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@#Abstract: Objective To analyze the impact of the flood disaster on the distribution of Oncomelania snails in 2020 in Wuhu City, to provide scientific basis for formulating the "14th Five-Year Plan" for schistosomiasis control and precise prevention and control measures in Wuhu City. Methods Systematic sampling combined with environmental spot check was used to investigate the distribution of snails in the historical snail's environment, existing snail's environment and suspected snail's environment in Wuhu City. The collected snails were crushed and examined by microscope to understand the death and life of snails and the infection of Schistosoma japonicum, and the density of live snails and other indicators were counted. Results The historical area of snails was 14 475.24 hm2 in Wuhu City, and the existing area of snails was 4 588.72 hm2, including 4 210.32 hm2 for lake type and 378.40 hm2 for hill type snails. The average occurrence rate of live snails was 14.59%, and the average density of live snails was 0.50 snails/0.1 m2 in Wuhu City. There were 2 745 snail breeding environments, of which 491 were lake type and 2 254 are hill type, accounting for 17.89% and 82.11% respectively. The existing snail area was mainly distributed in the beaches and ditches, accounting for 92.51% and 6.29% of the existing snail area respectively. Some snails were distributed in ponds, paddy fields and other environments. Among all the historical snail habitats, the majority were class Ⅱ and class Ⅲ environments (which still have the basic conditions for snail breeding at present), with a total of 1 739 sites (blocks), accounting for 63.35% of the total environment. No schistosomiasis infected snails have been found, and the newly discovered and recovered snails cover an area of 268.21 hm2 in Wuhu City. Conclusions The distribution of snails is extensive in Wuhu City, and snails are mostly distributed in beaches, which are vulnerable to the impact of flood disasters. The spread of Oncomelania snails is found in 30 marshlands in 3 counties in this survey. It is necessary to continue to strengthen snail monitoring after disasters, and take class Ⅱ and class Ⅲ environments as key areas for snail monitoring, so as to find, identify and evaluate the risk of schistosomiasis transmission as soon as possible, to avoid or reduce the impact of flood disasters on the process of schistosomiasis control, and promote the process of schistosomiasis elimination.
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Objective To investigate the morphological characteristics of Echinostoma miyagawai in domestic ducks in Wuhu area, and to explore the feasibility of the cytochrome oxidase subunit-1 (Cox1) gene as a molecular marker for the identification of E. miyagawai. Methods E. miyagawai was isolated from free-ranged domestic ducks in Wuhu area, and the parasites were stained and identified. In addition, the mitochondrial Cox1 gene of E. miyagawai was amplified using a PCR assay, and the amplification product was sequenced and aligned with the GenBank database to yield the homology for the identification of parasite species in combination with morphological findings. Intra-species comparison was done based on the Cox1 gene sequence. Results The prevalence of E. miyagawai infection was 16.67% in domestic ducks in Wuhu area, and the adult E. miyagawai was 6.6 to 13.2 mm in length. The size of the E. miyagawai Cox1 gene was approximately 660 bp, which had a 99.68% homology to the E. miyagawai accessed in GenBank. The morphological findings were in agreement with molecular identification. Conclusion E. miyagawai infection is common in domestic ducks in Wuhu area, and the mitochondrial Cox1 gene is a feasible marker of intra- and inter-species molecular identification of Echinostoma.
