarmes and five female gendarmes- regarding their organisational, occupational, professional and personal roles and identities. Results: Gender differences were found in the configuration of their personal and occupational identities, a situation that is not replicated in their organisational and professional identities, which tend to be shared by both gendarmes and gendarmes. Conclusions: There are significant differences in the way in which gendarmes develop their personal identities, which lie mainly in the relevance they attribute to the roles and identities associated with family life. As for the remaining identity dimensions, important similarities were identified in terms of the values and beliefs that the subjects express and experience; these seem to be linked to traditional and conservative institutional gender practices and culture. Scope: The research is exploratory in nature and seeks to provide empirical background on which to base future research in this field.

Objetivo: Apresenta-se uma análise da identidade organizacional e do papel ocupacional dos gendarmes pertencentes ao Centro de Detenção Preventiva Santiago Sur a partir do conceito de "trabalho sujo" e de uma perspectiva de gênero. Metodologia: Foram realizadas dez entrevistas semiestruturadas com policiais - cinco homens e cinco mulheres - sobre seus papéis e identidades organizacionais, ocupacionais, profissionais e pessoais. Resultados: Foram verificadas diferenças de gênero em termos da configuração de suas identidades pessoais e ocupacionais, uma situação que não se repete no nível de suas identidades organizacionais e profissionais, que elas tendem a compartilhar. Conclusões: Existem diferenças significativas na forma como os gendarmes desenvolvem suas identidades pessoais, que residem principalmente na relevância que atribuem aos papéis e identidades associados à vida familiar. Quanto às demais dimensões da identidade, foram identificadas semelhanças importantes em termos dos valores e crenças que os sujeitos expressam e vivenciam, que parecem estar ligados às práticas e à cultura de gênero institucionais tradicionais e conservadoras. Escopo: A pesquisa é de natureza exploratória e busca fornecer antecedentes empíricos que sirvam de base para futuras pesquisas nesse campo

Efecto de la "ley de residentes" sobre el bienestar laboral en cirugía: resultados de un estudio nacional de métodos mixtos en Colombia / Effect of the "residents' law" on occupational well-being in surgery: Results of a national mixed methods study in Colombia

Introducción. El efecto de las políticas para el mejoramiento del bienestar de los residentes, en términos de desgaste profesional y compromiso laboral, es controversial y su resultado tras la implementación de la "ley de residentes" (1917/2018) en Colombia es desconocido. Este estudio explora el efecto de esta ley en médicos residentes de cirugía colombianos. Métodos. Estudio de métodos mixtos secuencial explicativo. Inicialmente, se invitó a todos los residentes de cirugía del país a autodiligenciar los cuestionarios UWES-17 y MBI-HSS para evaluar el compromiso laboral (vigor, dedicación y absorción) y desgaste profesional (agotamiento emocional, despersonalización y baja realización personal) antes (2019) y después (2022) de la implementación de la ley. Se probaron diferentes hipótesis mediante modelos de ecuaciones estructurales. Los resultados fueron explorados con cirujanos mediante grupos focales. La información cualitativa fue analizada manualmente y por inteligencia artificial, y reportada en temas principales. Resultados. Participaron en el estudio 400 residentes. La tasa de desgaste profesional fue de 24,8 % antes y 15,8 % después (p=0,032). El análisis de ecuaciones estructurales confirmó que el agotamiento emocional sobre el desgaste profesional fue menor en 2022 (p=0,022). No se identificaron cambios significativos en el compromiso laboral. La principal explicación fue atribuida a los beneficios económicos de la ley. Conclusión. La tasa de desgaste profesional en médicos residentes de cirugía colombianos se redujo significativamente tras la implementación de la "ley de residentes". Estos hallazgos tienen implicaciones para la practica y el mejoramiento de la calidad de la educación.

Introduction. The effect of policies to improve residents' well-being, in terms of professional burnout and work commitment is controversial, and its result after the implementation of the "residents' law" (1917/2018) in Colombia is unknown. This study explores the effect of this law on Colombian surgical residents. Methods. Explanatory sequential mixed methods study. Initially, all surgical residents in the country were invited to self-complete the UWES-17 and MBI-HSS questionnaires to evaluate work commitment (vigor, dedication, and absorption) and professional burnout (emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and low personal accomplishment) before (2019) and after (2022) the implementation of the law. Different hypotheses were tested using structural equation models. The results were explored with surgeons through focus groups. Qualitative information was analyzed manually and by artificial intelligence, and reported into main themes. Results. 400 residents participated in the study. Burnout rates were 24.8% before and 15.8% after (p=0.032). The structural equations analysis confirmed that emotional exhaustion over professional burnout was lower in 2022 (p=0.022). No significant changes in work commitment were identified. The main explanation was attributed to the economic benefits of the law. Conclusion. The burnout rate in Colombian surgical residents was significantly reduced after the implementation of the "residents' law". These findings have implications for practice and improving the quality of education

