Effect of Intestinal Microecology on Diabetic Kidney Disease Based on Yin-Yang Theory / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Diabetic kidney disease （DKD） is the main cause of end-stage renal disease. Its high prevalence， mortality rate， and medical cost bring a heavy economic burden to society and families， and DKD has become one of the most important public health problems. Intestinal microecology is the most important and complex micro-ecosystem in the human body， which is involved in important life activities such as material and energy metabolism， immune system regulation， and signal transduction， thereby maintaining the dynamic balance of the human internal environment. The dynamic balance between the intestinal microecology and the body is essentially a Yin-Yang balance. Once this balance is broken， intestinal microbiota imbalance， intestinal mucosal barrier damage， immune dysfunction， and reduction of metabolite short-chain fatty acids （SCFAs） will occur， which play an important role in the progression of DKD. From the perspective of the Yin-Yang theory of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）， the imbalance of intestinal microecology in DKD is equivalent to the excessive or insufficient constraint of Yin and Yang， or Yin deficiency affecting Yang， or Yang deficiency affecting Yin， or waning and waxing of Yin and Yang. For different pathogenesis changes， "Yin disease treated through Yang"， "treating Yin for Yang"， or "treating Yang for Yin" methods are adopted to regulate intestinal microbiota， inhibit immune inflammation， protect intestinal mucosal barrier， and increase SCFAs through TCM， thereby reconciling Yin and Yang to achieve the condition where "Yin is at peace and Yang is compact". Based on the Yin-Yang theory， this paper intended to interpret the scientific connotation of TCM in the treatment of DKD with intestinal microecology as the target and TCM in the treatment of DKD by regulating intestinal microecology as the breakthrough point to provide a novel insight for the occurrence and development of DKD and the mechanism of TCM.

Study on the Relationship between Five-state Personality and Cattell's 16 Personality Factors Based on Structural Equation Model / 中医杂志

ObjectiveTo explore the relationship between five-state personality and Cattell's 16 personality factors. MethodsA total of 913 students recruited from Beijing University of Chinese Medicine from November 2020 to January 2021 were assessed by using the Five-state Personality Test Form and the 16 Personality Factors Questionnaire （16PF）. The five-state personality scores were compared with national norms and gender differences were examined. Additionally， a structural equation model was established and the model fit was assessed using comparative fit index （CFI）， Tucker-Lewis index （TLI）， and root mean square error of approximation （RMSEA）. The five-state personality （Taiyang， Shaoyang， Yin-yang balance， Shaoyin and Taiyin） was used as individual outcome variables while the 16PF factors was employed as predictor variables. Based on standardized parameter estimation results， we explored the relationships between the five-state personality and 16PF. ResultsA total of 913 students were recruited， and 756 valid samples were obtained after excluding unqualified questionnaires. Among these， the scores of Taiyang， Shaoyang and Taiyin in the 756 school students were significantly lower than the national norms， while the scores of Yin-yang balance was significantly higher （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. The scores of Taiyang， Shaoyang， Yin-yang balance and Shaoyin were significantly higher than in males compared to females （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. Regarding the relationship between the dimensions of five-state personality and 16PF， the model demonstrated a good fit with CFI and TLI values of 0.993 and 0.980， respectively， and an RMSEA value of 0.027. The 16PF factors， including dominance， social boldness， vigilance， rule-consciousness， tension， and emotional stability， positively predicted the Taiyang personality traits， while privateness and apprehension negatively predicted the Taiyang personality traits （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. For Shaoyang personality traits， factors such as liveliness， social boldness， dominance， and tension positively predicted them， while rule-consciousness， apprehension， and privateness negatively predicted Shaoyang perso-nality traits （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. In the case of Yin-yang balance personality traits， perfectionism， rule-consciousness， emotional stability， and self-reliance positively predicted them， while apprehension negatively predicted Yin-yang balance personality traits （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. Regarding Shaoyin personality traits， perfectionism， emotional stability， self-reliance， rule-consciousness， and vigilance positively predicted them， while dominance， social boldness， and liveliness negatively predicted Shaoyin personality traits （P＜0.01）. Apprehension， tension， vigilance， and self-reliance positively predicted Taiyin personality traits， while social boldness， rule-consciousness， and intelligence negatively predicted Taiyin personality traits （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. ConclusionThere is a significant correlation between five-state personality test and 16PF with 16PF factors capable of predicting five-state personality factors. The five-state personality demonstrates scientific validity and effectiveness.