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Objective To examine the effect of schistosomiasis on the development of gastric cancer and colorectal cancer. Methods The clinical data of patients with gastric cancer and colorectal cancer with and without schistosomiasis japonica that were admitted to the Yijishan Hospital Affiliated to Wannan Medical College from January 2014 to December 2018 were collected. All cases were divided into schistosomal gastric cancer group and non - schistosomal gastric cancer group, schistosomal colorectal cancer group and non-schistosomal colorectal cancer group. The risk factors of gastric cancer and colorectal cancer were identified using univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis, and the effects of schistosomiasis on the development and progression of gastric cancer and colorectal cancer were evaluated. In addition, the survival of 32 patients with schistosomal colorectal cancer and 68 cases with non-schistosomal colorectal were estimated using telephone follow-up, and compared. Results There were 113 patients with schistosomal gastric cancer and 3 741 cases with non-schistosomal gastric cancer enrolled in this study, and there were significant differences between them in terms of sex ratio, age and prevalence of Helico-bacter pylori infection (all P values < 0.05). Logistic regression analysis revealed that age, H. pylori infection, and schistosomiasis were independent risk factors for gastric cancer (all P values < 0.05). There were 184 patients with schistosomal colorectal cancer and 2 205 cases with non-schistosomal colorectal cancer recruited in this study, and there were significant differences between them in terms of age, sex ratio, rate of history of alcohol consumption and rate of positive fecal occult blood test (all P values < 0.05). The phenotypes of both schistosomal and non-schistosomal colorectal cancer were predominantly ulcerative; however, the proportion of patients with invasive and protruded colorectal cancer was significantly greater than that of patients with non-schistosomal colorectal cancer (P = 0.003). Logistic regression analysis revealed that age (P = 0.003), gender (P = 0.002), phenotype (P = 0.005) and schistosomiasis (P = 0.029) were independent risk factors for colorectal cancer. The 5-year survival rate was significantly higher in patients with schistosomal colorectal cancer (68.90%) than in those with non-schistosomal colorectal cancer (46.40%), and the dead patients with schistosomal colorectal cancer had a significantly greater mean age than those with non-schistosomal colorectal cancer [ (66.33 ± 3.08) years vs. (56.29 ± 1.94), P < 0.05]. Conclusions Schistosomiasis may alter the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer, resulting in the differences in the epidemiology, clinical characteristics and 5-year survival rate between patients with schistosomal and non-schistosomal colorectal cancer. Periodical gastrointestinal endoscopy and other examinations are recommended to exclude the likelihood of gastrointestinal cancers in men with anemia of unknown causes and at ages of 60 years living in schistosomiasis-endemic areas.
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Objective: To observe the clinical efficacy of Peiyuan Tongnao capsule combined with "Zhisanzhen" for post-stroke dementia (PSD) and investigate its mechanism.Method: Ninety-eight eligible patients were randomly divided into control group (49 cases) and observation group (49 cases) by random number table.Both groups received donepezil tablet,10 mg/time,qd,and nimodipine tablet,30 mg/time,qd.Patients in control group additionally took "Zhisanzhen" ,qd,5 times/week.Based on the treatment in control group,patients in observation group additionally took Peiyuan Tongnao capsule,3 capsules/time,tid.The treatment course was 12 weeks.Before and at the 4th,8th and 12th week after treatment,mini-mental state examination (MMSE),montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA),activity of daily living scale (ADL),neuropsychiatric inventory (NPI) and symptoms of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) were evaluated.Before and after treatment,levels of serum hyperhomocysteinemia (Hcy),hepatocyte growth factor (HGF),oxidized low density lipoprotein (Ox-LDL) and acetylcholinesterase (AchE) were detected.Result: The total clinical effective rate was 93.88% in observation group,better than 77.55% in control group (χ2=5.333,PFcontrol=3.947,Fobservation=5.833,PFcontrol=3.876,Fobservation=6.011,Pth and 12th after treatment,scores of MMSE in the observation group were all higher than those in control group (Pth week after treatment,score of MoCA in observation group was higher than that in control group (PPPPPConclusion: Peiyuan Tongnao capsule combined with "Zhisanzhen" can improve cognitive and behavioral abilities,improve clinical efficacy,ameliorate abnormal mental behavior,relieve clinical symptoms,and regulate levels of Hcy,Ox-LDL,AchE and HGF in the treatment of post-stroke dementia.
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Objective To investigate the prevalence and vertical transmission rate of Toxoplasma gondii infections among in parturient women in Wuhu City, so as to provide reference for the prevention and control of toxoplasmosis among pregnant women in the city. Methods Parturient women’s venous blood samples and neonatal heel blood samples were collected in Wuhu City and prepared into filter-paper blood samples. The prevalence and vertical transmission rate of T. gondii infections were detected using the loop -mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay among the parturient women. Results There were three positive samples detected in the 475 filter-paper blood samples from the parturient women, with a mean positive rate of 0.63%. The prevalence of T. gondii infection was 0 in pregnant women at ages of < 20 years (0/5) and at an advanced maternal age (0/24), while the prevalence was 0.67% (3/446) in pregnant women at an appropriate maternal age. T. gondii infection was detected in 2 filter-paper blood samples from newborns, with a vertical transmission rate of 66.67%. Conclusions There is T. gondii infection in the parturient women and a high vertical transmission rate of T. gondii infection is detected in Wuhu City. The awareness of the potential risk factors of toxoplasmosis should be improved among pregnant women to prevent the damages of toxoplasmosis to humans.
