Methodology for the Development of Clinical Practice Guidelines for Chinese Patent Medicine： 2.Establishment of Guideline Working Group and Management of Conflict of Interests / 中医杂志

This paper summarized the key points and methods in terms of the establishment of the guideline working group and the management of conflict of interests， trying to provide reference for the development of clinical practice guidelines for Chinese patent medicine （CPM）. The establishment of the working group is the first important step for developing CPM guidelines. Considering the characteristics of the clinical practice guidelines for CPM， this study suggests that the three key elements of ‘multidisciplinarity’， ‘clinical relevance’ and ‘geographical representativeness’ should be put focus on when forming the working group. The guideline advisory committee， clinical expert group， evidence systematic evaluation group， secretary group and the external review group should be established. All group members should clarify the conflict of interest， and the process and management method of the conflict of interest should be clearly reported.

The evolution of clinical diagnosis and treatment of castration-resistant prostate cancer from the updated recommendations from the Prostate Cancer Clinical Trials Working Group 3 / 中华泌尿外科杂志

Castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) is an important research focus in the field of prostate cancer. The adjustment of its diagnosis criteria also directly impacts the clinical diagnosis and treatment practice, as well as the design and implementation of the relevant clinical trials. The Prostate Cancer Clinical Trials Working Group (PCWG) has published several consensuses to provide further reference in clinical practice and trials design. In PCWG3, the recommended PSA cut-off value to confirmed CRPC diagnosis was further lowered from 2 ng / ml to 1 ng/ml. The update of PCWG3 may have a profound impact on the clinical diagnosis, treatment and trials design of prostate cancer in the future.

Interpretation of 2019 International Working Group on Diabetic Foot guidelines on the prevention and management of diabetic foot disease / 中国修复重建外科杂志

The 8th World International Symposium on the Diabetic Foot (ISDF) Conference which was sponsored by the International Working Group on Diabetic Foot (IWGDF) was held in the Hague between May 22nd and May 25th, 2019. The conference issued the 2019 IWGDF guidelines on the prevention and management of diabetic foot disease. The update to the 2015 edition of the guidelines involves the following 6 chapters: prevention of foot ulcers in patients with diabetes; offloading foot ulcers in patients with diabetes; diagnosis, prognosis, and management of peripheral arterial disease in patients with a foot ulcer and diabetes; diagnosis and treatment of foot infection in patients with diabetes; interventions to enhance healing of foot ulcers in patients with diabetes; classification of diabetic foot ulcers. This guideline has been changed more than the previous edition. In this paper, the guidelines will be interpreted to provide cutting-edge information for domestic diabetic foot researchers.

Clinical Practice Guidelines of Rehabilitation: Composition of Expert Group and Situation of Conflict of Interest / 中国康复理论与实践

@#Objective To evaluate and analyze the panel composition and conflict of interest management of clinical practice guidelines of rehabilitation.Methods Clinical practice guidelines of rehabilitation were systematically retrieved from PubMed, EMBASE, China Biology Medicine disc, CNKI, Wanfang Data and Medlive database, the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence, National Guideline Clearinghouse, The Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network, World Health Organization (WHO) and Guidelines International Network until January 11, 2020. Two researchers independently screened and cross-checked the literatures, and extracted the basic information of included guidelines, including the title, formulating institution, published journol, as well as the expert group, the number of expert group, the specific division of labor and their discipline, affiliation and the geographic location, the statement and management of conflict of interest, types of conflicts of interest, and whether to accept fund and the source of the fund.Results A total of 84 guidelines were finally included, 17 domestic ones and 67 foreign ones, in which, 52 (61.9%) reported the expert panel; 22 (26.2%) reported the number of expert panel groups, 21 (25.0%) indicated the specific division of work among the members of the expert panel, 74 (88.1%) reported the names of the members of the expert panel, 47 (56.0%) reported the subjects and specialties of the panelists, 70 (83.3%) reported the affiliation and location of panelists, 14 (16.7%) mentioned the management of conflicts of interest, and 25 (29.8%) reported if there were conflicts of interest. Only five of the 16 funded guidelines stated that there was no conflict of interest between the funding and the development of the guidelines. Among them, the reporting rate of expert panel was significantly higher in foreign countries than in China (χ2 = 9.542, P < 0.01), the reporting rate of name of expert panel members and specific division of labor were higher in foreign countries than in China ( χ2 > 4.155, P < 0.05), and the reporting rate of conflict of interest management was also higher in foreign countries than in China ( P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in whether there was a conflict of interest, whether it was funded and the type of funding at home and abroad ( P > 0.05). Conclusion In gerenal, clinical practice guidelines of rehabilitation published at home and abroad are necessary to be improved in the reporting quality of expert group formulation and division of labor, conflict of interest reporting and management. It is proposed that future guideline developers should follow the WHO Handbook for Guideline Development, assign roles of experts, strengthen the management and reporting of conflicts of interest, and standarderize the development process and reporting of the guidelines.