Prognosis and Treatment of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Based on Yin-Yang Toxin Theory / 中医杂志

This paper explored the relationship between systemic lupus erythematosus （SLE） and yin-yang toxins based on the discussion of yin-yang toxin in Synopsis of the Golden Chamber （《金匮要略》）， and found that the two are similar in symptoms， and there is a potential relationship between adverse prognosis factors； and the idea that early treatment of SLE can improve prognosis is in accordance with the opinion in traditional Chinese medicine claiming that yin-yang toxin should be diagnosed and treated as soon as possible. Therefore， it is proposed to take yin-yang as general and toxin pathogen as key to explain the pathogenesis， use yin-yang toxin theory for guidance， discuss on the treatment of SLE around the pathological elements including “toxin， heat， stasis”， and take into account of the kidney essence. Accordingly， Shengma Biejia Decoction （升麻鳖甲汤） is recommended as the basic formula with modifications in accordance with different syndromes in staged treatment， providing reference for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of SLE.

The Empirical Research Path of Yin-Yang Thinking in Traditional Chinese Medicine / 中医杂志

The yin-yang theory is a thinking model used by ancient people to recognize the world， which is highly compatible with multimodal metaphors. By summarizing the current researches on traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） yin-yang theory and thinking， it is found that there are more clinical researches but few empirical studies， and more conceptual studies but few empirical researches. In view of this， we proposed to conduct researches on TCM yin-yang thinking with the methods such as behavioral experiments， event-related potentials， and functional magnetic resonance imaging techniques， based on the multimodal metaphor theory from the perspective of cognitive science. According to the characteristics of yin-yang， the process of TCM yin-yang thinking is divided into two stages which are yin-yang classification and yin-yang reasoning， and the main directions of empirical research on yin-yang thinking in TCM are outlined by combining with the paradigm of cognitive science， that is， the researches are carried out from the cognitive characteristics of TCM yin-yang thinking， as well as the differences in cognitive mechanisms between TCM yin-yang thinking and western logical thinking.

Aromatherapy combined with Yin-Yang massage for treatment of insomnia / 中国基层医药

Objective:To investigate the therapeutic effects of aromatherapy combined with Yin-Yang massage on insomnia in patients. Methods:A total of 120 patients with insomnia who received treatment in Zhoushan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine between September 2017 and December 2019 were included in this study. They were randomly assigned to undergo either aromatherapy (control group, n = 60) or aromatherapy combined with Yin-Yang massage (observation group, n = 60) for 7 days. After treatment, response rate and anxiety status were recorded in each group. Before and after treatment, the scores of Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, frequency of taking sleeping pills, and the incidence of adverse reactions were compared between the two groups. Results:Response rate in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group [90.00% vs. 73.34%, χ2 = 5.57, P < 0.05]. After treatment, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group [(9.47 ± 3.65) points vs. (12.45 ± 2.17) points, t = 5.44, P < 0.05]. The frequency of taking sleeping pills in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group [(1.19 ± 0.41) times vs. (2.07 ± 0.98) times, t = 6.42, P < 0.05]. There were 0, 3 and 57 cases of severe, moderate and mild anxiety in the observation group, and 5, 18 and 37 cases of severe, moderate and mild anxiety in the control group. There was significant difference in anxiety status between the two groups ( Z = 19.78, P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups ( P > 0.05). Conclusion:Aromatherapy combined with Yin-Yang massage can effectively alleviate anxiety in patients with insomnia, improve sleep quality and is highly safe.

Probe the syndrome differentiation system of six meridians of circular motion / 国际中医中药杂志

The internal organs and meridians were associated with Yin and Yang, five elements, six qi, and time and space, based on the holistic view of heaven, earth and human, according to Huangdi Neijing. The syndrome differentiation system of six meridians and Zang Fu meridians were established by Shanghan Zabing Lun, on the basis of the three Yin, three Yang, six meridians, and five Zang system in Huangdi Neijing. We put forward the concept of the six meridians syndrome differentiation system of circular motion, considering that the six meridians syndrome differentiation system actually implies the theory of circular motion. The syndrome differentiation system was constructed with the circular model of one qi circulating around the road, rising left and falling right, corresponding up and down, and maintaining conservation in the middle as the core, integrating Yin and Yang, five elements, six qi, Zang Fu and meridians, qi, blood and body fluid, and the integration of heaven, earth and human, focusing on "disease location and disease nature", taking classical prescriptions as the main treatments, and cooperating with external treatments such as acupuncture and moxibustion. We organically combined the circular motion with the syndrome differentiation of the six meridians, systematically interpreted the physiological bases, pathological changes, progressive patterns, and the treatments, based on syndrome differentiation, by inheriting the classical thinking mode of Hetu, Luoshu,Zhouyi, Huangdi Neijing, ShennongHerbal Classic, and Shanghan Zabing Lun.

