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Objective:To compare and analyze the pricing units and prices of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) medical services in 4 provinces of the Yangtze River Delta, for reference for the integrated development of TCM medical service project setting and price coordination in the Yangtze River Delta region.Methods:The medical service price project specifications published on the official websites of relevant departments in 4 provinces of the Yangtze River Delta (updated to March 2022) were obtained to extract data such as project names and pricing units. The pricing units and prices of TCM medical service projects in each province were compared and analyzed; The Jevons index method was used to analyze comparable project prices.Results:The numbers of TCM medical service projects in Shanghai, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, and Anhui were 113, 146, 117, and 198, respectively. The types of pricing units were 15, 24, 13, and 12, respectively. There were differences in the setting of pricing units, especially in acupuncture and moxibustion, which had more decomposition projects. The average price of overall medical services in the Yangtze River Delta was 9.81 times that of TCM medical services. There were differences in the prices of comparable TCM medical service projects among the four provinces. Based on Anhui province, the inter provincial Jevons index of other categories of TCM medical service projects except for TCM massage were all less than 1.00.Conclusions:There were significant differences in the pricing units and prices of TCM medical service projects in the four provinces of the Yangtze River Delta, with Anhui province having the most significant difference compared to the other three provinces; The overall price of TCM medical service projects was relatively low.
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Background In recent years, ozone (O3) has gradually become a key air pollutant affecting public health. Studies have been conducted to evaluate O3 pollution-associated disease burden for general population, but there is a lack of research on O3 pollution-associated disease burden of gestational complications. Objective To assess the disease burden of O3 pollution on pregnancy complications in the Yangtze River Delta region and the changes in the disease burden resulting from the improvement of O3 pollution levels. Methods Through Chinese databases such as China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and Wanfang, as well as English databases including PubMed and Web of Science, a systematic search was conducted to retrieve epidemiological studies investigating the association between O3 exposure and pregnancy complications from January 1, 2010 to February 28, 2023. Using predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria, retrieved studies were screened and assessed for heterogeneity using the Higgins I2 statistic. The exposure increment was standardized to 10 µg·m−3, and a meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the exposure-response relationship. Spatial analysis and environmental health risk assessment were then employed, using O3 monitoring data at national air monitoring stations, population data, and related disease burden parameters in the Yangtze River Delta region, to evaluate changes in the disease burden of pregnancy complications associated with improvements in O3 pollution levels. Results The meta-analysis revealed a significant association between maternal O3 exposure and increased risks of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP), particularly in early pregnancy, and the related odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were 1.028 (1.002, 1.055) and 1.031 (1.023, 1.040), respectively. The cities with higher attribution fractions (AF) of GDM and HDP related to O3 exposure in 2017 and 2020 in the Yangtze River Delta region were Xuzhou, Huaibei, Suzhou (Anhui Province), Changzhou, and Wuxi, with most cities showing a significant decrease in AF in 2020. Except for Hefei, the cases of GDM and HDP attributable to O3 exposure in the remaining cities of the Yangtze River Delta region decreased by 16.31% to 57.41% in 2020 compared to 2017. In addition, except for Hefei, Suqian, Anqing, and Wuxi, the direct medical costs attributed to O3 exposure in the remaining cities decreased by 1.12% to 45.36% in 2020 compared to 2017. Conclusion Exposure to O3 during pregnancy is associated with increased risks of GDM and HDP. There are differences in the disease burden of GDM and HDP related to O3 pollution among cities in the Yangtze River Delta region in 2017 and 2020. In 2020, compared to 2017, the disease burden in most cities is decreased.
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Health service is an important part of the integrated development of the Yangtze River Delta. Taking the cooperation practice between Shanghai Tenth People′s Hospital and Suzhou Yinshanhu Hospital as an example, this article introduced the multi-agent cooperation mode of the loose medical alliance including the government, urban hospitals and cross provincial grassroots medical institutions. Among them, the local government provided policy, fund guarantee and guidance, the urban hospital exported management ideas, medicine talents and technologies, and the primary hospital conducted dual training by inviting in and going out to achieve double growth. Through the high gap cooperation between tertiary hospital and primary hospital, Yinshanhu hospital had been comprehensively developed. The loose medical alliance with multi subject coordination and cross region could give full play to the advantages of the loose healthcare alliance mode, achieve multi-win, and have reference significance for promoting the regional integration of medical and health services in the Yangtze River Delta.