Práticas coletivas e individuais associadas à dificuldade dos enfermeiros da atenção primária à saúde / Collective and individual practices associated with the difficulty of primary health care nurses / Prácticas coletivas e individuais asociadas a la dificultad de las enfermeras de atención primaria de salud

Objetivo: analisar as práticas individuais e coletivas que estão associadas as dificuldades dos enfermeiros que atuam na Atenção Primária à Saúde da região Norte. Métodos: observacional de prevalência e analítico. Foram incluídos enfermeiros da atenção básica. A coleta ocorreu entre novembro de 2019 a agosto de 2021, nos sete estados do Norte, através de um formulário eletrônico, analisados pelos testes binomial, quiquadrado e G no programa Bioestat. Resultados: Entre os 626 enfermeiros do estudo, 15,7% (98/626) afirmaram ter dificuldade no exercício de suas práticas, quanto à autonomia das suas responsabilidades normativas legais. O Amapá teve menor proporção (8,3%; 9/108) de enfermeiros com dificuldade em relação a região. As práticas associadas a dificuldade foram: a não participação do enfermeiro no gerenciamento dos insumos (p=0,03), realizar consulta eventualmente (p=0,03) e nunca prescrever medicamentos (p=0,02); resolutividade insuficiente na consulta pré-natal (p=0,000), acompanhamento de crescimento e desenvolvimento infantil (p=0,001); planejamento familiar (p=0,000); hanseníase (p=0,005); tuberculose (p=0,031); hipertensão arterial (p<0,0001); diabetes (p<0,0001). Conclusão: As dificuldades quanto à autonomia das responsabilidades normativas legais estão associadas a práticas individuais e coletivas que são privativas do enfermeiro e estão regulamentadas nos programas de saúde pública. (AU)

Objective: to analyze the individual and collective practices that are associated with the difficulties of nurses who work in Primary Health Care in the North region. Methods: observational of prevalence and analytical. Primary care nurses were included. The collection took place between November 2019 and August 2021, in the seven states of the North, through an electronic form, analyzed by the binomial, chi-square and G tests in the Bioestat program. Results: Among the 626 nurses in the study, 15.7% (98/626) stated that they had difficulty in exercising their practices, regarding the autonomy of their legal normative responsibilities. Amapá had a lower proportion (8.3%; 9/108) of nurses with difficulties in relation to the region. The practices associated with the difficulty were: the non-participation of nurses in the management of supplies (p=0.03), occasional consultations (p=0.03) and never prescribing medication (p=0.02); insufficient resolution in the prenatal consultation (p=0.000), monitoring of child growth and development (p=0.001); family planning (p=0.000); leprosy (p=0.005); tuberculosis (p=0.031); arterial hypertension (p<0.0001); diabetes (p<0.0001). Conclusion: Difficulties regarding the autonomy of legal normative responsibilities are associated with individual and collective practices that are exclusive to nurses and are regulated in public health programs. (AU)

Objetivo: analizar las prácticas individuales y colectivas que están asociadas a las dificultades de los enfermeros que actúan en la Atención Primaria de Salud de la región Norte. Métodos: observacional de prevalencia y analítico. Se incluyeron enfermeras de atención primaria. La colecta se realizó entre noviembre de 2019 y agosto de 2021, en los siete estados del Norte, a través de un formulario electrónico, analizado por las pruebas binomial, chi-cuadrado y G en el programa Bioestat. Resultados: Entre los 626 enfermeros del estudio, 15,7% (98/626) afirmaron tener dificultad en el ejercicio de sus prácticas, en cuanto a la autonomía de sus responsabilidades normativas legales. Amapá tuvo menor proporción (8,3%; 9/108) de enfermeros con dificultades en relación a la región. Las prácticas asociadas a la dificultad fueron: la no participación de los enfermeros en la gestión de los insumos (p=0,03), consultas ocasionales (p=0,03) y nunca recetar medicamentos (p=0,02); resolución insuficiente en la consulta prenatal (p=0,000), seguimiento del crecimiento y desarrollo infantil (p=0,001); planificación familiar (p=0,000); lepra (p=0,005); tuberculosis (p=0,031); hipertensión arterial (p<0,0001); diabetes (p<0,0001). Conclusión: Las dificultades en cuanto a la autonomía de las responsabilidades normativas legales están asociadas a las prácticas individuales y colectivas, exclusivas de los enfermeros y reguladas em los programas de salud pública. (AU)

Incontinencia urinaria en trabajadoras de la salud como factor predisponente de presentismo en Chile: estudio exploratorio de método mixto / Urinary incontinence in health workers as a predisposing factor for presenteeism in Chile: A mixed-methods exploratory study