A new interpretation of TCM pulse diagnosis based on quantum physical model of the human body / 数字中医药（英文）

@#Following the quantum theory-based physical model of the human body, a new interpretation of the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) principle of “Cunkou reads viscera” is presented. Then, a Gaussian pulse wave model as a solution to the Schrodinger equation is shown to accurately describe 19 different pulse shapes, and to quantitatively capture the degree of Yin-Yang attributes of 13 pulse shapes. Furthermore, the model suggests using pulse depth and strength as leading-order quantity and pulse shape as first-order quantity, to characterize the hierarchical resonance between the human body and the environment. The future pulse informatics will focus on determining an individual’s unique quantum human equilibrium state, and diagnose its health state according to the pulse deviation from its equilibrium state, to truly achieve the high level of TCM: “knowing the normal state and reaching the change”.

Traditional Chinese Medicine Intervention of Ferroptosis Based on Yin-yang Theory： A Review / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Ferroptosis， a new type of iron-dependent programmed cell death， is related to multiple pathways such as glutathione/glutathione peroxidase 4， iron metabolism， lipid metabolism， and iron autophagy， and plays an important part in the occurrence and development of many diseases， such as tumor， cerebral ischemia， and Parkinson's disease. Ferroptosis is a double-edged sword as it can eliminate pathological cells （such as tumor cells） but long-term ferroptosis may cause or aggravate other disorders related to abnormal lipid metabolism and iron metabolism. Regulating the balance between cell proliferation and ferroptosis may be an important target for drug intervention in diseases. The Yin-yang theory is one of the foundational principles of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）， which is used to explain the physiological functions and pathological changes of human body and to guide the diagnosis and prevention of disease and health care. The balance of cell proliferation and programmed death is essentially the balance of Yin and Yang at the cellular level， which is governed and regulated by the law of balance. TCM intervenes in ferroptosis by promoting ferroptosis of tumor cells （damaging the excess） and inhibiting ferroptosis of other diseases （compensating the deficiency）， which is similar to the treatment principle of adjusting Yin and Yang. On this basis， this article aims to use the Yin-yang theory to clarify the relationship between TCM promoting ferroptosis and inhibiting ferroptosis， which is expected to lay a basis for the modern application of Yin-yang theory and provide new targets for TCM treatment.

Discussion on Role of Macrophage Polarization in Inflammation of Heart Failure Based on Yin-yang Theory / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Inflammation is the key pathogenic feature of heart failure （HF）， and its overexpression can cause myocardial hypertrophy， apoptosis and fibrosis， aggravating the process of HF. Macrophages are important immune cells in human body with high heterogeneity， which involve in inflammation response and maintain heart homeostasis. Macrophage polarization is a dynamic process. Under the stimulation of different microenvironment， it can polarize two subsets， including classically activated M1 type and alternatively activated M2 type， which are antagonistic to each other. When macrophages polarize into the pro-inflammatory phenotype （M1）， the inflammatory response is initiated， the anti-inflammatory phenotype （M2） plays a role in inhibiting inflammation and repairing tissue. At the same time， in different stages of development of HF， M1 and M2 macrophages can be transformed into each other， which is similar to the connotation of Yin-yang restriction， balance and transformation of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） theory. Based on this， this paper intends to clarify the relationship between M1 and M2 macrophages by Yin-yang theory， proposing that the clinical prevention and treatment of HF should pay attention to regulating micro and macro inflammatory responses， regulating macrophage polarization， and achieving the balance between anti-inflammatory and pro-inflammation， which is consistent with the balance of Yin-yang in TCM theory. It can provide a new target and direction for TCM treatment of HF.