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Objective To analyze the endemic situation of schistosomiasis in Wuhu City from 2009 to 2018, so as to provide evidence for adjusting and developing the control strategy. Methods The data regarding the endemic situation were retrospectively collected and analyzed in Wuhu City from 2009 to 2018. Results The prevalence of human Schistosoma japonicum infections reduced from 0.450% in 2009 to 0.035% in 2018 in Wuhu City, and a reduction rate of 92.22% (χ2 = 1 6128.307, P < 0.01), and the prevalence of S. japonicum infections decreased from 0.483% in 2009 to 0 in 2018 (χ2 = 27.570, P < 0.01) in livestock. The area of snail habitats increased from 1 501.07 hm2 in 2009 to 4 408.62 hm2 in 2018, with an increase of 193.70%. No infected snails were found in Wuhu City since 2012, and no egg positives were detected in humans and livestock since 2016. Conclusions Currently, the endemic situation of schistosomiasis is at a low level in Wuhu City; however, there are still factors affecting schistosomiasis transmission. In the future, the integrated strategy with emphasis on the control of infectious source and the surveillance-response system should be intensified to consolidate the achievements of schistosomiasis control.
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Objective To investigate the prevalence and vertical transmission rate of Toxoplasma gondii infections among in parturient women in Wuhu City, so as to provide reference for the prevention and control of toxoplasmosis among pregnant women in the city. Methods Parturient women’s venous blood samples and neonatal heel blood samples were collected in Wuhu City and prepared into filter-paper blood samples. The prevalence and vertical transmission rate of T. gondii infections were detected using the loop -mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay among the parturient women. Results There were three positive samples detected in the 475 filter-paper blood samples from the parturient women, with a mean positive rate of 0.63%. The prevalence of T. gondii infection was 0 in pregnant women at ages of < 20 years (0/5) and at an advanced maternal age (0/24), while the prevalence was 0.67% (3/446) in pregnant women at an appropriate maternal age. T. gondii infection was detected in 2 filter-paper blood samples from newborns, with a vertical transmission rate of 66.67%. Conclusions There is T. gondii infection in the parturient women and a high vertical transmission rate of T. gondii infection is detected in Wuhu City. The awareness of the potential risk factors of toxoplasmosis should be improved among pregnant women to prevent the damages of toxoplasmosis to humans.
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Objective To analyze the endemic situation of schistosomiasis in Wuhu City from 2009 to 2018, so as to provide evidence for adjusting and developing the control strategy. Methods The data regarding the endemic situation were retrospectively collected and analyzed in Wuhu City from 2009 to 2018. Results The prevalence of human Schistosoma japonicum infections reduced from 0.450% in 2009 to 0.035% in 2018 in Wuhu City, and a reduction rate of 92.22% (χ2 = 1 6128.307, P < 0.01), and the prevalence of S. japonicum infections decreased from 0.483% in 2009 to 0 in 2018 (χ2 = 27.570, P < 0.01) in livestock. The area of snail habitats increased from 1 501.07 hm2 in 2009 to 4 408.62 hm2 in 2018, with an increase of 193.70%. No infected snails were found in Wuhu City since 2012, and no egg positives were detected in humans and livestock since 2016. Conclusions Currently, the endemic situation of schistosomiasis is at a low level in Wuhu City; however, there are still factors affecting schistosomiasis transmission. In the future, the integrated strategy with emphasis on the control of infectious source and the surveillance-response system should be intensified to consolidate the achievements of schistosomiasis control.
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Objective To understand the status of knowledge,attitude and practice(KAP)on foodborne parasitic diseases and the influencing factors among college students in Wuhu City,so as to provide the evidence for the development of strategies on health education.Methods A total of 1 685 college students from five colleges were selected through the randomly stratified cluster sampling method,and then they were investigated by questionnaires to understand their KAP on foodborne parasitic dis-eases.Chi-square test was performed and regression models were constructed to analyze the influencing factors of knowledge on food-borne parasitic diseases.Results Among the 1 685 college students surveyed the awareness rates of knowledge about food-borne parasitic diseases and their harms were 33.5％(565 cases)and 31.4％(529 cases).There were statistically significant dif-ferences among/between the grades,schools,places of origin,family incomes,whether or not having the male or female friends,whether or not having the medical personnel in the family,whether or not having the insistence on the annual physical examination,whether or not receiving the health education,and whether or not having the history of parasitic diseases(all P<0.05).The logistic regression analysis showed that the school,receiving the health education,having the insistence on the annu-al physical examination,and the history of parasitic diseases were the independent influencing factors of the awareness rate of knowledge on foodborne parasitic diseases(all P<0.01).Conclusion The awareness rate,healthy behavior and correct atti-tude formation about foodborne parasitic diseases are low among the college students in Wuhu City,and therefore,it is neces-sary to offer the courses related to foodborne parasitic diseases in colleges and universities.
