Civismo como estrategia de prevención del acoso laboral en estudiantes de enfermería: Una revisión de la literatura / Civility as a prevention strategy for workplace bullying in nursing students: A review of the literatura

INTRODUCCIÓN El acoso laboral en estudiantes de enfermería afecta el bienestar de su salud física y mental dificultando el proceso de aprendizaje y la atención del paciente en el entorno clínico, disminuyendo su capacidad para prosperar y alcanzar su máximo potencial. OBJETIVO Conocer el civismo como estrategia de prevención, definiendo el concepto, y la promoción de una cultura de civilidad para que los estudiantes se desarrollen en ambientes educacionales positivos y puedan prosperar y alcanzar su máximo potencial. METODOLOGÍA Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica narrativa sistematizada, para lo cual se utilizaron las bases de datos PubMed, Science Direct y Epistmónikos, seleccionando 13 los artículos de acuerdo a criterio de inclusión y exclusión establecidos. RESULTADOS Se observa que en el 100% (13) de los artículos revisados se identificó la incivilidad o acoso laboral sufrida por estudiantes de enfermería durante su entorno clínico y en un 92% (12) de los estudios incentiva a formar una cultura de civismo en la educación en enfermería como estrategia para prevenir el acoso o incivilidad. El civismo puede ser implementado a nivel organizacional, de académicos y decanos y a nivel individual. CONCLUSIÓN Las organizaciones de educación en enfermería deben asumir la implementación de un cultura de civismo para promover la civilidad en los entornos de aprendizaje, donde lo primero que se debe realizar es implementar canales de comunicación efectiva, códigos de conducta profesional, y autorreflexión

INTRODUCTION Workplace bullying in nursing students affects the well-being of their physical and mental health, hindering the process of learning and patient care in the clinical environment, reducing their ability to thrive and reach their full potential. OBJETIVE Learn about civility as a prevention strategy, defining the concept, and promoting a culture of citizenship so that students develop in positive educational environments and can thrive and reach their full potential. METHODOLOGY A systematized narrative bibliographical review was carried out, for which the Pubmed, Science Direct and Epistmonikos databases were used, selecting 13 articles according to the established inclusion and exclusion criteria. RESULTS It is observed that in 100% (13) of the reviewed articles the lack of civility or workplace harassment suffered by nursing students during their clinical environment is identified and in 92% (12) of the studies it is encouraged. the formation of a culture of civility in nursing education as a strategy to prevent bullying or lack of civility. Citizenship can be implemented at the organizational, faculty and dean level, and at the individual level. CONCLUSION Nursing education organizations must assume the implementation of a culture of citizenship to promote citizenship in learning environments, where the first thing to do is implement effective communication channels, codes of professional conduct and self-reflection

Workplace incivility among nurses in a national tertiary hospital

@#<p style="text-align: justify;">Incivility creates an environment of hostility among healthcare providers in the workplace, and undermines a culture of patient safety. Although this phenomenon is pervasive in the profession, nurses tolerate or ignore its occurrence due to inadequate knowledge, fear and lack of institutional policies. There are no empirical studies in the local context which explore incivility among nurses in the hospital setting. This study examined the sources and forms of incivility among nurses working in a hospital according to nurse-related variables. A descriptive, cross-sectional design was utilized. Respondents were asked to answer Nurse's Profile and Nursing Incivility Scale. A stratified random sampling was used. A sample of 280 nurses from different clinical nursing units in a national tertiary hospital completed the questionnaire. Incivility outcome was analyzed using One-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) according to nurse-related variables such as nursing designation, practice setting, type of clinical nursing unit and length of hospital work experience. Post-hoc analysis was performed using Tukey's Honestly Significant Difference. Data were collected from September to October 2017.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">Majority of the participants are female (78 %) and single (50 %) with an average age of 36 years old (SD= 9.96, range 21-62). They are employed in the hospital for an average of 9 years (SD = 8.82). Most of the sample works in general clinical nursing units (68 %) in a service/ charity setting (57 %). More than half of the respondents are staff nurses (67%) who provide direct care (Nurse I/II) followed by charge nurses (Nurse III) (19%) and head and chief nurses (IV/VI) (13%). Significant in civil interactions were reported between nurses and their colleagues at work, physicians and patients and their families according to the nursing designation, practice setting, type of clinical nursing unit and length of work experience. The moderately in civil interactions were exhibited in the forms of inconsistent behaviors, hostile climate and displaced frustrations. Nurse-related variables have significant impact on in civil interactions in the hospital setting. Understanding the sources and forms of incivility is of paramount importance in mitigating its impact on healthcare delivery and patient outcomes, and developing relevant policies and interventions that protect the welfare of nursing workforce.</p>