UHPLC-MS/MS analysis of cAMP and cGMP in rat plasma as potential biomarkers of Yin-Yang disharmony in traditional Chinese medicine / 药物分析学报

Cyclic 3',5'-adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and cyclic 3',5'-guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) are considered as potential biomarkers for Yin-Yang disharmony in traditional Chinese medicine.However,phosphodiesterase-mediated ex vivo degradation of these molecules in biological samples may result in their underestimation.In the present study,a ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) method was developed for determination of cAMP and cGMP in rat plasma,with special consideration of their stability ex vivo.Following precipitation of proteins from plasma samples with 0.4 M perchloric acid,the analytes were chromatographed on a Shimadzu Shim-pack-XR-ODS Ⅱ column with 2.5 mM ammonium acetate and methanol in gradient mode.The MS/MS detection was performed using multiple reaction monitoring in the positive electrospray ionization mode.The lower limit of quantification was 0.27 ng/mL for cAMP and 0.37 ng/mL for cGMP.The method was used to determine the plasma cAMP and cGMP levels in normal and Yin deficiency diabetic rats treated with or without Rehmannia glutinosa.The developed method may be useful for evaluating the regulatory effects of Chinese herbal medicine on the levels of cAMP and cGMP in the body.

Cognition of Ovarian Cancer Microenvironment in Traditional Chinese Medicine from Perspective of "Yin-Yang Balance" / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Ovarian cancer， one of gynecological malignancies， is often diagnosed at the late stage because of the atypical early symptoms and has become a major killer of women. Research has found that the co-evolution of tumor cells and their surrounding microenvironment is an important cause for the occurrence and development of ovarian cancer. It is believed in traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） that Yin and Yang are the roots of everything， and their balance， namely Yin being at peace and Yang being compact （“Yin Ping Yang Mi”） is a sign of good health. The mutual opposition， restriction， and rooting of Yin and Yang as well as their waning and waxing and transformation are the keys to maintaining the balance. In TCM， ovarian cancer falls into the category of abdominal mass， which results from the struggle between healthy Qi and evil Qi. When the healthy Qi is deficient and the evil Qi is excessive， the balance between Yin and Yang will be destroyed， triggering the body and ovarian cancer microenvironment as well as the relevant factors in the inflammatory microenvironment to be mutually opposed， restricted， and transformed， highly consistent with the dynamic development of Yin and Yang. At present， the studies concerning TCM intervention in the inflammatory microenvironment of ovarian cancer mostly focus on the signaling pathways to reveal the advantages of TCM multiple components against cancer cells via multiple targets， but they fail to explain the TCM efficacy from the perspective of Yin-Yang balance. Therefore， guided by the concept of Yin-Yang balance， this paper macroscopically and microscopically explored the effects of the changed factors in inflammatory microenvironment on the occurrence and development of ovarian cancer， and put forward that the prevention and control principles of ovarian cancer should lie in the "adjustment of Yin-Yang balance"， accompanied by healthy Qi reinforcement and pathogen elimination. This paper has laid the foundation for the elucidation of modern research achievements regarding the ovarian cancer microenvironment with TCM theory and provide a theoretical basis for the clinical treatment of ovarian cancer with integrated TCM and western medicine.

Recent advances in myeloid-derived suppressor cell biology / 医学前沿

In recent years, studying the role of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) in many pathological inflammatory conditions has become a very active research area. Although the role of MDSCs in cancer is relatively well established, their role in non-cancerous pathological conditions remains in its infancy resulting in much confusion. Our objectives in this review are to address some recent advances in MDSC research in order to minimize such confusion and to provide an insight into their function in the context of other diseases. The following topics will be specifically focused upon: (1) definition and characterization of MDSCs; (2) whether all MDSC populations consist of immature cells; (3) technical issues in MDSC isolation, estimation and characterization; (4) the origin of MDSCs and their anatomical distribution in health and disease; (5) mediators of MDSC expansion and accumulation; (6) factors that determine the expansion of one MDSC population over the other; (7) the Yin and Yang roles of MDSCs. Moreover, the functions of MDSCs will be addressed throughout the text.

Homeostasis Research Model Based on Yin-Yang Theory: Five Examples / 中国结合医学杂志

In recent years, the ancient Yin-Yang theory has been gradually adopted by modern researchers, especially European and American scholars, and it has also been applied to modern scientific research on sleep, viruses, metabolism, cancer, genes, autoimmune diseases, and so on. It is very promising and fruitful results have been reported. However, the understanding of the connotations of Yin-Yang theory is not sufficient and thorough enough in these studies. If we understand and apply Yin-Yang theory more comprehensively, it may provide us with additional potential mechanisms and research directions worthy of study. On the basis of promoting a comprehensive understanding of all three connotations of Yin-Yang theory, this review attempts to illustrate this theory, summarize its applications in modern scientific research, and reveal the potential research direction of modern medicine.

