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The homology of medicine and food has long been recognized in China， and the medicinal and edible resources are often employed to prevent and treat diseases or maintain health in traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）. Due to the unique geographical and climatic conditions， the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region （hereinafter referred to as Xinjiang） is blessed with abundant medicinal and edible resources， like Rosae Rugosae Flos， Punica granatum， and Amygdalus communis， which have been widely used by local ethnic communities as medicine in light of the remarkable pharmacological activities， guaranteeing their health condition to some extent. This paper collected the relevant articles from China National Knowledge Infrastructure （CNKI） database through the keyword and full-text search with the medicinal and edible resource Rosae Rugosae Flos as the search term， and the subsequent analysis revealed that the medicinal and edible resources in Xinjiang has a wide range of applications in food， medicine， and ecological protection. This paper further explored their research value， status， and prospects， so as to provide some references for the rational， effective， and sustainable development and utilization of these medicinal and edible resources in Xinjiang， thus better achieving "poverty alleviation" and "rural revitalization"， popularizing TCM culture， and building a healthy China.
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OBJECTIVE：To study the relationship of polymorphism of clopidogrel absorption and metabolism related genes CYP2C19（* 2，* 3，* 17），ABCB1 C3435T and PON1 Q192R in patients with coronary heart disease in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region ，and to explore the characteristics of population and combined diseases. METHODS ：A total of 1 126 patients with coronary heart disease who underwent clopidogrel absorption and metabolism related gene testing during hospitalization in the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University from January 2016 to June 2020 were included as the study subjects. The gender，age，body mass index （BMI），nationality and the proportion of combined with hypertension and diabetes were compared among different CYP2C19 metabolic phenotypes and ABCB1 C3435T and PON1 Q192R genotypes. RESULTS ：Among 1 126 patients，1 126 had CYP2C19 * 2，* 3 and * 17 genotypes，1 109 had ABCB1 C3435T genotype and 1 123 had PON1 Q192R genotype. The distribution of each genotype was in line with Hardy-Weinberg balance （P＞0.05）. There were 66（5.86％）， com 459（40.76％），476（42.27％） and 125（11.10％）patients with CYP2C19 ultra-rapid metabolizer （UM）， extensive metabolizer（EM），intermediate metabolizer （IM）and poor metabolizer（PM），respectively. The proportion of patients with UM metabolism phenotype with BMI ＞24 was significantly higher than those of patients with IM and PM metabolism phenotypes （P＜0.05）. The proportion of Han nationality patients with UM metabolic phenotype was significantly lower than those of patients with EM ，IM and PM metabolic phenotypes （P＜0.05）；the proportion of Uygur nationality was significantly higher than that of patients with EM ，IM and PM metabolic phenotypes （P＜ 0.05）. There were 355，538 and 216 patients with ABCB1 C3435T wild-type（CC），heterozygous（CT）and mutant homozygous （TT）genotypes，respectively；the proportion of Han nationality in TT genotype patients was significantly lower than that in CC and CT genotype patients （P＜0.05），and the proportion of Uygur nationality was significantly higher than that in CC and CT genotype patients （P＜0.05）；the proportion of TT genotype patients with diabetes was significantly higher than that of patients with CT genotype （P＜0.05）. There were 365，519 and 239 patients with PON1 Q192R wild-type（GG），heterozygous（GA）and mutant homozygous （AA），respectively；the proportion of Han nationality in AA genotype patients was significantly lower than that in GG and GA genotype patients （P＜0.05），and the proportion of Uygur nationality was significantly higher than that of GG and GA genotype patients （P＜0.05）；the proportion of Han nationality and BMI ≤24 in patients with AA genotype were significantly lower than those with GA genotype （P＜0.05），and the proportion of Uygur nationality ，BMI＞24 and hypertension were significantly higher than those in GA genotype patients （P＜0.05）. CONCLUSIONS ：There are significant nationality differences among patients with different CYP2C19 metabolic phenotypes and ABCB1 C3435T and PON1 Q192R genotypes. In addition，patients with BMI ＞24 account for high proportion among CYP2C19 UM metabolism genotype ；patients with diabetes account for high proportion among ABCB1 C3435T TT genotype ；patients with BMI ＞24 and hypertension account for high proportion among PON1 Q192R AA genotype.
