ABSTRACT
@#【Objective】 To study the effects of soil environment on the growth, yield, and quality of Sharen (Amomi Fructus) under different planting patterns. 【Methods】 Soil physical and chemical indices and enzyme activities in four periods including early flowering (March), full flowering (June), fruit ripening (September), and late fruit picking (December), were measured under three planting patterns including natural forest, greenhouse, and rubber forest in Xishuangbanna, China. The changes in soil indices during the growth periods of Sharen (Amomi Fructus) under different planting patterns were analyzed, and the differences in plant growth, yield, and quality under different planting patterns were explored. Pearson correlation analysis was used to analyze the relationship between soil indices and Sharen (Amomi Fructus) growth, yield, and quality. Principal component analysis was used to investigate the effects of soil environment under different planting patterns on Sharen (Amomi Fructus) growth, yield, and quality. 【Results】 The soil moisture, available potassium content, and urease activity of the three planting patterns of Sharen (Amomi Fructus) increased initially and decreased afterwards throughout the year; pH and organic matter content showed little change in the whole year. Exchangeable manganese content and acid phosphatase activity gradually increased throughout the year. Hydrolyzed nitrogen content, exchangeable calcium content, available zinc content, protease activity, and sucrase activity decreased initially and increased afterwards throughout the year. Exchangeable magnesium content, available iron content, and catalase activity decreased annually. Total nitrogen content, total phosphorus content, and available phosphorus content fluctuated throughout the year. The total potassium content under natural forest and greenhouse planting decreased throughout the year, while the total potassium content under rubber forest showed an upward trend all year round. The organic matter content, total nitrogen content, total potassium content, available potassium content, available zinc content, urease activity, acid phosphatase activity, and catalase activity under greenhouse were significantly lower than those under natural and rubber forests (P < 0.05). Correlation analysis showed that plant growth, yield, and quality of Sharen (Amomi Fructus) were significantly correlated with soil organic matter, total nitrogen, hydrolyzed nitrogen, total phosphorus, available phosphorus, total potassium, available potassium, exchangeable manganese, exchangeable magnesium, exchangeable calcium, available zinc, urease, acid phosphatase, and invertase (P < 0.05). The results of the principal component analysis indicated that the soil environment of Sharen (Amomi Fructus) under natural forest was the best, followed by rubber forest and greenhouse. The order of its advantages and disadvantages is consistent with the growth index of Sharen (Amomi Fructus), but contrary to the yield of Sharen (Amomi Fructus), indicating that the soil environment directly affects the growth index and nutritional components of plants. 【Conclusion】 Different planting patterns of Sharen (Amomi Fructus) have different soil nutrient content, and the change rules in the growths period are not similar, with some differences. Soil indices have impacts on plant growth, yield, and quality of Sharen (Amomi Fructus). Soil ecological environment is positively correlated with the growth characteristics of Sharen (Amomi Fructus) plants, but has no direct correlation with yield and quality.
ABSTRACT
O presente trabalho foi desenvolvido na Estação de Viticultura e Enologia da EPAMIG em Caldas-MG, e objetivou avaliar a influência do sistema de condução na produção e na qualidade dos frutos das videiras 'Folha de Figo' e 'Niagara Rosada' durante as safras 2003, 2004 e 2005. Como cultivares copa utilizou-se 'Niagara Rosada' e 'Folha de Figo', enxertadas no porta-enxerto '420-A'. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, em fatorial 4x2. Os sistemas de condução adotados foram cordão simples, pérgula, espaldeira e lira. Avaliaram-se as variáveis: massa e número médio de ramos; crescimento dos ramos; número de cachos; produção/planta; produtividade estimada/ha; análise química dos frutos; teor de sólidos solúveis totais (ºBrix); acidez total titulável (meq.L-1) e pH. Verificou-se que os sistemas espaldeira, lira e pérgula promoveram as maiores médias de massa e número de ramos em ambas variedades. Os sistemas de condução pérgula e cordão simples propiciaram uma certa precocidade em ambas cultivares. O porte descendente promovido pelo cordão simples induziu um menor crescimento de ramos. Os sistemas de condução foram semelhantes para a variável produção/planta para a cultivar 'Niagara Rosada' enquanto que para 'Folha de Figo' a lira foi superior. Os sistemas de condução lira e espaldeira apresentaram videiras com maiores produtividades para as cultivares estudadas. E as videiras conduzidas nos sistemas cordão simples e pérgula produzem frutos com melhor qualidade para ambas cultivares.
The present work was developed in the Station of Viticulture and Enology of Caldas EPAMIG, Caldas, MG, and it aimed to evaluate the influence of the conduction system in the production and in the quality of the fruits of the vines 'Folha de Figo' and 'Niagara Rosada' during the crops 2003, 2004 and 2005. As you cultivate cup it was used Rosy Niagara and Leaf of Fig, grafted in the door-graft ' 420-TO '. The experimental design was fully randomized, disposed in factorial scheme 4x2. The conduction systems adopted were: simple string, pergola, espaldeira and lira. The following variables were evaluated: mass and medium number of branches; shoot growth; shoot number; plant production; estimated yield; of total soluble solids levels (ºBrix), total titrable acidity (meq.L-1), and pH. It was verified that the systems espaldeira, lira and pergola promoted the highest mass averages and shoot number in both varieties. The conduction system Pergola and simple string triggered certain precocity in both varieties. The descending load promoted by the simple string induced a lower shoot growth. The conduction systems were similar for the variable production/plant for the cultivars 'Niagara Rosada,'while for 'Folha de Figo'the lira was higher. In the general, the systems of conduction lira and espaldeira showed vines with higher productivities for the analyzed cultivars. And the vines from the simple string and pergola systems produced fruits with better quality for both cultivars.