Correlation between spinous process deviation and lumbar disc herniation in young patients / 中国骨伤

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the relationship between spinous process deviation and lumbar disc herniation in young patients.@*METHODS@#From March 2015 to January 2022, 30 treated young (under the age of 30) patients with lumbar disc herniation were included as the young group. In addition 30 middle-aged patients (quinquagenarian group) with lumbar disc herniation and 30 patients with non-degenerative spinal diseases (young non-degenerative group) were selected as control groups. The angle of the spinous process deviation was measured on CT and statistically analyzed by various groups. All the data were measured twice and the average value was taken and recorded.@*RESULTS@#The average angle of spinous process deviation in the degenerative lumbar vertebra of young patients were (3.89±3.77) degrees, similar to the (3.72±2.98) degrees of quinquagenarian patients(P=0.851). The average angle of s spinous process deviation young non-degenerative group were (2.20±2.28) degrees, significantly less than young group(P=0.040). The spinous process deviation angle of the superior vertebral of the degenerative lumbar in the young group was (4.10±3.44) degrees, which similar to the (3.47±2.87) degrees in the quinquagenarian group (P=0.447). A total of 19 young patients had the opposite deviation direction of the spinous process of the degenerative lumbar vertebra and upper vertebra, while only 7 quinquagenarian patients had this condition(P=0.02). The type of lumbar disc herniation in young patients had no significant relationship with the direction of spinous process deflection of the degenerative or upper lumbar vertebra (P>0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#Spinous process deviation is a risk factor of young lumbar disc herniation patients. If the deviation directions of adjacent lumbar spinous processes are opposite, it will increase the incidence of lumbar disc herniation in young patients. There was no significant correlation between the type of disc herniation and the deviation direction of the spinous process of the degenerative or upper lumbar vertebra. People with such anatomical variation can strengthen the stability of spine and prevent lumbar disc herniation through reasonable exercise.

Fertility problems of young breast cancer survivors / 中华内分泌外科杂志

More and more young patients survive from breast cancer with improvement of curative effect. The next challenge is to realize fertility demands of young breast cancer survivors. The safety issue, preservation of fertility and timing of pregnancy are the common focus of clinicians and patients. This review of relative researches points out that, with current evidence, pregnancy does not increase recurrence risk of young breast cancer survivors. To fulfill their wishes of being mothers, fertility protection should be included in their diagnosis and treatment, and multidisciplinary assessment of pregnancy timing is needed.

Influence of Parent’s Sex, Patient’s Age, and Use of Children’s Medical Expense Subsidy System on Young Patients Being Switched to Generic Drug Use / 社会薬学

Objective: The proportion of young patients in Japan in whom generic drugs are used is lower than that of other age groups. To promote the use of generic drugs in young patients, we need to change the parents’ attitude toward generic drugs. Therefore, we aimed to contribute to the maintenance and reform of the Japanese social security system by investigating the effects of parent’s sex, patient’s age, and use of the children’s medical expense subsidy system on the selection of generic drugs. Method: We surveyed parents of young patients (<20 years) whose prescriptions were filed at pharmacies from November 25 to December 1, 2019. Results: Of the 712 valid questionnaires retrieved, 74.3% of parents reported using generic drugs for young patients. Approximately 92.2% of the parents reported using the children’s medical expense subsidy system. The highest (51.4%) reason for switching to generics was “recommendation from a pharmacist, etc.” Cognitive methods using online content were higher among male parents than among female parents (28.0% vs. 11.5% ; P<0.001). Regarding catchphrases that make them want to hear, female parents were more likely to hear about generic drugs than male parents were if the catchphrases quality and safety were used (38.1% vs. 23.8% ; P＝0.007). Compared to parents of 7-19-year old children (6.8%), parents of 0-6-year old children (13.1%) reportedly switched to generic drugs because they were easier to ingest (P＝0.022). Conclusion: Recommendations from medical professionals such as pharmacists are effective in convincing parents of young patients to switch to generic drug use. To promote the use of generic drugs in young patients, in addition to explaining and publicizing its financial benefits, pharmacists need to explain the added value of generic drugs such as the ingenuity of its dosage form. In addition, it is essential to adopt a multifaceted approach that considers the parents’ background including (1) publicity using the internet for male parents, (2) reaching out to female parents with preschool children, (3) increasing publicity using tickets for children’s medical expenses subsidy system, and (4) drug education that matches the growth of children.

