ABSTRACT
Abstract: Psychological studies of treatment adherence have established: 1) Indicator models-frequency of consultation, the prevalence of medication Intake over any other treatment, attendance at therapeutic and rehabilitation sessions-; 2) determining models-sex, age, income, level of education, reading comprehension, interpersonal relationships-; 3) mediating models-beliefs, attitudes, knowledge, intentions, and strategies-. Objective: To establish categories for the study of treatment adherence in literature published between 2015-2019, considering the occupational health climate. Method: Secondary research using a selection of 38 indexed sources in Latin American repositories- Dialnet, Latindex, Publindex, Redalyc, and Scielo-and the variables reported in the state of the art. Results: The model specification included four explanatory hypotheses of dependence relationship trajectories of six variables-demands, social support, control, effort, reward, and adherence-taken from the literature review. Discussion: Regarding the indicator, determining, and mediating models, we recommend including the work culture, quality of life, and subjective well-being variables In the specified model to examine the process that goes from the workplace culture to reinserting workers after accidents and diseases. Conclusion: The new model specification would include explanatory hypotheses of variable correlation trajectories to establish differences between organizations that provide social security and companies with workplace flexibility and their effects on their workers' occupational health.
Resumen: Los estudios psicológicos sobre la adherencia al tratamiento han establecido: 1) modelos indicadores (frecuencia de consulta, prevalencia de ingesta de medicamentos sobre cualquier otro tratamiento, asistencia a sesiones terapéuticas y de rehabilitación); 2) modelos determinantes (sexo, edad, ingresos, nivel educativo, comprensión lectora, relaciones interpersonales); y 3) modelos mediadores (creencias, actitudes, conocimientos, intenciones y estrategias). Objetivo: Establecer categorías para el estudio de la adherencia al tratamiento en la literatura publicada entre 2015 y 2019, teniendo en cuenta el clima de salud ocupacional. Método: investigación documental a través de una selección de 38 fuentes indexadas en repositorios latinoamericanos (Dialnet, Latindex, Publindex, Redalyc y Scielo) y las variables enumeradas en el estado del arte. Resultados: La especificación del modelo incluyó cuatro hipótesis explicativas de las trayectorias de las relaciones de dependencia de seis variables (demandas, apoyo social, control, esfuerzo, recompensa y adherencia) extraídas de la revisión de la literatura. Discusión: En cuanto al modelo indicador, determinante y mediador, se recomienda incluir las variables cultura laboral, calidad de vida y bienestar subjetivo en el modelo especificado con el in de examinar el proceso que abarca desde la cultura laboral hasta la reinserción de los trabajadores tras accidentes y enfermedades. Conclusión: La especificación del nuevo modelo incluiría hipótesis explicativas de trayectorias de correlación de variables para establecer diferencias entre organizaciones que brindan seguridad social y empresas con flexibilidad laboral y sus efectos en la salud ocupacional de sus trabajadores.
Resumo: Os estudos psicológicos sobre a adesão ao tratamento vêm estabelecendo que: 1) modelos indicadores (frequência de consulta, prevalência de ingesta de medicamentos sobre qualquer outro tratamento, assistência a sessões terapêuticas e de reabilitação); 2) modelos determinantes (sexo, idade, renda, escolaridade, compreensão leitora, relações interpessoais); e 3) modelos mediadores (crenças, atitudes, conhecimentos, intenções e estratégias). Objetivo: Estabelecer categorias para o estudo da adesão ao tratamento na literatura publicada entre 2015 e 2019, considerando o ambiente de saúde ocupacional. Método: pesquisa documental por meio de uma seleção de 38 fontes indexadas em repositórios latino-americanos (Dialnet, Latindex, Publindex, Redalyc e SciELO) e as variáveis enumeradas no estado da arte. Resultados: A especificação do modelo incluiu quatro hipóteses explicativas das trajetórias das relações de dependência de seis variáveis (demandas, apoio social, controle, esforço, recompensa e adesão) extraídas da revisão da literatura. Discussão: Quanto ao modelo indicador, determinante e mediador, é recomendado incluir as variáveis cultura profissional, qualidade de vida e bem-estar subjetivo no modelo especificado a fim de examinar o processo que abrange desde a cultura profissional até a reinserção dos trabalhadores após acidentes e doenças. Conclusão: A especificação do novo modelo incluiria hipóteses explicativas de trajetórias de correlação de variáveis para estabelecer diferenças entre organizações que oferecem seguridade social e empresas com flexibilidade trabalhista e seus efeitos na saúde ocupacional de seus trabalhadores.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Physical and mental health of workers is threatened due to various events and chronic occupational stress. This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between occupational stress and gastric disease in male workers of the shipbuilding industry. METHODS: Occupational stress measured among a total of 498 workers of a shipbuilding firm who visited the hospital for health examination using the Korean Occupational Stress Scale (KOSS)-short form, and the relationship between sociodemographic factors, health-related behaviors, occupational stress, and gastric disease, and the distribution of occupational stress by sociodemographic factors in the gastric disease group was examined. RESULTS: There was no significant association between gastric disease and total occupational stress score and its seven sub-factors. The analysis showed that risk of gastric disease was significantly higher in the Q1 group in which the stress caused by occupational discomfort among seven sub-factors was lowest than that in the Q4 group (odds ratio, 2.819; 95% confidence interval, 1.151 to 6.908). Analysis only on the gastric disease group showed that the stress score of laborers was higher in the four sub-factors than that of office workers (P < 0.05). Analysis on educational background showed that the scores of the three sub-factors were lower in subjects who's highest level of education was high school (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: This study suggests that it is necessary to improve the culture of Korean collectivism in the workplace and to manage the occupational stress in the low-educated and laborers. It is recommended for future studies to confirm the causal relationship between occupational stress and gastric disease by large scale studies using a KOSS which appropriately reflects workplace culture.