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Objective To analyze the epidemic situation of schistosomiasis in Wuhu County from 2012 to 2016,so as to pro-vide the reference for adjusting the control strategy. Methods The data of schistosomiasis prevention and control in Wuhu County from 2012 to 2016 were collected and longitudinally analyzed. Results Since 2013,the average infection rate of schisto-somiasis in the population decreased year by year,and the infection rate decreased to 0 in 2016. Since 2012,the infection rate of livestock was 0. The area with Oncomelania hupensis snails decreased year by year,but it drastically rebounded in 2016. No schistosome-infected snails were found since 2012. Conclusions Schistosomiasis epidemic is effectively controlled in Wuhu County,but there is a possibility of recovery. In the next stage,we should focus on strengthening the control of snails and import-ed infectious sources in order to consolidate the achievements of prevention and control.
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Objective To investigate the Demodex infection status and influencing factors in medical students in Wuhu City. Methods The mite specimens were collected by the cellophane tape method,and the influencing factors were investigated through the questionnaires. Results A total of 316 medical students were surveyed,117 students were infected with Demodex mite,and the total infection rate was 37.03%. There was no significant difference between the male and female in the infection rate( χ2 = 0.00,P > 0.05). Of the 117 infected cases,the infection rate of simple Demodex folliculorum was 51.28%,the infec-tion rate of simple Demodex brevis was 24.79%,and the rate of mixed infections was 23.93%. The rate of the mild infection (83.76%)was significantly higher than that of the moderate infection(12.82 %)and that of the severe infection(3.42%). The infection rate in the forehead was the highest(29.41%). Among the students with the oily skin,the infection rate of Demodex mite was related to sex. The infection rate of simple Demodex brevis in the male(3.70%)was lower than that in the female (16.42%)( χ2 = 6.92,P < 0.05),while the rate of the mixed infections in the male(17.28%)was higher than that in the fe-male(4.48%)( χ2 = 5.91,P < 0.05). The infection rate of facial skin with symptoms(51.80%)was higher than that of normal facial skin(33.05%)( χ2 = 9.14,P < 0.01). There was no significant difference between the infection rate of Demodex mite and the living habits and other factors. Conclusions There is some infection of Demodex in the medical students. The infection rate of facial skin with symptoms is higher than that of the normal facial skin. So we should strengthen the prevention and treat-ment of Demodex infection in medical students.
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Objective To report the seizure of Laelaps echidninus on the surface of Apodemus agrarius in Wuhu area for the first time,which prompts that there may exist the spread of the diseases by mites. Methods The mites got from the rats poi-soned by bait were made as the routine slide specimen and then identified with the reference of previous literature. Results The mites seized from Apodemus agrarius were 8 female ones totally and identified as Laelaps echidninus. Conclusion There exsits Laelaps echidninus parasitic on the body of Apodemus agrarius in Wuhu area,which should be paid attention to seriously in order to prevent the spread of diseases by it.
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Objective To investigate the species of Limacodidae and the biological habits on Prunus cerasifera and sycamore in the urban area of Wuhu City,so as to provide the reference for the prevention and control of the diseases caused by Limacodi?dae. Methods Two observation places were selected in the urban area of Wuhu City,and the survey period of the first observa?tion place(A)was from 2014?5?4 to 2014?11?2,and eucleid caterpillar was observed and collected every Sunday(a total of 27 times);the survey period of the second observation place(B)was from 2014?1?5 to 2014?12?28,and eucleid caterpillar was ob?served and collected every Sunday(a total of 52 times). The eucleid caterpillars were collected by the visual inspection and arti?ficial direct collecting method,and then they were identified and classified by the naked eye direct observation and the direct ob?servation with the help of the anatomical lens in the laboratory. Results There were seven kinds of identified Limacodidae from the two observation places and their occurrence regularity,the species composition ratio,and natural enemies were understood. Conclusions Limacodidae larvae not only are the defoliator of the ornamental forests,but also harm the health of residents, that is they can cause eucleid larva dermatitis. Therefore,we should strengthen the prevention and control of Limacodidae,re?ducing its impact on the lives of the residents.