Yin-Yang-1 decreases Fas-induced apoptosis in acute lymphoblastic leukemia under hypoxic conditions: its implications in immune evasion / YY1 induce la disminución de la apoptosis a través de Fas en la leucemia linfoblástica aguda en condiciones hipóxicas: implicaciones en la evasión de la respuesta inmunitaria

Abstract Background: Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is an aggressive malignant disease with high prevalence in pediatric patients. It has been shown that the downregulation of Fas expression is correlated with an inadequate response in ALL, although these mechanisms are still not well understood. Several reports demonstrated that hypoxia is involved in dysfunctional apoptosis. Yin-Yang-1 (YY1) transcription factor is involved in resistance to apoptosis, tumor progression, and it is increased in different types of cancer, including leukemia. The regulatory mechanism underlying YY1 expression in leukemia is still not understood, but it is known that YY1 negatively regulates Fas expression. The study aimed to evaluate the effect of YY1 on Fas expression under hypoxic conditions in ALL. Methods: Leukemia cell line RS4; 11 was cultured under normoxic and hypoxic conditions. YY1, Fas receptor, and hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF-1α) expression were analyzed. After treatment with a Fas agonist (DX2), apoptosis was analyzed through the detection of active caspase 3. Data were analyzed using Pearson’s correlation. Results: Leukemia cells co-expressed both HIF-1α and YY1 under hypoxia, which correlated with a downregulation of Fas expression. During hypoxia, the levels of apoptosis diminished after DX2 treatment. The analysis revealed that patients with high levels of HIF-1α also express high levels of YY1 and low levels of Fas. Conclusions: These results suggest that YY1 negatively regulates the expression of the Fas receptor, which could be involved in the escape of leukemic cells from the immune response contributing to the ALL pathogenesis.

Resumen Introducción: La leucemia linfoblástica aguda (LLA) es una enfermedad con alta prevalencia en la población pediátrica. El mecanismo por el cual el receptor de Fas participa en la regulación inmunitaria en los tumores es desconocido, pero se sabe que está subexpresado en LLA. El factor de transcripción Ying-Yang-1 (YY1) está involucrado en la resistencia a la apoptosis y la progresión tumoral; se encuentra aumentado en diferentes tumores, incluida la LLA. Aunque los mecanismos que regulan la expresión de YY1 en LLA son desconocidos, se sabe que YY1 regula la expresión del receptor de Fas. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar el efecto de YY1 en la expresión de Fas en condiciones de hipoxia en la LLA. Métodos: Se cultivaron células RS4;11 en condiciones de hipoxia y se analizó la expresión de YY1, receptor de Fas y HIF-1α. La apoptosis fue inducida usando un agonista de Fas (DX2) y se analizó con la detección de caspasa 3 activa. Los datos se analizaron mediante correlación de Pearson. Resultados: Las células RS4;11 coexpresaron HIF-1αy YY1 en hipoxia, lo cual correlaciona con una baja expresión de Fas. La apoptosis se encontró disminuida durante condiciones de hipoxia, después del tratamiento con DX2. El análisis bioinformático mostró que los pacientes con altos niveles de HIF-1αpresentan YY1 elevado y bajos niveles del receptor de Fas. Conclusiones: Estos resultados sugieren que YY1 regula negativamente la expresión del receptor de Fas, lo cual podría estar involucrado en el escape de las células leucémicas a la respuesta inmunitaria, contribuyendo a la patogénesis de la LLA.

Somatic symptom disorder in the context of Chinese yin-yang culture:A case report and literature review / 中南大学学报(医学版)