Introducción La incontinencia urinaria impacta de forma negativa la calidad de vida de quienes la padecen y puede perjudicar las actividades laborales, siendo causante de presentismo en las profesionales de salud. Esto puede implicar la disminución en la calidad de la atención y seguridad de la/el paciente. El objetivo del presente estudio es explorar la autopercepción de las trabajadoras de salud que padecen incontinencia urinaria como factor predisponente de presentismo. Métodos Estudio mixto de carácter exploratorio-descriptivo. La muestra fue seleccionada de forma no probabilística e intencionada por criterio y conveniencia con un tamaño de 14 voluntarias, considerando la saturación de la información. Para el proceso y análisis de datos temáticos se consideraron los criterios de confiabilidad definidos por Guba. Resultados Muestra con edad media de 38,9 + 7,1 años y un puntaje de SPS-6 medio de 15,8 + 3,5 puntos, mostrando mayor alteración en la dimensión de evitar la desconcentración. Las narrativas presentes en el caso estudiado aportaron información relevante de cómo la incontinencia urinaria afecta el desempeño laboral de las trabajadoras de salud a través de la interrupción en su jornada, disminución en la calidad de la atención clínica, como también el aumento de su ansiedad respecto a su entorno. Conclusiones Dado que la incontinencia urinaria y el presentismo son experiencias subjetivas y multidimensionales, al igual que el efecto negativo en el desempeño laboral, se recomienda un estudio que permita identificar variables predictoras y las pérdidas económicas asociadas a esta condición. Con ello se buscaría establecer mejoras en el ambiente laboral, así como en el autocuidado de funcionarias, procurando mayores beneficios y mejores niveles de eficiencia en la organización.

Introduction Urinary incontinence negatively impacts the quality of life and can harm work activities, causing presenteeism in health professionals and decreasing the quality of care and patient safety. The objective of this study is to explore the self-perception of health workers who suffer from urinary incontinence as a predisposing factor for presenteeism. Methods Mixed study of an exploratory-descriptive nature. The sample was selected in a non-probabilistic and intentional way by criterion and convenience with a size of 14 volunteers, considering the saturation of the information. Reliability criteria defined by Guba for the process and analysis of thematic data were considered. Results The sample had a mean age of 38.9 + 7.1 years and a mean SPS-6 score of 15.8 + 3.5 points, showing alteration in the dimension of avoiding deconcentration. The narratives in the case study provide relevant information on how urinary incontinence affects the work performance of health workers through the interruption in their day, decreases the quality of clinical care, and increases their anxiety regarding their environment. Conclusions Urinary incontinence and presenteeism are subjective, and multidimensional experiences affect work performance. Therefore, further studies are recommended to identify predictor variables and the economic losses associated with this condition to establish improvements in the work environment and the self-care of female employees seeking greater benefits and better levels of efficiency in the organization

Perfil da assistência psicológica em um hospital público baiano: procedimentos e processos de trabalho psicológicos / Profile of psychological care in a public hospital: psychological work procedures and processes / Perfil de la atención psicológica en un hospital público baiano: procedimientos y procesos de trabajo psicológico

O fazer da psicologia hospitalar, embora recente, abarca variadas intervenções, que, com auxílio de registros, podem ser evidenciadas por meio de processos de trabalho. Foi objetivo deste estudo caracterizar o serviço de psicologia de um hospital geral público baiano e sua assistência entre janeiro e dezembro de 2022. Foi realizada uma pesquisa de consulta documental em Boletim Diário Assistencial e documento que descreve história da psicologia no hospital usando estatística descritiva e categorização temática dos dados. Desde 1984, o hospital oferece assistência psicológica, organizada por processos de trabalho e linhas de cuidados materno-infantis, pediátricos, crônicos, cirúrgicos e neurológicos. Em termos de procedimentos, foram prestados 13.821 para pacientes e 13.249 para familiares, com destaque para o atendimento psicológico. Foram realizados 4.960 procedimentos não assistenciais, não descritos no prontuário de saúde, principalmente discussões multiprofissionais (55,82%). Tais procedimentos podem ser analisados por divisão em processos de trabalho: acolhimento, acompanhamento, avaliação, comunicação, educação, formação, atividades grupais, organizativos, orientação, acolhimento, investigação e terapêuticos. Os psicólogos do hospital são diaristas, atuando como interconsultores quando há solicitação, principalmente de médicos, por telefone, guia de solicitação, sistema de prontuário e presencialmente, tornando-se espaço propício para a prática interdisciplinar. Por fim, pode-se concluir a importância do fazer da psicologia no hospital em questão e as variadas intervenções realizadas para contribuir para a saúde biopsicossocial de pacientes e seus familiares. Assim, destaca-se a importância da informação em saúde com registro qualificado para ser instrumento de gestão visando transformar e dar visibilidade a práticas de saúde.

Hospital psychology care, although recent, encompasses various interventions that can be evinced via work processes by analyzing clinical records. This documentary research characterizes the psychological care provided by a public general hospital in Bahia, Brazil, between January and December 2022. Data were collected from the Daily Care Bulletin and from a document that describes the history of hospital psychology using descriptive statistics and thematic data categorization. The analyzed hospital provides psychological care since 1984, organized by work processes and lines of mother-infant, pediatric, chronic, surgical and neurological care. Regarding procedures, 13,821 were provided to patients and 13,249 to family members, with emphasis on psychological care. As for non-medical procedures, not described in the health records, a total of 4,960 were performed, mainly multidisciplinary discussions (55.82%). Such procedures can be analyzed by dividing them into work processes: embracement, monitoring, evaluation, communication, education, training, group activities, organization, guidance, investigation and therapy. The hospital's psychologists work on a daily basis and act as inter-consultants when requested, mainly by doctors, via telephone, request guide, medical record and in person, becoming a suitable space for interdisciplinary practice. The findings reinforce the importance of hospital psychology and the various interventions performed to collaborate with patients' biopsychosocial health. Hence, qualified recording of health information is an important management tool for transforming and giving visibility to health practices.