Influencia de los estereotipos de género en la valoración del incivismo laboral / Influence of gender stereotypes in the rating of workplace incivility

Este estudio tuvo por objetivo explorar cómo influyen los estereotipos de género en las valoraciones de jóvenes estudiantes sobre las formas de incivismo laboral. Basándonos en la Teoría del Incivismo Selectivo y la Teoría del Rol Social se exploró la existencia de diferencias de género en la detección y tolerancia hacia diferentes formas de incivismo y la percepción de sus consecuencias. Participaron 800 estudiantes españoles (452 mujeres y 348 varones) en un experimento con diseño factorial entre sujetos donde se manipularon las formas de incivismo, el contexto laboral y el género del participante. Los resultados indicaron que mujeres y varones tuvieron valoraciones diferentes. Las mujeres siempre detectaron incivismo, mientras que los varones sólo cuando fue excluyente en lugar de ofensivo, y ambos toleraron menos el incivismo excluyente. Incluso, las mujeres percibieron que el incivismo excluyente reducía la satisfacción laboral en ingeniería y el bienestar emocional en enfermería, mientras que no hubo efectos significativos en varones. En conclusión, el estudio contribuye aportando desarrollos específicos sobre los estereotipos de género, el incivismo laboral, su incidencia y la sensibilización hacia la problemática.

The goal was to explore how gender stereotypes influence young students' ratings of the forms of workplace incivility. Drawing from the theory of selective incivility and the social role theory, the existence of gender differences in the detection and tolerance of different forms of incivility and the perception of its consequences were explored. Participants were 800 Spanish high school and professional training students (452 females and 348 males) in a between-subjects factorial design in which forms of incivility, gender dominated work domain, and participants' gender were manipulated. The results indicated that females and males gave different ratings. Females always detected incivility whereas males only detected it when it was exclusive than offensive, and both genders tolerated exclusive incivility to a lesser extent. In fact, females perceived that exclusive incivility reduced job satisfaction in engineering and emotional well-being in nursing, whereas no significant effects were found in males. To conclude, the study contributes specific developments about gender stereotypes, workplace incivility, its incidence, and sensitization towards the problem.

Incivismo en el lugar de trabajo: un nuevo factor de estrés laboral / Workplace incivility: a new factor of job stress / Falta de civismo no sítio de trabalho: um novo fator de estresse de trabalho

El siguiente trabajo presenta una revisión sobre el constructo "incivismo" en el lugar de trabajo. Se retoma el origen de este constructo, las definiciones, conceptos, diferencias con otros constructos de comportamientos contraproducentes en el trabajo, el proceso de escalada en forma de espiral que se puede dar para transformarse en otras formas más severas de conflicto laboral como mobbing, entre otros. Igualmente, se hace mención de las características personales y organizacionales que fomentan el "incivismo" en el lugar de trabajo, las estrategias organizacionales para prevenirlo y los instrumentos y estudios relacionados con el tema hasta el momento. Por último, se hace referencia del impacto de este nuevo constructo sobre el bienestar de la persona y la organización al considerársele como un nuevo factor de estrés laboral.

The following paper presents a review about the construct of Workplace Incivility. The origin of this construct, its definitions, concepts and differences with other counterproductive work behavior constructs are analyzed, as well as the process of its escalation in the form of a spiral that can be transformed into other forms of job conflict such as mobbing. This article, also examines the personal and organizational characteristics that foment Workplace Incivility, the organizational strategies for preventing it and the instruments and studies related to the topic that have been developed up to the present. Finally, this review describes the impact that this new construct is having on the person's and the organizational well-being as a new factor of job distress.

Neste artigo foi revisado o construto "falta de civismo" no sítio de trabalho. Foi retomada a origem deste construto, as definições, os conceitos, as diferenças com outros construtos de comportamentos contraproducentes no trabalho, o processo de escalada em espiral que pode ocorrer para transformar-se em conflitos de trabalho mais severos, como o mobbing, entre outros. Assim mesmo são mencionadas as características pessoais e organizacionais que levam a promover a "falta de civismo" no sítio de trabalho, as estratégias organizacionais para evitá-lo e as ferramentas e estudos relacionados com este tema até hoje. Por último, se refere ao efeito deste novo construto no bem-estar da pessoa e da empresa por considerar-se um novo fator de estresse de trabalho.