ABSTRACT
A wound is a break in the integrity of the skin or tissues often which may be associated with disruption of the structure and function. Globally, the magnitude of acute wounds as a healthcare problem is sharply rising mainly due to industrialization. There is still a need to revisit the ancient healing methods by using traditional medicine aiming to discover a wound healing drug with better protection, rapid granulation changes, least side effects, good bio-availability and low cost. A folk medicinal plant Humboldtia vahliana Wight. belongs to the family Fabaceae, is a medium sized tree with rough, dark brown bark mottled with white. Its stem bark is used for wound healing among the tribes. Aims and objectives: The study aims to evaluate the in-vivo wound healing action of Humboldtia vahliana Wight. through excision and incision animal wound models. Methodology: 36 male Wistar albino rats weighing 150-250gm. were selected and made into 3 groups each for both incision and excision wounds, i.e., control, standard and trial group -each containing 6 rats. The trial drug Humboldtia vahliana Wight. was applied over the wound area in the form of ‘Kalka’. In excision wound model, percentage of wound contraction was the parameter for the study and was achieved by using Planimetry. In incision wound model, tensile strength was the parameter and was achieved by Local Tensiometer. Results: In case of both Incision as well as Excision wound contraction study, the data shows a statistically non-significant increase in percentage wound contraction of Trial group when compared to Control and Standard groups. Interpretation and Conclusion: The stem bark of Humboldtia vahliana Wight. showed better wound healing action in Wistar albino rats when percentage of efficacy or mean values were compared
ABSTRACT
In order to evaluate the potential of this formulation (P. lentiscus L. oil-based ointment) to heal wounds, experimental wounds were done on guinea pigs and efficiency was comparatively assessed against a reference ointment, Cicaderma®. Wound contraction was performed on days 5, 10 and 15. Tissue sections were also evaluated histopathological on days 7, 14 and 21. Results showed that for all days (5, 10 and 15), the highest wound contraction values were attained for the P. lentiscus oil-based ointment treated group with wound contraction values of 19.38, 55.8 and 77.11%, respectively, as compared to the reference drug Cicaderma® where contractions were 7.97%, 49.53% and 71.44%, respectively. Vehicle and negative control groups however showed no statistically significant wound healing activity on the excision wound model. These experimental studies revealed that the P. lentiscus oil-based ointment displays remarkable wound healing activity, in accordance with its use in traditional medicine.
Con el fin de evaluar el potencial de esta formulación (ungüento a base de aceite de P. lentiscus L.) para curar heridas, se realizaron heridas experimentales en cobayos y se evaluó comparativamente su eficacia respecto de un ungüento de referencia, Cicaderma®. La contracción de la herida se realizó los días 5, 10 y 15. Las secciones de tejido también se evaluaron histopatológicamente los días 7, 14 y 21. Los resultados mostraron que para todos los días (5, 10 y 15), se obtuvieron los valores más altos de contracción de la herida para el grupo tratado con ungüento a base de aceite de P. lentiscus con valores de contracción de la herida de 19.38, 55.8 y 77.11%, respectivamente, en comparación con el medicamento de referencia Cicaderma® en donde las contracciones fueron 7.97%, 49.53% y 71.44%, respectivamente. Sin embargo, los grupos de control de vehículo y negativo no mostraron actividad de curación de heridas estadísticamente significativa en el modelo de herida por escisión. Estos estudios experimentales revelaron que la pomada a base de aceite de P. lentiscus muestra una notable actividad de curación de heridas, de acuerdo con su uso en la medicina tradicional.
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Guinea Pigs , Ointments/pharmacology , Wound Healing/drug effects , Plant Oils/pharmacology , Pistacia/chemistry , SeedsABSTRACT
Background: Wound healing is a significant healthcare problem in today’s medical practice. Despite extensive treatment modalities that are supposed to hasten the wound healing process, the outcomes of existing methods are far from optimal. One such agent that has been tried previously and found controversial in wound healing is phenytoin. Therefore, this study was planned to evaluate and compare wound healing effect of topical phenytoin with povidone iodine ointment in rats. Methods: This study was conducted after approval from Institutional Animal Ethics Committee (IAEC). Wound healing activity of topical phenytoin (1 g% and 2 g%) was assessed in excision wound model in Sprague Dawley rats (n=8), which was compared with topical petroleum jelly and povidone iodine ointment. Parameters studied included wound area on day 0, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, percentage wound contraction, percentage wound healing from day 0 to day 20 and period of re-epithelisation. Results: Wound surface area decreased in all treatment groups from day 0 through day 20 and the percentage wound closure was better in both the preparations (1% and 2%) of phenytoin when compared wih control and povidone iodine, but this was not statistically significant. Furthermore, the days required for complete re-epithelisation were less with phenytoin treated groups. There was no statistical difference between both the preparations of phenytoin. Conclusion: In this study, it was found that topical phenytoin accelerates wound healing process in an excision wound model.