El trabajo de la psicología hospitalaria, aunque reciente, engloba diversas intervenciones, que se pueden evidenciar con la ayuda de los registros en los procesos de trabajo. El objetivo de este estudio fue caracterizar el servicio de psicología de un hospital general público de Bahía (Brasil) y su asistencia efectuada entre enero y diciembre de 2022. Se realizó una búsqueda documental en el Boletín de Asistencia Diaria y en un documento que describe la historia de la psicología en el hospital mediante el uso de la estadística descriptiva y la categorización temática de los datos. Desde 1984 el hospital oferta asistencia psicológica, organizada por procesos de trabajo y líneas de cuidado materno-infantil, pediátrica, crónica, quirúrgica y neurológica. Se brindaron 13.821 procedimientos a pacientes y 13.249 a familiares, con énfasis en la atención psicológica. Se realizaron un total de 4.960 procedimientos no asistenciales, no descritos en los registros de salud, principalmente discusiones multidisciplinarias (55,82%). Los procedimientos se pueden analizar mediante su división en los siguientes procesos de trabajo: recepción, seguimiento, evaluación, comunicación, educación, formación, actividades grupales, organización, orientación, recepción, investigación y terapia. Los psicólogos del hospital son jornaleros, actúan como interconsultores cuando hay una solicitud, principalmente de los médicos, vía teléfono, guía de solicitud, sistema de historia clínica y presencial, convirtiéndose en un espacio propicio para la práctica interdisciplinaria. Finalmente, se puede concluir sobre la importancia de hacer de la psicología en el hospital en cuestión y las diversas intervenciones que se realizan para colaborar con la salud biopsicosocial de los pacientes y sus familias. Asimismo, se destaca la importancia de la información en salud con registro calificado como herramienta de gestión con miras a transformar y dar visibilidad a las prácticas en salud.

Work-related stress and quality of life in nurses during the Covid-19 pandemic

Introduction: Work-related stress is the physical and emotional manifestation triggered by an imbalance in coping with perceived demands. One of the workers most affected by work-related stress is the nursing staff, a situation that was exacerbated during the COVID-19 pandemic and could affect their quality of life. Objective: To evaluate the connection between quality of life and work-related stress in nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic. Materials and Methods: Analytical, cross-sectional study, with a quantitative approach. Descriptive statistics and multiple linear regression analysis were used for the present study. Results: A negative correlation was obtained between quality of life and stress level (r = -0,438, p < 0,01), and being a professional nurse was related to higher stress levels. On the other hand, being 31 years or older and having more than 12 months of work experience were associated with a higher quality of life score, while being female, single, divorced, or widowed and having higher acute stress scores indicated a significantly worse quality of life. Discussion: Acute stress negatively affects the quality of life of nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic and this differs significantly according to age, sex, marital status, and work experience. Conclusion: It is recommended that the health sector authorities design policies that guarantee strategies to improve the mental health of nursing personnel, as well as to guarantee fair and dignified treatment.

Avaliação da qualidade do sono em profissionais de saúde da emergência / Evaluación de la calidad del sueño en profesionales de la salud de emergencia / Sleep quality assessment in emergency health professionals

Resumo Objetivo Avaliar a qualidade do sono de profissionais dos serviços de emergência e sua associação com o nível de fadiga e qualidade de vida. Métodos Estudo descritivo, transversal e correlacional, realizado nas unidades do Serviço de Atendimento Móvel de Urgência (SAMU) e na Unidade de Pronto Atendimento (UPA), no ano de 2021, com 108 participantes. Para avaliação da qualidade do sono, foi utilizado o Índice de Qualidade do Sono de Pittsburgh versão Brasileira (PSQI-BR); para avaliação da Fadiga, foi utilizada a Escala de Fadiga de Chalder, em conjunto com a Escala de Necessidade de Descanso (ENEDE); e para avaliação da qualidade de vida, foi utilizado o World Health Organization Quality of Life Brief Version (WHOQOL-bref), sendo que os instrumentos utilizados foram adaptados para a língua portuguesa em estudos anteriores. Foram aplicados testes de associação para a análise estatística, tendo sido utilizados o Teste Qui-Quadrado de Pearson, o Teste U Mann-Whitney ou Kruskal Wallis e a correlação de Spearman. Valores de p <0,05 foram considerados como significativos. Resultados Foi identificado que 72,2% dos participantes apresentaram má qualidade do sono e 75,9% estavam fadigados. Foi observada associação significativa entre a qualidade do sono e a fadiga, a necessidade de descanso e a qualidade de vida. Conclusão Foi identificado que os profissionais de saúde que trabalham em serviço de urgência e emergência apresentam má qualidade do sono e de vida e níveis elevados de fadiga e necessidade de descanso, o que pode impactar diretamente suas atividades pessoais e profissionais.

