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1.
Rev. biol. trop ; 61(1): 173-180, Mar. 2013. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-674070

ABSTRACT

Acoupa weakfish, Cynoscion acoupa, in Lake Maracaibo is subject to intense commercial fishing by an artisanal fleet, and a recent decrease in fish size observed from landings is of concern. This fishery has not yet been modeled, and its assessment and the establishment of management practices to overcome the current overfished condition are urgently needed. To address this, we used recent and past empirical growth estimates to model relative yield-per-recruit under different lengths at first capture. Our results from relative yield-perrecruit analysis showed evidence that growth and recruitment overfishing occur under current fishing practices in Lake Maracaibo. Particular attention was given to fishing practices in El Tablazo Bay where young, small fish predominate in the commercial catches (mean total length=33.7cm), well below the length at first sexual maturity (~40cm TL) for both sexes. As management strategies, we propose to set a mesh size limit at or above 8.89cm (3.5in), which will reduce fishing mortality of immature fish, increase yield-per-recruit, and will result in an increase of Acoupa weakfish recruitment for the long term in Lake Maracaibo.


La curvina, Cynoscion acoupa, en el Lago de Maracaibo se encuentra sometida a una intensa actividad pesquera comercial. No obstante, antes de este estudio no se había examinado el potencial efecto de la sobrepesca a través del modelado. Utilizamos estimados empíricos de crecimiento actuales y pasados para modelar el rendimiento-por-recluta relativo bajo diferentes longitudes de primera captura. Presentamos evidencia a partir de resultados de rendimiento-por-recluta relativo que indica que existe sobrepesca por crecimiento y reclutamiento bajo las prácticas pesqueras actuales en el Lago de Maracaibo. Se puso particular atención a las pesquerías en la Bahía El Tablazo donde predominan peces jóvenes pequeños en las capturas (longitud total promedio=33.7cm), muy por debajo de la longitud de primera madurez sexual (~40cm LT) para ambos sexos. Proponemos establecer un tamaño de malla igual o superior a 8.89cm (3.5in), el cual reduciría la mortalidad por pesca de peces inmaduros, aumentaría el rendimiento-por-recluta y a largo plazo aumentaría el reclutamiento de la curvina en el Lago de Maracaibo.


Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Male , Fisheries , Perciformes/growth & development , Conservation of Natural Resources , Lakes , Models, Biological , Population Dynamics , Perciformes/anatomy & histology , Time Factors , Venezuela
2.
Rev. biol. trop ; 59(1): 71-83, mar. 2011. graf, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-638046

ABSTRACT

Hoplias malabaricus is a viable economic alternative for artisanal fishermen who used to live on the banks of rivers that now are dammed in Brazil. In order to preserve the species’ natural stock, the main objectives of this study were to obtain bio-ecological information on this species reproduction, feeding dynamics and the description of the extent of its exploitation in river-reservoir transition area in Brazil. This way, from January to December 2005, different fishery catches were made with gill nets by artisanal fishermen, and a total of 426 individual H. malabaricus were obtained and sampled. From each specimen, the following biometric and biological data were analyzed: standard length, total weight, stomach contents, reproductive data such as sex, weight and gonadal maturation stage; with these data we estimated sex ratio, reproduction period and feeding habits. To assess growth parameters and infer on the degree of exploitation, the standard length frequency data were analysed using the FISAT (ELEFAN I) computer program. Data revealed a sex ratio of 0.8:1 (M:F), that reproduction occurs all year around, being more intense during spring and summer; it also showed that H. malabaricus is piscivorous. The growth parameters and mortality were estimated at: L∞=35.18cm, k=0.32 year, longevity=9.3 years, Z=1.25 years, M=0.63 year and F=0.62 year. The weight-length relationship was: ln Wt=-3.1663+2.7456 ln Lp. The yield-per-recruit analysis produced the following values: E=0.496, Emax=0.916, E0.1=0.701 and E0.5=0.378. Overall, our data suggest that the stock of H. malabaricus is not yet overfished in the studied area. Rev. Biol. Trop. 59 (1): 71-83. Epub 2011 March 01.


Hoplias malabaricus representa una alternativa económica viable para los pescadores artesanales que viven a la orilla de ríos que actualmente cuentan con represas en Brasil. El objeto del presente estudio fue evaluar la dinámica de la reproducción, alimentación, crecimiento y nivel de explotación de la especie nativa Hoplias malabaricus, capturada por pescadores artesanales en la zona de transición entre el río Paranapanema y el Embalse de Jurumirim. En 2005, los especimenes de H. malabaricus se obtuvieron utilizando redes agalleras de forma mensual y se registraron las siguientes características y datos biológicos de cada uno: longitud estándar, peso corporal, sexo, estadio reproductivo, peso de las gónadas y contenido estomacal. Estos datos fueron utilizados para estimar la proporción sexual, el período reproductivo y los hábitos alimenticios. Para evaluar los parámetros de crecimiento y el grado de explotación, los datos de frecuencia de la longitud estándar fueron analizados utilizando el software FISAT a través de la rutina ELEFAN I. Según los resultados obtenidos, la proporción sexual fue de 0.8:1 (macho:hembra); la reproducción fue observada durante todo el año, pero sobre todo en la primavera y el verano. El hábito alimentario fue piscívoro. Los parámetros de crecimiento y mortalidad fueron estimados en: L∞=35.18cm, k=0.32/año; longevidad= 9.3, Z=1.25/año, M=0.63/año y F=0.62/año. La relación longitud-peso fue: Wt=-3.1663+2.7456lnLp. El análisis de rendimiento por recluta estimó los siguientes valores: E=0.496, Emax=0.916, E0.1=0.701 y E0.5=0.378. Puede concluirse que la población de H. malabaricus en la región estudiada todavía no está siendo altamente explotada.


Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Male , Fishes , Feeding Behavior/physiology , Reproduction/physiology , Brazil , Fisheries , Fishes/anatomy & histology , Fishes/classification , Fishes/physiology , Gastrointestinal Contents , Longevity , Population Density , Population Dynamics , Rivers , Seasons
3.
Braz. j. biol ; 67(3): 561-567, Aug. 2007. graf, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-470174

ABSTRACT

Among the several fish species comercially exploited at the Pantanal of Mato Grosso do Sul, the "pacu" (Piaractus mesopotamicus) stands as one of the most important. Information regarding its exploitation level is necessary for the proper management of its stocks. Between 1996 and 1997 data on total length of the pacu were collected on a monthly basis from specimens caught by professional and sport fishers in the municipality of Corumbá. These data were used to estimate growth parameters and to assess the exploitation level for this species, applying the Beverton and Holt yield per recruit model. Length frequency analysis, carried out with the software FISAT (ELEFAN), was used to estimate growth parameters: 1996: L¥ = 87.20 cm; K = 0.34 year-1; phi´=3.41; C = 0.74; WP = 0.81; Longevity = 8.40 years; and 1997: L¥ = 86.50 cm; K = 0.34 year-1; phi´=3.40; C = 0.60; WP = 0.80; Longevity = 8.40 years. The value for t0is -0.363 years for mean values of L¥ and k. The weight-length relationship, calculated from data derived from experimental fisheries carried out in 1999 and 2000, is described by the equation: W = 0.048LF2.835. Estimated mortalities and survival rates were: 1996: Z = 1.51 year-1; M = 0.62 year-1; F = 0.89 year-1; S = 21.9 percent; and 1997: Z = 1.65 year-1; M = 0.63 year-1; F = 1.02 year-1; S = 19.1 percent. The yield per recruit analysis showed the following values: F Present= 0.96 year-1; Fmax = 0.67 year-1 ; F0.1 = 0.51 year-1 (for Lc = 26.7 cm). These results suggest that the pacu is overexploited in the area, so that restrictive measures are in need to manage the pacu fisheries.


O pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus) é uma das espécies mais capturadas no Pantanal de Mato Grosso do Sul, e para manejá-lo adequadamente são necessárias informações a respeito do seu nível de explotação. Nos anos de 1996 e 1997 foram coletadas amostras mensais de comprimentos de pacu capturados por pescadores profissionais e esportivos desembarcados em Corumbá, Pantanal de Mato Grosso do Sul (MS), com o objetivo de estimar os parâmetros de crescimento e o seu nível de explotação. Para a determinação do nível de explotação foi utilizado o modelo de rendimento por recruta de Beverton e Holt. Através da análise de freqüência de comprimento, pelo pacote FISAT (ELEFAN), foram estimados os parâmetros de crescimento, com os seguintes valores: 1996: L¥ = 87,20 cm; K = 0,34 ano-1; fi´= 3,41; C = 0,74; WP = 0,81; Longevidade = 8,40 anos; e 1997: L¥ = 86,50 cm; K = 0,34 ano-1; fi´= 3,40; C = 0,60; WP = 0,80; Longevidade = 8,40 anos. O valor de t0 é -0,363 para os valores médios de L¥ e k. A relação peso-comprimento foi determinada através de dados de pescarias experimentais em 1999 e 2000, e foi a seguinte: W = 0,048 LF2.835. As taxas de mortalidade estimadas e a taxa de sobrevivência foram: 1996: Z = 1,51 ano-1; M = 0,62 ano-1; F = 0,89 ano-1; S = 21,9 por cento; e 1997: Z = 1,65 ano-1; M = 0,63 ano-1; F = 1,02 ano-1; S = 19,1 por cento. A análise de rendimento por recruta apresentou os seguintes resultados: Fatual = 0,96 ano-1; Fmáx= 0,67 ano-1 ; F0,1 = 0,51 ano-1 (quando Lc = 26,7 cm). Este resultado indica que o pacu está sobreexplotado, e assim há necessidade de se estabelecer medidas restritivas para sua pescaria.


Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , Body Size , Conservation of Natural Resources , Fishes/anatomy & histology , Brazil , Fisheries , Fresh Water , Fishes/growth & development , Models, Biological
4.
Braz. j. biol ; 62(1)Feb. 2002.
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1467597

ABSTRACT

Fork length measurements of individuals of Brycon microlepis landed and commercialized at the Porto Market in Cuiabá, MT, from May-October 1996 to May-October 1997 were used to estimate growth and mortality parameters for this species. The average estimated populational parameters were: L FONT FACE=Symbol>¥ /FONT> = 705 mm, k = 0.275 year--1, C = 0.775, WP = 0.465, Lc = 164 mm, M = 0.585 year--1, Z = 0.822 year--1, with F = 0.237 year--1. Yield per recruit analysis suggests that the stock is not yet overexploited.


Medidas de comprimento furcal obtidas de exemplares de Brycon microlepis desembarcados e comercializados no Mercado do Porto em Cuiabá, MT, no período de maio a outubro de 1996 e de maio a outubro de 1997, foram utilizadas para a obtenção de estimativas dos parâmetros de crescimento e mortalidade da espécie. Os parâmetros populacionais médios estimados foram: L FONT FACE=Symbol>¥ /FONT> = 705 mm; k = 0,275 ano--1; C = 0,775; WP = 0,465; Lc = 164 mm; M = 0,585 ano--1; Z = 0,822 ano--1, sendo F = 0,237 ano--1. A análise do rendimento por recruta e a taxa de explotação indicam que o rendimento máximo sustentável não foi alcançado. Portanto, o estoque ainda não está sobreexplotado.

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