ABSTRACT
Tissue repair is a response reaction to lesions and aggressions that constitutes a dynamic process to maintain the integrity of the organism. Wound healing experiments have used several approaches in order to assess and compare treatment methods, and these discrepancies hamper comparisons among assays. This study assessed three different methods of wound measurement commonly used in healing assays: clock method, graph paper method, and computer-assisted image analysis. We used 30 Wistar rats, kept in appropriate conditions for animal well-being. After anesthesia, and using an eight-millimeter punch, two lesions were made in the back region of each rat. The wounds were assessed on days four, seven, and 14 after infliction. At four days, all methods generated similar results. By day seven, the clock method had lost precision, likely due to wound shrinkage, and yielded greater means compared to the other two methods. On the last assessment, the computer-assisted method appeared to have more precise results, with the other two generating statistically higher means. Computer-assisted image analysis seems to have maintained wound measuring precision throughout this experiment, even when faced with small lesions. Considering these results, the authors recommend the use of computer-assisted measurements in future experiments.
O reparo tecidual surge em resposta às lesões e constitui-se de um processo dinâmico para manutenção da integridade do organismo. Nos estudos sobre cicatrização de feridas, tem se utilizado várias técnicas buscando-se uma avaliação da eficácia de meios de tratamento local. Sendo assim, o presente trabalho objetivou comparar três métodos de avaliação experimental de áreas de feridas, sendo eles: o método do relógio, papel milimetrado e avaliação computadorizada. Para realização do experimento, foram utilizados 30 ratos Wistar em condições de bem-estar. Após realizada a anestesia, foram confeccionadas duas lesões no dorso de cada animal com punch de 8 mm, sendo as feridas avaliadas após quatro, sete e 14 dias de tratamento. Observou-se que aos quatro dias de tratamento, todos os métodos apresentaram o mesmo desempenho, enquanto aos sete e 14 dias, o método do relógio, apresentou maior média de área, perdendo precisão, e aos 14 dias, a avaliação computadorizada apresentou resultados mais precisos em relação a ambos os outros métodos. Concluiu-se que a avaliação computadorizada através de software de áreas de feridas cutâneas apresenta resultados mais precisos em relação aos métodos do relógio e papel milimetrado, principalmente em lesões menores.
Subject(s)
Animals , Wound Healing/physiology , Guided Tissue Regeneration/methods , Granulation Tissue/physiology , /methods , Computing MethodologiesABSTRACT
Aim: This study investigates the wound healing activity of ethanol leaf extract of Erythrina senegalensis using excision wound model on albino rats. Methodology: Several herbal extract formulations were prepared with Petroleum Jelly ointment base. Cicatrin® powder (neomycin-bacitracin) was used as the positive control. The various ointment formulations were applied topically on the wounds daily for 21 days. Daily wound contraction and epithelialisation times were recorded for each group. The antibacterial activity of the extract was also evaluated against some bacteria species implicated in wound infections. The following test organisms were used: Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli. Results: The Phytochemical analysis revealed that alkaloids were abundant in the extract. The herbal ointment at various concentrations showed significant (P<.05) increase in percentage wound contraction on day 9 – 21 compared with the control group that received only the ointment base. The contraction produced by 40% w/w of the extract was similar to that of Cicatrin® powder on day 6 – 21. The results also revealed significant (P<.05) reduction in epithelialisation time exhibited by the extract treated animals compared to those of the control group. The result of antimicrobial studies showed that the extract inhibited the test organisms at concentrations ranging from 200 to 12.5 mg/mL. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations (MICs) of the extract on the test isolates was recorded at 25mg/mL for both S. aureus and E. coli and 6.25mg/ml for K. pneumoniae. P. aeruginosa showed no susceptibility to both the extract and the control drug at the concentrations evaluated. Conclusion: The marked reduction of wound size and epithelialisation time by the extract is an indication of its wound healing potentials. Also, the antibacterial activity of this plant against bacterial species implicated in wound infections may contribute to the enhanced wound healing activity.