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@#After the integration of Yangtze River Delta was elevated and developed into a national strategy, few domestic studies have been conducted to explore the integrated and collaborative development of biopharmaceutical industry in the Yangtze River Delta region, which, as an important region of biopharmaceutical industry in China, has initially formed the development mode of industrial clusters. In this study, based on the industry-university-research model of patent and fund project cooperation, the social network analysis (SNA) method is used to analyze and study the cooperation of patent and Major Projects of National Natural Science Foundation of China in the biopharmaceutical industry in the Yangtze River Delta region. The study shows that the industry-university-research cooperation in the biomedical field in the Yangtze River Delta region is still in the development stage and the degree of integration needs to be improved. Universities and research institutes are more inclined to cooperate with enterprises for invention patents and with other universities for fund project research.It is suggested that the Yangtze River Delta region should adopt the deep integration mode of industry-university-research, relevant leading scientific research institutions should establish open innovation platforms, and pharmaceutical universities should cultivate innovative talents with the advantages of their disciplines, and adopt "Revealing the List and Taking Command" or other ways to tackle key core technologies.
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Objective@#To investigate the willingness to receive measles-containing vaccine (MCV) and its influencing factors among healthcare workers in the Yangtze River Delta region, so as to provide the evidence for improving the measles-containing vaccination rate@*Methods@#Healthcare workers were sampled from 19 medical institutions in each of Shanghai Municipality, Jiangsu Province, Zhejiang Province and Anhui Province for questionnaire surveys using a multi-stage stratified convenience sampling methods from July 2020 to March 2021. Participants' gender, age, educational level, professional title, measles-containing vaccination, awareness of MCV and willingness to receive MCV were collected, and the factors affecting the willingness to receive MCV were identified among healthcare workers using a multivariable logistic regression model. @*Results@#Totally 1 403 questionnaires were allocated, and 1 394 valid questionnaires were recovered, with an effective recovery rate of 99.36%. The respondents included 327 men and 1 067 women, with a male to female ratio of 1∶3.26, and 64.35% (897) were at ages of 31 to 50 years. There were 1 005 respondents with a bachelor degree (72.09%), 765 with middle and senior professional titles (54.88%), 676 with a history of measles-containing vaccination (48.49%), 1 176 with willingness to receive MCV (84.36%) and 218 without willingness to receive MCV due to convenience of vaccination (30.73%) and cost (19.27%). Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that region (Zhejiang, OR=1.613, 95%CI: 1.054-2.470; Anhui, OR=2.058, 95%CI: 1.259-3.363), and no history of measles (OR=2.219, 95%CI: 1.302-3.781) were factors improving the willingness to receive MCV among healthcare workers, and hospital level (secondary, OR=0.483, 95%CI: 0.306-0.763; tertiary, OR=0.251, 95%CI: 0.160-0.394), history of measles-containing vaccination (no, OR=0.262, 95%CI: 0.172-0.399; unknown, OR=0.386, 95%CI: 0.266-0.559), and unawareness of MCV knowledge (OR=0.208, 95%CI: 0.081-0.536) were factors inhibiting the willingness to receive MCV among healthcare workers.@*Conclusions@#The willingness to receive MCV correlates with region, history of measles, hospital level, history of measles-containing vaccination and awareness of MCV knowledge among healthcare workers in the Yangtze River Delta region.