Somatic symptom disorder (SSD) is a somatic disorder characterized by excessive anxiety over various somatic symptoms for a long time, which makes patients feel very painful and the quality of personal life significantly decreased. Previous studies have shown that there is a connection between the clinical manifestations of SSD patients and their cultural background. The patient in this case report was highly affected by Chinese yin-yang culture, displaying obvious Chinese characteristics. We report a patient with SSD, whose clinical manifestations were mainly sexual dysfunction and mood symptoms which were closely related to the Traditional Chinese culture of Yin and Yang. In this case, Hamilton Anxiety Scale, Hamilton Depression Scale, and International Erectile Function Questionnaire were used to evaluate the patients ' anxiety, depression, and sexual function, and the scores were 32, 33, and 9, respectively. The patient was treated with a combination of venlafaxine and mirtazapine. After 5 weeks of treatment, the patient's clinical symptoms improved significantly. The clinical manifestations of some Chinese SSD patients have obvious characteristic relevance to Chinese theory of Yin and Yang, making SSD easily to be misdiagnosed. Therefore, clinicians should pay atlention to this situation. In addition, the combination of venlafaxine and mirtazapine may have a better effect on SSD patients with chronic pain and sexual dysfunction.

Exploration on "moxibustion on a meridian" in / 中国针灸

From the view of location, through the longitudinal comparison of the meridian name references of "moxibustion on a meridian" from the records in

Mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine balancing Yin-Yang by targeting ERα/ERβ and its application in treatment of menopausal syndrome / 中国中药杂志

The coordination and unification of Yin and Yang are the basis of normal human life activities. Along with the age growth and aging of the body, women will suffer from menopausal syndrome during menopause. In addition to the significant changes in the genital system, there are also pathological manifestations in estrogen target points including bone, nerve and cardiovascular systems, due to the imbalance of Yin and Yang. Besides the insufficiency of estrogen, the main cause of menopausal syndrome is the changes in the response of target organs to estrogen. In other words, the biological effects mediated by estrogen receptor(ER) alpha and beta subtypes in target cells are often different or even opposite; the changes of expression level and ratio of ERα and ERβ are also important causes for the abnormal estrogenic effects in target organs and the imbalance of Yin and Yang of the body. Therefore, on one hand, the therapeutic mechanism of drugs is ER-mediated estrogenic effect. On the other hand, the drugs have a regulatory effect on ER subtype expression in target cells and Yin-Yang state in target organs and even organisms, so as to cause further changes in the response of target cells to estrogen or estrogenic components, and exert its therapeutic effects. This paper reviews the pharmacological mechanism of gynecological traditional Chinese medicine in harmonizing Yin and Yang in estrogen-positive target cells and the clinical efficacy in the following aspects, including estrogen and its mechanism, the estrogenic effect of ER in traditional Chinese medicine and the mechanism of ER subtype in balancing Yin and Yang and mediating and regulating the main target tissues in menopausal syndrome treatment.

- balance penetrating acupuncture combined with rehabilitation training on upper limb spasticity in stroke hemiplegia / 中国针灸

OBJECTIVE@#To compare the therapeutic effect of - balance penetrating acupuncture combined with rehabilitation training and single rehabilitation training on upper limb spasticity in patients with stroke hemiplegia.@*METHODS@#A total of 60 patients with upper limb spasticity of stroke hemiplegia were randomized into an observation group and a control group, 30 cases in each one. On the basis of conventional western medication, rehabilitation training was adopted in the control group. On the basis of treatment in the control group, - balance penetrating acupuncture was applied from Jianyu (LI 15) to Binao (LI 14), Quchi (LI 11) to Shaohai (HT 3), Yanglingquan (GB 34) to Yinlingquan (SP 9), Xuanzhong (GB 39) to Sanyinjiao (SP 6), etc. of the affected side in the observation group. The treatment was given once a day, 5 days were as one course, with a 2-day interval between two courses, 4 courses were required in both groups. The classification of modified Ashworth spasticity scale (MAS), surface integrated electromyogram (iEMG) of affected upper limb and the scores of National Institute of Health stroke scale (NIHSS), Fugl-Meyer assessment (FMA) of upper limb and modified Barthel index (MBI) before and after treatment were observed, the therapeutic effect was evaluated in both groups.@*RESULTS@#①After treatment, the MAS classification reduced in both groups (<0.05), the cases of grade 0 to Ⅰ in the observation group were more than those in the control group (<0.05); iEMG values of the maximum isometric voluntary contraction of affected usculus biceps brachii, musculus triceps brachii, musculus flexor carpi, musculus extensor carpi, extensor digitorum, aductor pollicis brevis were increased in both groups (<0.05), and the variations of iEMG of above muscles on the affected side in the observation group were larger than those in the control group (<0.05). ②After treatment, the scores of NIHSS were decreased (<0.05), the scores of FMA, MBI were increased in both groups (<0.05), and the variations of NIHSS, FMA and MBI scores were larger than those in the control group (<0.05). ③The total effective rate was 93.3% (28/30) in the observation group, which was superior to 70.0% (21/30) in the control group (<0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#- balance penetrating acupuncture combined with rehabilitation training can improve upper limb spasticity, heighten the motor function of upper limb and daily self care in patients with stroke hemiplegia, its therapeutic effect is superior to single rehabilitation training.