ABSTRACT
Background: Wound is a common process leading to inflammation and healing process. Jasminum grandiflorum is a plant widely grown in Karnataka and is mention in ancient medical systems to promote healing. So the study was taken up to confirm the anti-inflammatory effect of the plant. Methods: Excision and incision wound models in albino rats were used to study the wound healing effect. It was mainly studied by the degree of epithelisation at various intervals and compared with control group. The strength of the wound was assessed by its wound breaking strength at the end. Results: It was found that jasmine extract increased the degree of epithelisation and thus promoting wound healing. It was also found that the wound breaking strength was more in the drug treated group compared to normal. Conclusions: Jasminum grandiflorum leaf extract is known to have wound healing property.
ABSTRACT
Background: Wound healing is an important process in regeneration of the lost tissue, it involves various steps. Varieties of substances are known to interact in the healing process, some of the plant products are found to be beneficial. Jasmine leaves are mentioned to have healing effect in ancient literature. Hence the study was carried out to evaluate the wound healing effect by assessing the histopathological parameters. Methods: The study was done in the albino rats which were divided into various groups. The histopathological parameters were studied at regular intervals. Results: It was found that jasmine paste improved the wound healing process at all the stages. Conclusion: Jasminum grandiflorum has wound healing effect in albino rats.
ABSTRACT
Objectives: To study the effect of ethanolic extract of the leaf of Plectranthus amboinicus on the healing of burn wounds in wistar rats and compare it with silver sulfadiazine treated group.Materials and Methods: Five groups of rats were used in the study. Partial thickness burn wounds were made on each rat under ketamine anesthesia.The wounds in the five groups of rats were treated topically with petroleum base, silver sulfadiazine,1%, 2% and 3% ointment of ethanolic extract of Plectranthus amboinicus, respectively, once daily for 21 days or till complete healing whichever was earlier. The wound contraction rate and period of epithelization were monitored. Results: The rate of wound contraction was significantly more in Plectranthusamboinicustreated groups in comparison to the control. The mean period of epithelization was significantly decreased in Plectranthus amboinicus treated group when compared to control (P < 0.01) and silver sulfadiazine (P =0.02) treated group. Conclusion: The ethanolic extract of Plectranthusamboinicuspromoted healing of burn wound in wistar rats.
ABSTRACT
To evaluate the effect of phenytoin on burn wounds and to compare the effect of the combination of topical phenytoin preparation in dexamethasone treated burn wounds in rats, partial thickness thermal burn wounds were inflicted upon five groups of six rats each. Group I was assigned as control, Group II received the standard silver sulphadiazine, Group III was given topical phenytoin and Group IV received injection dexamethasone, Group V received the combination of the phenytoin and the dexamethasone. The parameters observed were epithelialization period, percentage of wound contraction and histopathological analysis as indicative of the process of healing. Phenytoin group showed significant improvement in burn wound contraction in comparison to standard silver sulphadiazine group, the combination group of topical phenytoin and dexamethasone also showed significant contraction compared to dexamethasone group. The period of epithelialization also decreased significantly in groups II, III and V. In conclusion, phenytoin promotes burn wound healing as evidenced by decrease in period of epithelialization and faster wound contraction.
ABSTRACT
Introduction: Punica granatum is known to have long history of medicinal use. Aqueous fractions prepared from pomegranate peel extract has been found to stimulate type 1 procollagen synthesis and inhibit matrix metalloproteinase (which breaks down skin protein) produced by dermal fibroblasts. Objectives: To study the effect of a topical Punica granatum peel extract on healing of burn wound and to compare its effect with that of standard (silver sulfadiazine). Materials and Methods: Partial thickness burn wounds were inflicted upon wistar rats by pouring hot molten wax at 80˚C in to a metal cylinder with 300mm square circular opening, placed on the back of the animal. There were four groups in the study viz. control (topical petroleum jelly), standard (topical Silver Sulphadiazine Cream) and test groups (topical Punica granatum peel extract 10% and 20 %). The parameters measured were wound contraction and epithelization period in this burn wound model. Results & Discussion: The percentage of wound contraction was significantly increased in the topical Punica granatum extract (10% and 20%) and silver sulfadiazine group compared to control group. The mean period of epithelization was significantly reduced in topical Punica granatum extract (10% and 20%) group and silver sulfadiazine group as compared to the control. Conclusion: Punica granatum peel extract is effective in healing burn wound and the effect was comparable to the standard drug silver sulfadiazine.