Resumen Objetivo Evaluar la calidad del sueño de profesionales de los servicios de emergencia y su relación con el nivel de fatiga y calidad de vida. Métodos Estudio descriptivo, transversal y correlacional, realizado en las unidades del Servicio de Atención Móbil de Urgencia (SAMU) y en la Unidad de Pronta Atención (UPA), en el año 2021, con 108 participantes. Para evaluar la calidad del sueño, se utilizó el Índice de Calidad del Sueño de Pittsburgh, versión brasileña (PSQI-BR). Para evaluar la fatiga, se utilizó la Escala de Fatiga de Chalder, junto con la Escala de Necesidad de Descanso (ENEDE). Para evaluar la calidad de vida, se utilizó el World Health Organization Quality of Life Brief Version (WHOQOL-bref). Los instrumentos utilizados fueron adaptados al idioma portugués en estudios anteriores. Se aplicaron pruebas de asociación para el análisis estadístico, para lo cual se utilizó la Prueba χ2 de Pearson, la Prueba U de Mann-Whitney o la prueba de Kruskal-Wallis y la correlación de Spearman. Se consideraron valores de p<0,05 como significativos. Resultados Se identificó que el 72,2 % de los participantes presentó una mala calidad de sueño y el 75,9 % tenía fatiga. Se observó una asociación significativa entre la calidad del sueño y la fatiga, la necesidad de descanso y la calidad de vida. Conclusión Se identificó que los profesionales de la salud que trabajan en servicios de urgencia y emergencia presentaron mala calidad de sueño y de vida y niveles elevados de fatiga y necesidad de descanso, lo que puede impactar directamente en sus actividades personales y profesionales.

Abstract Objective To assess emergency service professionals' sleep quality and its association with the level of fatigue and quality of life. Methods A descriptive, cross-sectional and correlational study, carried out in the units of the Mobile Emergency Care Service (SAMU) and in the Emergency Care Unit (ECU), in 2021, with 108 participants. To assess sleep quality, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Brazilian version (PSQI-BR), was used; to assess fatigue, the Chalder Fatigue Scale was used, together with the Need for Recovery Scale (NFR); and to assess quality of life, the World Health Organization Quality of Life Brief Version (WHOQOL-bref) was used, and the instruments used were adapted to Portuguese in previous studies. Association tests were applied for statistical analysis, using Pearson's chi-square test, Mann-Whitney U test or Kruskal Wallis and Spearman's correlation. P-values <0.05 were considered significant. Results It was identified that 72.2% of participants had poor sleep quality and 75.9% were fatigued. A significant association was observed between sleep quality and fatigue, the need for recovery and quality of life. Conclusion It was identified that health professionals working in emergency services have poor sleep quality and life, and high levels of fatigue and need for recovery, which can directly impact their personal and professional activities.

Nurses' workload during the COVID-19 pandemic: potential for experiences of moral distress / Carga de trabajo de las enfermeras durante la pandemia de COVID-19: potencial para experiencias de sufrimiento moral / Sobrecarga de trabalho de enfermeiros na pandemia de COVID-19: potência para vivências de sofrimento moral

ABSTRACT Objectives: to understand nurses' experiences of moral distress related to work overload during the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil. Methods: qualitative research, whose data collection occurred through individual interviews with 19 nurses who worked on the front line of COVID-19 in health services in southeastern Brazil. Data were analyzed using thematic content analysis. Results: work overload proved to be a powerful source of experiences of moral distress due to excessive working hours during vaccination, double working hours, a troubled relationship due to pressure from managers and the population and physical and mental exhaustion, which prevented nurses from act according to their judgment. Final Considerations: nurses' work overload reflects on quality patient care and prevents nurses from acting in accordance with their moral principles, generating moral distress in nurses.

RESUMEN Objetivos: comprender las experiencias de angustia moral de los enfermeros relacionadas con la sobrecarga de trabajo durante la pandemia de COVID-19 en Brasil. Métodos: investigación cualitativa, cuya recolección de datos ocurrió a través de entrevistas individuales con 19 enfermeros que actuaron en la primera línea de COVID-19 en servicios de salud de la región Sudeste de Brasil. Los datos fueron analizados mediante análisis de contenido temático. Resultados: la sobrecarga de trabajo resultó ser una poderosa fuente de experiencias de sufrimiento moral por exceso de jornada durante la vacunación, doble jornada laboral, relaciones conflictivas por presiones de los directivos y la población y agotamiento físico y mental, lo que impidió al enfermero actuar según su criterio. Consideraciones Finales: la sobrecarga de trabajo de las enfermeras se refleja en la calidad de la atención al paciente e impide que las enfermeras actúen de acuerdo con sus principios morales, generando sufrimiento moral en las enfermeras.