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Objective To investigate the epidemic situation of Metorchis orientalis in Wuhu City Anhui Province. Meth?ods Three lakes Fengming Longwo and Kui lakes were selected in Wuhu City and the poultries around the lakes and fresh?water fishes in the lakes were captured to test the infection of M. orientalis and the infection rates were calculated. Results The adult worms of M. orientalis were found in gall bladder and hepatic duct of domestic ducks with infection rate of 16.7%. The metacercariae of M. orientalis were discovered in the muscle of Pseudorasbora parva and Pseudogobio rivularis with infection rates of 7.13%and 3.38%respectively. Conclusion M. orientalis is endemic in Wuhu City which should be paid enough at?tention to the animal husbandry aquaculture and medicine.
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Objective To understand the breeding situation of Acaroid mites in indoor environments of kindergartens in Wuhu City so as to provide the evidence for its prevention and control. Methods From March to June and September to De?cember in 2014 dust samples were collected from 15 kindergartens of 3 ranks every month. Acaroid mites in the samples were isolated identified and counted. Results Totally 360 samples were selected and 169 samples 46.94% had mite infestation. Pyroglyphidae accounted for the most in the population with the breeding rate of 45.00%. Totally 18 504 mites were found and Dermatophagoides farina and Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus were the dominant species with the composition ratios of 30.21%5 590 mites and 17.83% 3 300 mites respectively. The third?ranked kindergartens were in the most serious situation con?cerning with 81.67% 98/120 of the breeding rate of Acaroid mites. The differences were statistically significant among the kin?dergartens with different ranks F=6.048 χ2=73.523 both P0.05 . Conclusion Acaroid mites in the kindergartens in Wuhu City were in serious condition and the population and species composition of Acaroid mite community is influenced by the human behavior and indoors environments.
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The separation of drug and medical service is key to alleviating the social problem of high medical expenses,and the top thing to do is to cut off the profit link found in the drugs purchase and sales interests chain.Pharmacies of the hospital are found to play a crucial role in this chain,as they not only take part in the decision-making of drug purchase but also directly purchase and dispense drugs.Wuhu has established the Medicine and Medical Consumables Management Center,which directly regulates the pharmacies and detach them from this chain,weakening their rent-seeking power.Practices of this reform found the pharmacies no longer playing a dominant role in drug purchase/dispensation on one hand,and yet less incentives of the pharmacies due to management by the Center on the other,resulting in poorer pharmaceutical management of the hospital as a result.In this consideration,pharmacies have experienced a detachment and return process from their hospital in the reform of drug and medical service separation in Wuhu.Experiences prove the correct way out is to guide the pharmacies to upgrade from logistics in drug supply to innovated services,thus better serving hospital management.
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The drug and medical consumables management center in Wuhu features the operational mechanism separating the decision-making power of drug purchasing,the executive power and the supervision power.This practice terminates the interest chain previously found between medicine suppliers with hospitals,pharmacies and doctors,creating the Wuhu Model of drug and medical service separation at public hospitals.The drug zero-profit policy reshapes the drug supply system and the existing compensation mechanism of public hospitals,further defining the Wuhu Model.This model is paving the way for the same reform to be carried out nationwide.
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Wuhu City has been exploring,since 2007,an innovative health and medical system featuring both the reform of public hospitals and that of the primary care system.This reform aims at strengthening the public health service system,improving the basic medical service system,speeding up the construction of the medical security system,and improving the drug supply system.It is characteristic of a core,two wings,and four-wheel drive,which tells the essence of Wuhu' s reform practices and outcomes.
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OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for rational use of drugs in hospital under the condition of the separation of drug and medical care. METHODS:The volumes of business,income from drug and income condition of medical staff were compared before and after implementation of separation of drug and medical care. The chance for pharmaceutical work under the condition of the separation of drug and medical care were analyzed to put forward advice for improvement of drug use in medical institutions. RESULTS & CONCLUSION:After conducting Wuhu model in 8 medical institutions,some achievement and experience have been obtained. It should be propelled to implement effective administration for rational use of drugs to resolve the problems on over expensive medical service.
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Object To establish the quality standard for Wuhu Powder. Methods Radix Angelicae Sinensis (RAS), Radix Angelicae Dahuricae (RAD), and Flos Carthami (FC) were determined qualitatively by TLC. The content of cimicifugoside and 5-O-methylvisammioside were determined by HPLC. Results The linear ranges of cimicifugoside and 5-O-methylvisammioside were 0.370 0—1.850 0 ?g and 0.191 0—0.955 0 ?g. The recoveries were 100.74% and 98.33%, RSD were 0.67% and 1.91% (n=5), respectively. Conclusion The method is simple, accurate, credibility, which can be used as the quality control standard of Wuhu Powder.