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Objective:To investigate the comorbid depressive symptoms,anxiety symptoms and suicide risk in people with alcohol abuse.Methods:Totally 1992 community residents were recruited by probability proportionate to size sampling.They were assessed with the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT),Depression Sub-scale(PHQ-9 )and Anxiety Subscale (PHQ GAD-7 )of Patient Health Questionnaire,and Suicide Risk Screening Scale of Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI).Results:The AUDIT screening positive cases was 298 (15.1%).The rates of depression symptom (53.4% vs.42.3%),anxiety symptom (35.9% vs.27.0%)and suicide risk (5.7%vs.3.2%)in alcohol abuse group were all significantly higher than that in non-abuse group (Ps<0.0 1 ).Conclusion:It is important to conduct assessment of related psychological problems in screening of alco-hol abuse,in order to provide effective intervention timely.
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Objective: To comprehensively map the distribution patterns of native medicinal plants of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China; To find the environmental determinants and to give suggestions for the conservation planning of medicinal plants in Xinjiang region. Methods: Firstly, we compiled the distribution data of native medicinal plants at a county level in Xinjiang region, including the source plants of Chinese Materia Medica (CMM), Uygur Medicine (UM), and Kazak Medicine (KM); Secondly, we divided the distribution data into grid with a resolution of 0.1° × 0.1° and overlaid it on the topography and climate data in Arcgis 10.0; Finally, we analyzed the correlations of medicinal plant richness and environmental variables with ordinary least square (OLS) regressions and partial regressions. Results: UM has more non-native species in Xinjiang region than KM. The species richness of medicinal plants is high in Altay Mountains, western Tianshan Mountains, and part of Kunlun Mountains. The richness of medicinal plants is highly correlated with the vascular plant species richness and climate, and further, the independent effects of vascular plant species richness are higher than the independent effects of climate. The whole plant, root & rhizome, and seed & fruit are more frequently used than stem and leaf for CMM in Xinjiang region. Conclusions: The distribution patterns of medicinal plants are concordant with vascular plant species, which could be carefully considered in the conservation planning of this region. Taking full advantage of current nature reserves is a low-costing approach to the conservation of medicinal plants although they were not originally established for medicinal plant protection. Nevertheless, it is urgent to further study the distributions and protection status of medicinal plants in the nature reserves of Xinjiang region.
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Objective To analyze the demands and to evaluate training effect on the knowledge and technology of prevention and treatment about hypertension among doctors in county and countryside hospitals of Xinjiang.Methods 336 doctors were trained about knowledge of prevention and treatment of hypertension and technology of useful therapeutic regimen,and were investigated for demands of the knowledge and technology and self-evaluation of training effect by questionnaire.Results The knowledge of prevention and treatment about hypertension and the technology of useful therapeutic regimen were needed urgently by 94.8％ subjects.91.3％ trained doctors thought that the technology suited practically in county and countryside hospitals,and 96.7％ hospitals had condition of carrying out the technology.97.9％ trained doctors expected this kind of technology on hypertension prevention and treatment to be trained again.74.1％ trained doctors comprehended the technology,and the percent of doctor practically using the technology increased from pre-training 12.3％ to post training 62.1％.Conclusion The knowledge of prevention and treatment about hypertension and technology of useful therapeutic regimen were needed urgently and were comprehended with training for the most doctors in county and countryside hospitals of Xinjiang.
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ObjectiveTo understand condition about cost and economic burden of outpatients in countries and townships medical institutions in Xinjiang.MethodsThirty-one medical institution were selected and the cost and income of one-day outpatients were investigated,then the cost of different diseases,age groups and payment methods and the later disease cost burden were analyzed.ResultsOut-patient expenses of top ten common diseases was pneumonia100.12 yuan,injury 85.18 yuan,hypertension and coronary heart disease(CHD) 69.13 yuan,examination and diseases related to pregnancy 49.60 yuan,disease of the genitourinary system 41.71 yuan,enterogastrtis 34.80 yuan,bronchitis 30.72yuan,osteoarthrosis 24.60 yuan,upper respiratory infection ( URI ) 23.63 yuan,scytitis 21.14yuan;The outpatient expenses of those taking part in Neotype Countryside Cooperative Medical Care Insurance,whose family-month-income was less than 250 yuan,was 18.07 yuan,which disease cost burden was 25.56％.ConclusionThe expenses of infectious diseases in country and township hospitals was in the top ten.The cost of chronic non-communicable diseases was rising significantly;For those participating Neotype Countryside Cooperative Medical Care Insurance,the outpatient expenses was low and the disease economic burden was higher.