RESUMO Objetivos: compreender vivências de sofrimento moral de enfermeiros relacionadas à sobrecarga de trabalho durante a pandemia de COVID-19 no Brasil. Métodos: pesquisa qualitativa, cuja coleta de dados ocorreu através de entrevistas individuais com 19 enfermeiros que atuaram na linha de frente da COVID-19 em serviços de saúde da região Sudeste do Brasil. Os dados foram analisados mediante análise temática de conteúdo. Resultados: a sobrecarga de trabalho mostrou-se potente fonte para vivências de sofrimento moral devido à jornada de trabalho excessiva na vacinação, à dupla jornada de trabalho, à relação conturbada por pressão de gestores e população e ao esgotamento físico e mental, os quais impediam o enfermeiro de agir conforme o seu julgamento. Considerações Finais: a sobrecarga de trabalho dos enfermeiros reflete na assistência de qualidade ao paciente, e impede que os enfermeiros atuem conforme os seus princípios morais, gerando sofrimento moral nos enfermeiros.

The impact of Covid-19 on community and hospital pharmacists: a thematic analysis study

Abstract There are a limited number of studies examining the effects of the pandemic on the daily lives of Turkish community pharmacists, and no research investigating the impact on the lives of Turkish hospital pharmacists has been found. This study aimed to examine the effects of the pandemic on the personal and professional lives of Turkish community pharmacists and hospital pharmacists. In this qualitative study design, a comprehensive set of interviews was conducted with a total of 13 community pharmacists and 7 hospital pharmacists, employing a semi-structured interview guide. Through thematic content analysis of the interviews, four main themes, 1) long-term impacts, 2) dealing strategies, 3) professional life impacts, 4) personal life impacts, have emerged for both community pharmacists and hospital pharmacists. In addition to the psychological impacts and supply chain issues commonly mentioned in the literature, the study revealed ongoing effects such as the inability to sell available products and economic difficulties. Also, the increased demand for over-the-counter products during the pandemic highlights the need for the government to develop policies to address this issue.

Long-term outcomes for epidemic viral pneumonia survivors after discharge from the intensive care unit: a systematic review

ABSTRACT Objective To review the long-term outcomes (functional status and psychological sequelae) of survivors of critical illnesses due to epidemic viral pneumonia before the COVID-19 pandemic and to establish a benchmark for comparison of the COVID-19 long-term outcomes. Methods This systematic review of clinical studies reported the long-term outcomes in adults admitted to intensive care units who were diagnosed with viral epidemic pneumonia. An electronic search was performed using databases: MEDLINE®, Web of Science™, LILACS/IBECS, and EMBASE. Additionally, complementary searches were conducted on the reference lists of eligible studies. The quality of the studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. The results were grouped into tables and textual descriptions. Results The final analysis included 15 studies from a total of 243 studies. This review included 771 patients with Influenza A, Middle East Respiratory Syndrome, and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome. It analyzed the quality of life, functionality, lung function, mortality, rate of return to work, rehospitalization, and psychiatric symptoms. The follow-up periods ranged from 1 to 144 months. We found that the quality of life, functional capacity, and pulmonary function were below expected standards. Conclusion This review revealed great heterogeneity between studies attributed to different scales, follow-up time points, and methodologies. However, this systematic review identified negative long-term effects on patient outcomes. Given the possibility of future pandemics, it is essential to identify the long-term effects of viral pneumonia outbreaks. This review was not funded. Prospero database registration: (www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero) under registration ID CRD42021190296.

Retrato da inserção de terapeutas ocupacionais no Sistema Único de Assistência Social / Characterization of the insertion of occupational therapists in the Brazilian Unified Social Assistance System

Resumo Introdução Desde 2005, as cidades brasileiras estão se adequando para organizar equipes e serviços do Sistema Único de Assistência Social (SUAS) e, a partir de 2011, a terapia ocupacional passou a ser reconhecida como uma das profissões que compõem tais equipes e a gestão do SUAS. Este estudo aborda como a categoria tem participado dessa política no estado do Rio de Janeiro. Objetivo Mapear as terapeutas ocupacionais que atuam no SUAS nesse estado e delinear as características dessa inserção. Metodologia Estudo de mapeamento, descritivo e transversal, utilizando informações oficiais do Censo SUAS. Os dados foram analisados a partir de uma perspectiva descritiva, em diálogo com a Política Nacional de Assistência Social, a literatura do campo da terapia ocupacional na assistência social e sob o referencial da terapia ocupacional social. Resultados No estado do Rio de Janeiro, 142 terapeutas ocupacionais atuam no SUAS, o equivalente a 8,9% das profissionais desse estado. Como retrato, obtivemos imagem formada por mulheres (89,4%) entre 41-50 anos de idade (34,5%), contratadas por Organizações da Sociedade Civil (93%), celetistas (50%), com carga horária semanal de 11-20 horas (40,9%), inseridas majoritariamente nos Centros-dia (71%), atuando com pessoas com deficiências e idosas. Conclusão A inserção de terapeutas ocupacionais no SUAS fluminense acontece de forma precarizada, com baixa inserção nos equipamentos estatais. Sinaliza-se a necessidade de as entidades representativas da classe atuarem nessa política pública enquanto promotora de ampliação de vagas/concursos/emprego, bem como investirem em debates sobre as composições das equipes e o reconhecimento dos diferentes campos de saber.