acupuncture on refractory insomnia: a randomized controlled trial / 中国针灸

OBJECTIVE@#To compare the therapeutic effect of acupuncture, conventional acupuncture and oral estazolam tablet on refractory insomnia.@*METHODS@#A total of 180 patients with refractory insomnia were randomized into a acupuncture group, a conventional acupuncture group and a medication group, 60 cases in each group. In the acupuncture group, acupuncture was applied at Baihui (GV 20), Waiguan (TE 5), Neiguan (PC 6), Weishu (BL 21), Zhongwan (CV 12) and Taixi (KI 3); in the conventional acupuncture group, conventional acupuncture was applied at Baihui (GV 20), Shenmen (HT 7), Sanyinjiao (SP 6), Zhaohai (KI 6), Shenmai (BL 62) and Anmian (Extra). Supplementary acupoints were added according to different patterns in the two acupuncture groups, and the treatment was given once a day, 7 times as one course and 4 courses were required. In the medication groups, estazolam was taken orally 1 h before sleep, 1 mg each time, once a day for 4 weeks. The Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) score was observed before and after treatment and the therapeutic effect was evaluated in the 3 groups.@*RESULTS@#The total effective rates in the acupuncture group and the conventional acupuncture group were 90.0% (54/60) and 83.3% (50/60), which were superior to 30.0% (18/60) in the medication group (both <0.05). Compared before treatment, the PSQI scores were significantly reduced in the two acupuncture groups (all <0.05), the sleep efficiency and the total score of PSQI were reduced in the medication group (both <0.05). After treatment, the changes of sleep latency, sleep efficiency, sleep disorder, daytime function and total score of PSQI in the acupuncture group were significantly larger than those in the conventional acupuncture group (all <0.05). The changes of PSQI scores in the acupuncture group were significantly larger than the medication group (all <0.05). The changes of sleep quality, sleep latency, sleep time, sleep disorder, daytime function and total score of PSQI in the conventional acupuncture group were significantly larger than the medication group (all <0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#The therapeutic effect of acupuncture on refractory insomnia is superior to estazolam and conventional acupuncture.

Pseudoaneurisma traumático de la arteria temporal superficial, reporte de un caso / Traumatic pseudoaneurysm of the superficial temporal artery, report of a case

Los pseudoaneurismas son una causa infrecuente de masa palpable en cabeza y cuello, habitualmente secundarios a procedimientos intervencionales; trauma e infeccioso son casos aislados. Caso Clínico. Se presenta el caso de un niño de 14 años que luego de haber sufrido un trauma contuso cortante en la región preauricular izquierda intervenido quirúrgicamente, desarrolla al mes un aumento de volumen pulsátil tras un trauma menor en la zona. En la ecografía se aprecia el signo del yin yang, indicador de pseudoaneurisma. Se realiza en pabellón el vaciamiento del pseudoaneurisma y posterior sutura vascular sin incidentes. Discusión. Pese a la baja frecuencia de pseudoaneurisma como causa de masa en cabeza y cuello, se debe considerar como diagnóstico diferencial en el contexto de masas pulsátiles post traumáticas, de horas a días de evolución. El estudio de elección es la ecografía doppler y el Gold Standard del manejo es quirúrgico con sutura vascular.

Pseudoaneurysms are an infrequent cause of palpable mass in the head and neck; usually secondary to invasive procedures; trauma and infectious causes are rare. Clinical Case. We present the case of a 14-year-old boy who, after suffering a blunt contusive trauma in the left preauricular region surgically treated, develops a month later a pulsatile volume increase after a minor trauma in the area. Ultrasound shows the yin yang sign, indicator of pseudoaneurysm. The emptying of the pseudoaneurysm and subsequent vascular suture was performed without incident. Discussion. Despite the low frequency of pseudoaneurysm as a cause of mass in the head and neck, it should be considered as a differential diagnosis in the context of post-traumatic pulsatile masses, from hours to days of evolution. The study of choice is Doppler ultrasound and the Gold Standard treatment is surgery with vascular suture.