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Objective To investigate the current distribution of ticks and predict the suitable habitats of ticks in the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration in 2017, so as to provide insights into tick control and management of tick-borne diseases in these areas. Methods All publications pertaining to tick and pathogen distribution in the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration were retrieved, and the geographical location of tick distribution was extracted. The effects of 19 climatic factors on the distribution of ticks were examined using the jackknife method, including the mean temperature of the wettest quarter, precipitation of the coldest quarter, mean temperature of the driest quarter, maximum temperature of the warmest month, precipitation of the driest month, minimal temperature of the coldest month, annual precipitation, mean daily temperature range, precipitation seasonality, annual temperature range, temperature seasonality, annual mean temperature, mean temperature of the warmest quarter, precipitation of the wettest quarter, isothermality, mean temperature of the coldest quarter, precipitation of the wettest month, precipitation of the driest quarter and precipitation of the warmest quarter. The distribution of ticks was analyzed in 2020 using the maximum entropy (MaxEnt) model, and the potential suitable habitats of ticks were predicted in 2070 using the MaxEnt model based on climatic data. Results A total of 380 Chinese and English literatures were retrieved, and 148 tick distribution sites were extracted, with 135 sites included in the subsequent analysis. There were 7 genera (Haemaphysalis, Rhipicephalus, Ixodes, Dermacentor, Boophilus, Hyalomma and Amblyomma) and 27 species of ticks detected in the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration. The climatic factors affecting the distribution of ticks in the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration mainly included the mean temperature of the wettest quarter and the precipitation of the coldest quarter, with 26.1% and 23.6% contributions to tick distributions. The high-, medium- and low-suitable habitats of ticks were 20 337.08, 40 017.38 km2 and 74 931.43 km2 in the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration in 2020, respectively. The climate changes led to south expansion of the suitable habitats of ticks in the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration in 2070, and the total areas of suitable habitats of ticks was predicted to increase by 18 100 km2. In addition, the high-, medium- and low-suitable habitats of ticks were predicted to increase to 24 317.84, 45 283.02 km2 and 83 766.38 km2 in the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration in 2070, respectively. Conclusions Multiple tick species are widespread in the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration, and the future climate changes may lead to expansion of tick distribution in these areas.
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As one of China’s most economically active， open and innovative regions， the Yangtze River Delta boasts strategic significance in the country’s modernization. Immunization program has always been an important area of national and public concern， especially since the implementation of Law of the People's Republic of China on Vaccine Administration on December 1， 2019， with higher requirements for immunization program. With the support of state， governments and health administration departments of Shanghai， Jiangsu， Zhejiang and Anhui， the integration of immunization program in the Yangtze River Delta is imperative. Centers for disease control and prevention in Shanghai， Jiangsu， Zhejiang and Anhui provinces are closely linked， actively and steadily promoting rapid development of the integration of immunization program in the Yangtze River Delta， with Shanghai playing a leading role and Jiangsu， Zhejiang and Anhui playing their own strengths respectively. It is expected to establish a scientific， standardized and warm immunization program service system， and build a nationally leading and globally outstanding model area in integrated development of regional immunization program.
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【Objective】 To investigate and analyze the clinical blood use and full-time professional technical personnel of Blood Transfusion Departments in tertiary hospitals in the Yangtze River Delta, in order to provide basis for health administration and medical institutions to make decisions on clinical blood transfusion management and standardize the construction of Blood Transfusion Departments. 【Methods】 According to the Clinical Blood Quality Control Index (2019 Edition), 435 tertiary hospitals in the Yangtze River Delta were selected for statistical analysis. 【Results】 Among the 435 tertiary hospitals, 316 (72.64%, 316/435) set up independent Blood Transfusion Departments, but 119 (27.36%, 119/435) did not. 295 (67.82%, 295/435) met the national standards for Blood Transfusion Department, and 263 (60.46%, 263/435) met the local standards. Only 5 of the top 10 tertiary hospitals with the most consumption of blood in the Yangtze River Delta met the national standards for the allocation of blood transfusion professional and technical personnel, and 17 hospitals met the local standards. Nine of the top 10 tertiary hospitals with the most beds met the national standards for blood transfusion professional and technical personnel, and 19 met the local standards. Among the full-time professional technicians in Blood Transfusion Department, medical technicians, physicians and nurses accounted for 91.03%, 6.46% and 2.52%; doctor, master, bachelor and below accounted for 1.74%, 12.4% and 85.86%; senior, intermediate, junior and below titles accounted for 18.82%, 38.61% and 42.58%, respectively. 【Conclusion】 Standardized construction of Blood Transfusion Department of tertiary hospitals in the Yangtze River Delta, including organization and talent team construction, needs to be strengthened to improve scientific and rational use of clinical blood.