ABSTRACT
The dexamethasone suppressed and normal wound healing effect of ethanolic extract of leaves of Hyptis suaveolens (L) poit. (EEHS) at 400mg/kg and 800mg/kg was studied in Wistar rats. Two wound models viz. incision and excision wounds were used in this study. The parameters studied were breaking strength in case of incision wounds, period of epithelization and wound contraction in case of excision wound. The dexamethasone treated group showed a significant (P<0.05) reduction in the wound breaking strength in incision type of wound model and significant increase in epithelization period and reduction in percentage of wound contraction in excision type of wound model as compared to control group. Extract treated groups showed significant (P<0.05) improvement in all the wound healing parameters of incision and excision wound models as compared to control. In incision wound model, Co administration of EEHS at both the dosage levels with dexamethasone had significantly (P<0.05) increased the wound breaking strength as compared to dexamethasone only treated group and was seen more at dosage level of 400mg/kg. Similarly, in excision wound model, there was significant improvement (P<0.05) in both the parameters when EEHS was co administered with dexamethasone as compared to dexamethasone only treated group but improvement was more at dosage level of 800mg/kg.
ABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the wound healing potential of fractions from ethanol extract of Martynia annua (M. annua) Linn leaves.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Ethanol extract of M. annua Linn leaves was fractionate into three different fractions (MAF-A, MAF-B and MAF-C) which were screened for wound healing potential using two models: excision and incision on rats. The thin layer chromatography (TLC) profile of all fractions were analyzed and TLC of luteolin was also done. The Povidone-Iodine Ointment was used as reference for comparision. Excision and incision wounds were created on dorsal portion of rats for study. Wound contraction, biochemical parameters (protein level and hydroxyproline level) and histopathological study were performed in excision wound model whereas incision model was used for determination of tensile strength.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The wound contraction and tensile strength of skin tissues were observed significantly greater in MAF-C fraction treated group than other two fractions (P<0.01). In excision wound method (on day 18) protein content and hydroxyproline were found significantly higher in MAF-C group than control group (P<0.01). Histopathological study also showed better angiogenesis, matured collagen fibres and fibroblast cells as compared with the control group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>In conclusion, our findings suggest that fraction MAF-C from ethanol extract of M. annua leaves is found most effective in wound healing.</p>
Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Male , Anti-Infective Agents, Local , Therapeutic Uses , Growth Substances , Therapeutic Uses , Plant Extracts , Therapeutic Uses , Plant Leaves , Chemistry , Rats, Wistar , Tracheophyta , Chemistry , Treatment Outcome , Wound HealingABSTRACT
PURPOSE: The shape and location, the amount of the wound and the characteristics of the remaining tissues are known to influence wound contraction. The previous studies using small animals have not been an appropriate model because the wound healing mechanisms and skin structures are different from those of the human. The purpose of this study is to evaluate wound contraction according to the shape and location of the wound using a Micropig(R). METHODS: Four Micropigs(R)(Medikinetics, Pyeongtaek, Korea) that were 10 months of age weighed 25kg were used. Full thickness skin defects were made by clearing all the tissues above the fascial layer in the shape of square, a regular triangle and a circle of 9cm2 each on the back around the spine. Eight wounds were created on the back of each pig, 50mm apart from each other. The randomly chosen wound shapes included 11 squares, 11 regular triangles, and 10 circles. Wound dressing was done every other day with polyurethane foam. The wound size was measured using a Visitrak Digital(R)(Smith & Nephew, Hull, UK) on every other day after surgery from day 2 to day 28. A biopsy was performed on day 3, and 1, 2, 3 and 4 weeks to investigate the degree of acute and chronic inflammation, the number of microvesssel and myofibroblast density using H & E stain and immunohistochemistry. The wound contraction rate was calculated to figure out the differences among each of the shapes and the locations. RESULTS: The ultimate shape of the circle wound was oval, and that of the regular triangle and square were stellate. The maximum contraction rate was obtained on 8 to 10 days for all the shapes, which corresponds with the immunohistochemical finding that myofibroblast increases in the earlier 2 weeks whereas it decreases in the later 2 weeks. Epithelialization was seen in the wound margin on day 7 and afterwards. The final wound contraction rates were highest for the regular triangle shapes; however, there were no statistically significant differences. The wound contraction rates by locations showed statistically significant differences. The wound in the cephalic area presented more contractions than that of the wounds in the caudal area. CONCLUSION: The location of a wound is more important factor than the wound shape in wound contraction.
Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , Bandages , Biopsy , Contracts , Immunohistochemistry , Inflammation , Myofibroblasts , Polyurethanes , Skin , Spine , Wound HealingABSTRACT
Objective: To evaluate the wound healing potential of fractions from ethanol extract of Martyniaannua (M. annua) Linn leaves. Methods: Ethanol extract of M. annua Linn leaves was fractionate into three different fractions (MAF-A, MAF-B and MAF-C) which were screened for wound healing potential using two models: excision and incision on rats. The thin layer chromatography (TLC) profile of all fractions were analyzed and TLC of luteolin was also done. The Povidone-Iodine Ointment was used as reference for comparision. Excision and incision wounds were created on dorsal portion of rats for study. Wound contraction, biochemical parameters (protein level and hydroxyproline level) and histopathological study were performed in excision wound model whereas incision model was used for determination of tensile strength. Results: The wound contraction and tensile strength of skin tissues were observed significantly greater in MAF-C fraction treated group than other two fractions (P<0.01). In excision wound method (on day 18) protein content and hydroxyproline were found significantly higher in MAF-C group than control group (P<0.01). Histopathological study also showed better angiogenesis, matured collagen fibres and fibroblast cells as compared with the control group. Conclusions: In conclusion, our findings suggest that fraction MAF-C from ethanol extract of M. annua leaves is found most effective in wound healing.
ABSTRACT
Fibroblasts are known as the key cells for wound contraction. In the plastic surgical field, wound contraction is one of the main concerns. Many drugs and treatment modalities have been tried to reduce the action of fibroblasts. To investigate the effects of minoxidil and griseofulvin on fibroblasts, fetal human fibroblasts were isolated from the anterior chest of normal fetus. Minoxidil, in addition to its effect on hypertension and hair growth and griseofulvin which has been used as antifungal agent were added on cultured fibroblasts. The morphological changes and numerical changes of the fibroblasts were observed by phase contrast microscopy. In low concentration, minoxidil does not inhibit the proliferation of fibroblasts but in high concentration, it inhibits the proliferation of fibroblasts and prevents the formation of proliferative cytoplasmic buds of fibroblasts. Griseofulvin inhibits the action of fibroblasts but not so significant as minoxidil. Also, they prevent the contraction of collagen lattice in high concentration. The importance of these findings is possible usage of these drugs to treat clinical fibrosis and hypertrophic scars. Further studies will be planned to learn more about a possible role of minoxidil and griseofulvin in prevention of wound contraction.
Subject(s)
Humans , Cicatrix, Hypertrophic , Collagen , Cytoplasm , Fetus , Fibroblasts , Fibrosis , Griseofulvin , Hair , Hypertension , Microscopy, Phase-Contrast , Minoxidil , Thorax , Wounds and InjuriesABSTRACT
Biological skin substitutes can be used in human skin defects. However, with the exception of autograft, they are not permanent due to incompatible tissue antigenicity. In our study, we planned to determine the fate of porcine skin, preliminarily processed, in order to eliminate tissue antigenicity after implantation onto nude athymic mice. Harvested porcine skin was meshed and put through epidermal separation, decellular, lyophilization and antiseptic processes. After rehydration, the processed skin is grafted to the skin defect made on the back of a nude mouse. Then thin autologous skin is overlaid and secured with suture(Experimental group). The control group is recovered by autologous skin graft only. Evaluation for wound contraction area(1st, 2nd, 4th, 8th week) and histological analysis(2nd, 4th, 8th week)were performed.The porcine dermis became completely incorporated into the wound without evidence of rejection. The reduction in wound contraction in the experimental group was significant in comparison with that of the control group. In conclusions, the decellularization and lyophilization process was found to have destroyed cells regulating immune re sponse while preserving the structural organization of extracellular matrices. We are trying to focus on establishment and management of the skin bank for the preparation, storage of the porcine xenograft in the future.
Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , Mice , Autografts , Dermis , Extracellular Matrix , Fluid Therapy , Freeze Drying , Heterografts , Mice, Nude , Skin , Skin, Artificial , Transplants , Wounds and InjuriesABSTRACT
Biological skin substitutes can be used in human skin defects. However, with the exception of autograft, they are not permanent due to incompatible tissue antigenicity. In our study, we planned to determine the fate of porcine skin, preliminarily processed, in order to eliminate tissue antigenicity after implantation onto nude athymic mice. Harvested porcine skin was meshed and put through epidermal separation, decellular, lyophilization and antiseptic processes. After rehydration, the processed skin is grafted to the skin defect made on the back of a nude mouse. Then thin autologous skin is overlaid and secured with suture(Experimental group). The control group is recovered by autologous skin graft only. Evaluation for wound contraction area(1st, 2nd, 4th, 8th week) and histological analysis(2nd, 4th, 8th week)were performed.The porcine dermis became completely incorporated into the wound without evidence of rejection. The reduction in wound contraction in the experimental group was significant in comparison with that of the control group. In conclusions, the decellularization and lyophilization process was found to have destroyed cells regulating immune re sponse while preserving the structural organization of extracellular matrices. We are trying to focus on establishment and management of the skin bank for the preparation, storage of the porcine xenograft in the future.