Analysis of ethics in gynecology and obstetrics teaching under the WEIGHT guidelines / 中华医学教育探索杂志

At present, the particularity and importance of ethical consciousness in the teaching of clinical obstetrics and Gynecology has become increasingly prominent while the education of medical students in the ethics and social responsibility is relatively weak. This study explored a series of practical methods under WEIGHT guide through the real cases, conducting clinical training and sides debate, com-bining multimedia and interview form, in order to strengthen the cultivation of medical students' moral quality and improve the students' comprehensive ability.

Grupos: o vértice psicanalítico / Groups: a psychoanalytic vertex / Grupos: el vértice psicoanalítico

Este texto, sob a forma de verbete, feito sob gentil solicitação dos editores deste periódico, enfoca agrupamentos de pessoas observadas segundo o vértice psicanalítico, que pode ser visto como integração transdisciplinar entre, pelo menos, dois âmbitos de observação. Para finalidades de comunicação, esses âmbitos são definíveis por "níveis" ou "dimensões": macro e micro. Mais especificamente, trata-se do estudo das experiências emocionais que podem ocorrer no inter-relacionamento de pessoas que compõem um determinado grupo e também, conjuntamente, das características conscientes e inconscientes que podem agir. O estudo ressalta alguns antecedentes históricos e consequências em termos de comportamento; tanto o comportamento concreto, aparente, expresso (fenomenologicamente observável), como o comportamento implícito, imaterial, sempre atuante (denominado por Bion como "ultra" e "infra" sensorial, que não pode ser totalmente apreendido pelo aparato sensorial humano). Este estudo sobre grupos de pessoas identifica duas fantasias inconscientes, de natureza onisciente e onipotente, que compartilham da mesma aparência - a de postulados autoritários. Essas fantasias, compondo ideologias (ou Weltanschauungen), postulam duas tendências no pensar, segundo um vértice da história das ideias (ou, mais precisamente, duas tendências em que ocorre ausência do pensar). Para fins didáticos e operacionais, denominaram-se essas tendências de "quantitativa" e "qualitativa"; a partir daí, sempre sob o vértice psicanalítico, descreve-se o conceito de grupos de trabalho, e especificam-se métodos de estudo para grupos de pessoas; o estudo se finaliza com um breve elenco de experiências práticas em clínica que embasam este texto...

Organized under the form of an entry of a dictionary, this paper was written in response to the kind invitation from the editors of this journal. It focuses on groupings of people, observed under the psychoanalytic vertex. This vertex can be seen as a transdisciplinary integration between, at least, two fields of observation. Roughly speaking, just for communicative purposes, one may define those fields according to their "levels" and/or "dimensions": macro and micro (levels). Being more specific, this is a study of emotional experiences, which may happen in certain human group, and of conscious and unconscious features that may act on interrelationships among individuals who are parts of a group. The study emphasizes some historical antecedents as well as some effects, in terms of group behavior - both the concrete, evident, express behavior (phenomenally observable), and the implicit, immaterial and ever present behavior (which Bion named "ultrasensuous" and "infrasensuous", and cannot be fully apprehended by human sense apparatus). This study about groups of people identifies two omnipotent and omniscient phantasies that share the same appearance - the appearance of an authoritarian postulate. Composing ideologies (or Weltanshauungen), those phantasies propose two tendencies of thinking, according to a vertex of the history of ideas (or, more precisely, two tendencies in which mindlessness - or lack of real thinking - does prevail). For didactic, operational purposes, the author names these tendencies "quantitative" and "qualitative". From this point, always under the psychoanalytic vertex, he describes the concept of working group and specifies few methods for the study of groups. The author finishes this study with a brief list of experiences in clinical practice (cases) that support his theory...