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【Objective】 To continuously improve the management of blood donors and ensure blood safety in the Yangtze River Delta(Zhejiang province, Jiangsu province, Anhui province and Shanghai city). 【Methods】 The information sharing system for donation interval query in the Yangtze River Delta was established in July 2020 to provide data and technical support to block blood donors who should not redonate due to insufficient intervals. 【Results】 Blood stations in the Yangtze River Delta unified the information sharing standard, developed the query service and realized the information sharing of donation interval query. 【Conclusion】 The establishment of this system could reduce the risk of blood donation from eligible donos with insufficient donation interval, and further improve the management of blood donors and blood safety in the Yangtze River Delta.
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Objective:To sort out the medical service price management in provinces of the Yangtze River Delta, and identify problems in the process of promoting the integration of medical insurance in the said region.Methods:The service price reform policies and current medical service price items specifications as of December 2020 were collected from the official websites of the reform and developmet committees, health comissions and health insurane bureaus of these provinces. Descriptive analysis using R 4.0.2 software were conducted.Results:Given the reform of medical service prices advanced in these provinces successively, the current medical service price items were not yet unified. In terms of the numbers, Jiangsu topped the rest by 4 457 basic items, while Zhejiang ranked the lowest at 3 914. In terms of decomposed items, Zhejiang topped the rest by 1 988, 17.6 times that of Anhui province. In terms of pricing level, the average price of medical services in Shanghai topped the rest by 1 041.6 yuan, while Jiangsu province was the lowest at 768.6 yuan. The price of some items varied by more than 20 times among these provinces.Conclusions:The provinces in the Yangtze River Delta had significant gaps in medical service price items setup and price levels. It is necessary to promote the regional coordinated specifications of medical service price items, further optimize the price levels, improve the methodological system of medical service price comparison, and promote the integration of medical insurance in the Yangtze River Delta.
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OBJECTIVES@#To identify the common sarcosaprophagous flies in the Yangtze River Delta based on mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit Ⅰ(COⅠ) gene sequence and verify the reliability of this method.@*METHODS@#Seven common genetically stable sarcosaprophagous flies in three families and six genera were collected from large domestic pig carcasses placed in the field and cultured in the laboratory for many generations. The whole genome DNA was extracted and the COⅠ gene fragment was amplified. The forward and reverse sequencing was followed by splicing. The base composition of the amplified fragment and the rate of interspecific evolutionary divergence were analyzed by software such as Mega 7.0.26. The phylogenetic tree of COⅠ gene sequence of common necrophagous flies in the Yangtze River Delta was established by neighbor joining (NJ) method and unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic means (UPGMA) method.@*RESULTS@#The average base composition of different flies was A(30.14%), T(38.23%), C(15.98%), G(15.65%). The rate of interspecific evolutionary divergence ranged from 2.2% to 15.3%, the lowest rate was between Chrysomya megacephala and Chrysomya pinguis, the highest rate was between Muscina stabulans and Boettcherisca peregrina.@*CONCLUSIONS@#COⅠ gene can be used to identify the common necrophagous flies in the Yangtze River Delta.
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Animals , Cadaver , Diptera/genetics , Phylogeny , Reproducibility of Results , RiversABSTRACT
From the aspects of advantages, barriers, opportunities and challenges, this paper analyzed the environmental factors of Shanghai medical resources serving people in the Pan-Yangtze River Delta. As envisaged by the author, such services will provide medical resources information to patients from outside Shanghai, probe into feasible ways to medical insurance based on experiences drawn from serving such patients, help with the resources integration of medical systems in Shanghai, and probe into the potentials of telemedicine and distant medical e-learning, as well as improve hospital management levels and service functionality.