Abstract Introduction Since 2005, Brazilian cities have been adapting to organize teams and services of the Unified Social Assistance System (SUAS), and since 2011, occupational therapy has been recognized as one of the professions that compose these teams and the management of SUAS. This study addresses how the category has been involved in this policy in the state of Rio de Janeiro. Objective To map the occupational therapists working at SUAS in this state and outline the characteristics of this inclusion. Methodology A descriptive, cross-sectional mapping study, using official data from the SUAS Census. Data were analyzed from a descriptive perspective, in dialogue with the National Social Assistance/Welfare Policy, the literature in the field of occupational therapy in social assistance, and under the framework of social occupational therapy. Results In the State of Rio de Janeiro, 142 occupational therapists work at SUAS, which is equivalent to 8.9% of the professionals in this state. This workforce is composed of women (89.4%) aged 41-50 years (34.5%), hired by Civil Society Organizations (93%), under the Consolidation of Labor Laws (CLT) regime (50%), with a weekly workload of 11-20 hours (40.9%), mainly inserted in Day Centers (71%), working with people with disabilities and older people. Conclusion The inclusion of occupational therapists in SUAS of Rio de Janeiro state occurs precariously, with low insertion in this state's devices. It highlights the need for representative entities of the class to act in this public policy as a promoter of expanding job opportunities/public contests/employment, as well as to invest in debates about team compositions and the recognition of different fields of knowledge.

Pressupostos teórico-metodológicos e didático-pedagógicos da unidade curricular ética profissional na Unifesp / Theoretical-methodological and didactic-pedagogical assumptions of the Professional Ethics curricular unit at Unifesp

Resumo: O objetivo deste artigo é refletir sobre a ética na formação profissional, na particularidade da Unidade Curricular de Ética Profissional na graduação em Serviço Social da Unifesp. Realizou-se pesquisa bibliográfica, documental e sistematização de experiências. Os resultados apontam para a importância do compartilhamento dos pressupostos teórico-filosóficos e das estratégias didático-pedagógicas no desenvolvimento das disciplinas específicas de ética, em coerência com as diretrizes curriculares da Abepss.

Abstract: The article aims to reflect on ethics in professional training, particularly, in the Professional Ethics Curricular Unit in the undergraduate course in Social Work at Unifesp. Bibliographical, documentary research and systematization of experiences were carried out. The results point to the importance of sharing theoretical-philosophical assumptions and didactic-pedagogical strategies in the development of specific ethics disciplines in coherence with Abepss curricular guidelines.

Como se constitui a atividade docente? uma análise pela psicologia histórico-cultural / ¿cómo se constituye la actividad docente? un análisis por la psicología histórico-cultural / How is the teaching activity constituted? an analysis by historical-cultural psychology

A Teoria da Atividade desenvolvida pelo pensador russo Alexis Leontiev oferece subsídios para compreender a constituição humana a partir das relações sociais e apropriação do conhecimento. Nesse caminho, o desenvolvimento das ações do professor no ensino deve se constituir em atividade. Assim, objetivamos investigar docentes em exercício na Educação Básica para reunir elementos sobre a constituição da atividade docente na sociedade do trabalho. Para isso, três professoras do Ensino Básico público contribuíram com a pesquisa: foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas e acompanhadas as rotinas de trabalho nas escolas envolvidas. Nos resultados, depreendemos que há possibilidades das ações de ensino se constituírem em atividade, mesmo diante das condições alienantes e fragmentadas que o professorado vivencia nesse cenário. Ainda, como considerações, reiteramos a defesa por políticas públicas que garantam condições concretas para a atuação docente para que possa cumprir seu papel junto à transformação e emancipação dos sujeitos pela Educação.

La Teoría de la Actividad desarrollada por el pensador ruso Alexis Leontiev ofrece ayuda para comprender la constitución humana a partir de las relaciones sociales y apropiación del conocimiento. En ese camino, el desarrollo de las acciones del profesor en la enseñanza debe se constituir en actividad. Así, objetivamos investigar docentes en ejercicio en la Enseñanza Básica para reunir elementos sobre la constitución de la actividad docente en la sociedad del trabajo. Para eso, tres profesoras de la Enseñanza Básica pública contribuyeron a la investigación: se realizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas y acompañadas las rutinas de labor en las escuelas abarcadas. En los resultados, deprendemos que hay posibilidades das acciones de enseñanza se constituyeren en actividad, incluso delante de las condiciones alienantes y fragmentadas que el profesorado vivencia en ese escenario. Aún, como consideraciones, hacemos hincapié en la defensa por políticas públicas que garanticen condiciones concretas a la actuación docente para que pueda cumplir su papel junto a la transformación y emancipación de los sujetos por la Educación.