Este texto en forma de nota fue elaborado para atender una gentil invitación de los editores del Jornal de Psicoanálisis y versa sobre agrupamientos de personas observados desde el vértice psicoanalítico. Puede ser visto como una integración transdisciplinaria entre, por lo menos, dos ambientes de observación definibles como "niveles" o "dimensiones": macro y micro. Más específicamente, se trata de un estudio de las experiencias emocionales que pueden suceder y de las características conscientes e inconscientes que pueden actuar en la interrelación de personas que componen un determinado grupo. El estudio resalta algunos antecedentes históricos y consecuencias comportamentales, tanto el comportamiento concreto, aparente, manifiesto (fenomenológicamente observable) cuanto el comportamiento implícito, inmaterial, siempre actuante (denominado por Bion "ultra" e "infra" sensorial, que no puede ser totalmente aprehendido por el aparato sensitivo humano). Este estudio sobre Grupos de Personas identifica dos fantasías inconscientes de naturaleza omnisciente y omnipotente, que comparten la misma apariencia de postulados autoritarios. Estas fantasías componiendo ideologías determinan dos tendencias en el pensar, según un vértice de la historia de las ideas o, más precisamente, dos tendencias cuando ocurre la ausencia del pensar, que se denominaron, didáctica y operacionalmente, "cuantitativa" y "cualitativa". Luego, se describe el concepto de Grupo de Trabajo y se especifican los métodos para estudiar Grupos de Personas. Finalmente, es citada una serie de experiencias clínicas que le dan embasamiento a este texto...

Em direção a uma demografia ambiental? Avaliação e tendências dos estudos de população e ambiente no Brasil / Towards an environmental Demography? Evaluation and tendencies of population and environment studies in Brazil

As Ciências Sociais foram as últimas a aceitar e incorporar a temática ambiental em seus respectivos temas de pesquisa. Entre elas, a Demografia talvez tenha sido a última a fazer esta conversão, incluindo aos poucos questões referentes à relação população/ambiente. O debate tem convergido para a crescente incorporação da dimensão espacial, sempre presente, mesmo não sendo o eixo central nos estudos demográficos, mas que na discussão ambiental se mostra preponderante. O desenvolvimento do campo, embora rápido e promissor, tem encontrado dificuldades inerentes a áreas de estudo que tendem à interdisciplinaridade, localizando-se na periferia de uma ciência em interface com outras. No Brasil, tais estudos também têm evoluído nas últimas duas décadas, sendo importante para seu delineamento a produção do Grupo de Trabalho "População e Meio Ambiente", da Associação Brasileira de Estudos Populacionais, privilegiado foco difusor destas preocupações no país. Em vista disso, este artigo procura refletir sobre a produção do grupo, na expectativa de trazer à tona alguns elementos acerca dos métodos, temas e problemáticas abordadas ao longo dos anos, no sentido de localizar em que ponto deste desenvolvimento se encontra a temática hoje, e quais as perspectivas e os desafios que se abrem para o futuro.

The social sciences were latecomers in the acceptance and incorporation of the environment into their respective research programs. Among them, Demography was perhaps the last to make this change, gradually incorporating population-environment questions. The debate has converged toward the growing incorporation of the spatial dimension, long present but not a defining issue of demographic studies, but which is central in the environmental discussion. The development of the field, though rapid and promising, has encountered difficulties inherent to interdisciplinary fields, occupying a place on the periphery of one science, at the interface with others. In Brazil, where these studies have also evolved over the last two decades, the work of the Working Group on Population and Environment of the Brazilian Association of Population Studies has been a key factor in disseminating this concern. In view of this, we seek to reflect on the production of this group to identify elements concerning the methods, themes and problematics treated over the years, in order to assess where this field is today, and what are its future perspectives and challenges.

Las Ciencias Sociales fueron las últimas en aceptar e incorporar la temática ambiental en sus respectivos temas de investigación. Entre ellas, la Demografía tal vez haya sido la última en hacer esta conversión, incluyendo poco a poco aspectos referentes a la relación población-ambiente. El debate ha convergido hacia la creciente incorporación de la dimensión espacial, siempre presente, aun no siendo el eje central en los estudios demográficos, pero que en la discusión ambiental se muestra preponderante. El desarrollo del campo, aunque rápido y promisorio, ha encontrado dificultades inherentes a áreas de estudio que tienden a la interdisciplinaridad, localizándose en la periferia de una ciencia en interfase con otras. En Brasil estos estudios también han evolucionado en las últimas dos décadas, siendo importante para su delineación el trabajo del Grupo de Trabajo "Población y Medio Ambiente", de la Asociación Brasileña de Estudios Poblacionales, privilegiado foco difusor de estas preocupaciones en el país. En vista de esto, este artículo pretende reflexionar sobre el trabajo del grupo, con la expectativa de traer a la superficie algunos elementos acerca de los métodos, temas y problemáticas abordadas a lo largo de los años, en el sentido de localizar en que punto de este desarrollo se encuentra hoy la temática, y cuales son las perspectivas y los desafíos que se abren para el futuro.