The Activity Theory developed by russian thinker Alexis Leontiev offers subsidies to understand human constitution from social relations and knowledge appropriation. In this way, the development of the teacher's actions in teaching should be the activity. Thus, we aim to investigate teachers' performance in the Basic Education to gather elements about the constitution of teaching activity in the labor society. For this, three teachers from public Basic Education contributed to the research: semi -structured interviews were conducted and the work routines were accompanied in the involved schools. In the results, we find that there are possibilities for teaching actions to be activity, even in the face of the alienating and fragmented conditions that the teacher's experiences in this scenario. Also, as considerations, we reiterate the defense for public policies that guarantee concrete conditions for teaching action so that it can fulfill its role with the transformation and emancipation of the subjects by education.

Prevalence and determinants of burnout among South African doctors during the COVID-19 pandemic

Background: Burnout, resulting from chronic workplace stress that has been unsuccessfully managed, has previously been documented in doctors. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has increased occupational challenges faced by doctors, potentiating their risk for burnout. Aim: This study aimed to determine the prevalence and determinants of burnout among medical doctors during the COVID-19 pandemic. Setting: Three public sector hospitals in Gqeberha, South Africa. Methods: A cross-sectional study of 260 voluntary participants was conducted. Participants completed self-administered electronic questionnaires. Logistic regression analysis was performed to explore the determinants of burnout. Results: The prevalence of burnout in this study was 78%. Burnout was significantly associated with being a medical intern or community-service medical officer (adjusted odd ratio [AOR] = 6.72, 1.71­26.40), being in the lowest income band (AOR = 10.78, 2.55­45.49), and using alcohol to manage work-related stress (AOR = 3.01, 1.12­8.04). Job-related factors associated with burnout were experiencing high conflict at work (AOR = 5.04, 1.92­13.20) and high role ambiguity and role conflict (AOR = 4.49, 1.98­10.18). Low support at work (AOR = 9.99, 3.66­27.23), medium job satisfaction (AOR = 5.38, 2.65­10.93) and medium support at work (AOR = 3.39, 1.71­6.73) were positively associated with burnout. Participants with medium (AOR = 0.28, 0.10­0.80) and high levels of resilience (AOR = 0.08, 0.03­0.25) were protected against burnout. Coronavirus disease 2019-related factors were not significantly associated with burnout. Conclusion: The burnout prevalence among South African medical doctors at public hospitals during the COVID-19 pandemic was high and strongly associated with job stress factors. Contribution: Given the increased prevalence of burnout among doctors and the strong associations with job stress factors, mitigation of burnout requires targeted organisational interventions.

Association between COVID-19 post-infection and work capacity among healthcare workers in the National Referral Hospital in Indonesia

Background@#Patients who had severe COVID-19 infection were thought to be one of the factors affecting the suitability of work capacity. Functional capacity can be measured by 6-minute walking test (6MWT). Some particular jobs have a minimum functional capacity to be met. @*Objectives@#The aim of this research is to determine the relationship between severity of COVID-19 infection and work capacity among post-infected healthcare workers in the National Referral Hospital. @*Methods@#A cross-sectional study among healthcare workers who had COVID-19 infection from June to July 2021, and had undergone functional capacity examination from September to November 2021 was conducted. Data processing was carried out by collecting data from medical records of infected healthcare workers. Bivariate analysis statistic test was done to determine the association between degree of severity and work capacity. Determination of the suitability of work capacity was done by comparing the results of the functional capacity examination with the minimum estimated matabolic equivalents (METs) needs of workers. @*Results@#A total of 102 employees data from ages 25 to 58 years were collected. The result showed that 81 employees had unsuitable work capacity with most of them coming from the mild infected group (83.3%). Conclusion. There is no significant relationship (p>0.05) between age, gender, BMI, sequelae, comorbidities, and degree of severity of COVID-19 infection and work capacity among healthcare workers. Even though there is no signficant relationship between severity of COVID-19 and work capacity, this research shows there are more than 50% post-infected healthcare workers who have unsuitable work capacity.

Overview and Enlightenment of Codes of Ethics for Nurses at Home and Abroad / 中国医学伦理学

Formulating codes of ethics for nurses are not only the need of establishing nurses’ professional image and dignity, but also the demand of nursing discipline development. By combing the relevant documents of codes of ethics for nurses at home and abroad, this paper summarized the main contents and application of codes of ethics for nurses, found that codes of ethics for nurses were based on the basic principle of "patient-oriented", discussing the relationship between nurses and patients, collaborators, environment, society, specialty and personal development, and forming the constraint standard for nurses’ behavior in combination with the expectation of local cultural values for nursing industry. The codes of ethics for nurses in China need to further clarify the scope of nursing, formulate behavioral norms in various specialties, and through clinical evaluation, education, management and other aspects to promote its popularization and implementation.