The Effect of Pharmacists’ Explanation on Young Patients Switching to Generic Drugs Usage / 医薬品情報学

Objective: To keep medical costs down, it is important to promote the use of generic drugs at pharmacies, where prescription volumes are high. However, many parents do not opt for generic drugs. This study examines the effectiveness of pharmacists’ explanations to parents, with the aim of promoting the use of generic drugs among young patients under the age of 20.Method: A questionnaire-based survey was conducted from November 25 to December 1, 2019, at 129 pharmacies.Results: During the survey period, 91 pharmacies received 4,491 prescriptions from young patients. The percentage of generic drugs dispensed per prescription was lower for the young patients than for adult patients (65.4% vs. 70.4%; p < 0.001). Statistically, the percentage of prescriptions dispensed using generic drugs was higher in pharmacies that explained costs, equivalence of quality and efficacy, safety, side effects, and the trial system (divided dispensing), compared to pharmacies that did not use these explanations. Conversely, the percentage of prescriptions dispensed using generic drugs was lower at pharmacies that explained dosage form and ease of swallowing. Many pharmacies explained the equivalence of quality and efficacy (85.7%), with many questions from parents (82.4%). However, only a few pharmacies explained the trial system (divided dispensing) (1.1%), with no questions raised by parents (0.0%).Conclusion: This study found that pharmacists’ explanations are effective in promoting the use generic drugs for young patients. However, there is a lack of awareness among parents about the trial system (divided dispensing), and public institutions and pharmacists are not responding appropriately. To promote generic drug usage among young patients, it is important to develop educational tools regarding the trial system (divided dispensing), create awareness campaigns for parents, and revise medical fee. Furthermore, to ensure safe drug therapy, pharmacists should also provide information on the appearance and taste of generic drugs.

Comportamiento del condrosarcoma óseo en pacientes menores de 40 años / Chondrosarcoma of bone in young patients

Resumen El condrosarcoma ocupa el segundo lugar en frecuencia, entre los tumores malignos primarios óseos, en pacientes adultos. Típicamente afecta a adultos de entre 40 y 70 años, siendo la mayoría de las series publicadas de este grupo etario. El objetivo de este estudio fue comunicar una serie de pacientes adultos jóvenes (16 a 40 años) con diagnóstico de condrosarcoma óseo, que buscó describir las particularida des en la forma de presentación en esta población. De un total de 37 pacientes de 16 a 40 años operados por condrosarcoma en nuestro centro, entre los años 2008 y 2019, 18 presentaron tumores de bajo grado (G1/tumor cartilaginoso atípico), 16 de grado intermedio (G2), quedando una minoría con tumores de alto grado (2 con condrosarcoma G3 y 1 con un condrosarcoma desdiferenciado). La tasa de supervivencia global fue del 97% (IC 95% 82%-99%) a 2 años y 90.5% (IC 95% 73%-96%) a 5 años y la tasa libre de recurrencia local fue de 92% (IC 95% 77%-97.5%) a los 12 meses y de 89% a los 2 y 5 años (IC 95% 73%-96%). El grado histológico fue el factor pronóstico más relevante. La concordancia del grado histológico entre el diagnóstico preoperatorio de la biopsia y el material de resección quirúrgica fue del 81% (30/37).

Abstract Chondrosarcoma is the second most frequent primary malignant bone tumor. It is typically described in adults between 40 and 70 years of age, being the majority of the series published in this age group. The objective of this study was to report a series of young adults (16-40 years old) with a diagnosis of chondrosarcoma of bone in order to describe the particularities of this tumor in this population. From a total of 37 patients between 16 and 40 years old, surgically treated for chondrosar coma in our institution, 18 had low-grade tumors (G1/atypical cartilaginous tumor), 16 had an intermediate-grade (G2), and a minority had high-grade tumors (2 with a G3 and 1 with a dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma). The overall survival rate was 97% (95% CI 82%-99%) at 2 years of follow-up and 90.5% (95% CI 73-96) at 5 years of follow-up. The local recurrence free rate was 92% (95% CI % 77%-97.5%) at 1 year of follow-up and 89% at 2 and 5 years of follow-up (95% CI 73%-96%). Histological grade was the most relevant prognostic factor. The concordance of the histological grade between the preoperative diagnosis of the biopsy and the surgical resection material was 81% (30/37).

AISYF: first national, prospective, multicenter study of young patients with stroke in Argentina / AISYF: primer estudio nacional, prospectivo y multicéntrico de pacientes jóvenes con ataque cerebral en Argentina

Abstract Up to 15% of all strokes affect young patients and the incidence of ischemic stroke in this population is rising. Nevertheless, there is limited information of cerebrovascular events in this population both in our country and in Latin America. The aim of our study was to evaluate the clinical characteristics and risk factors of young adults with stroke in Argentina. This is a prospective, multicenter study of stroke in young adults (18 - 55 years) in Argentina. Patients presenting with a cerebrovascular event within 180 days were included. Stroke subtypes were classified according to TOAST criteria. A total number of 311 patients were enrolled (men 53.9%, mean age: 43.3 years). Ischemic strokes occurred in 91.8% (brain infarcts 82.6%, transient ischemic attack 9.2%) and hemorrhagic strokes in 8.2%. The most frequent vascular risk factors (including ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes) were: hypertension 120 (41%), smoking 92 (31.4%), dyslipidemia 81 (27.6%) and, over weight/obesity: 74 (25.3%). Stroke subtypes were: large artery disease 12.3%, cardioembolism 7.5, small artery occlusion 11.5%, other defined etiology 27.1%, and undetermined etiology 41.6%. Our study demonstrates that vascular risk factors are very frequent in young adults with stroke. Our findings underline that urgent strategies are required for primary and secondary stroke prevention in this group of patients.

Resumen Aproximadamente un 15% de todos los ataques cerebrovasculares afectan a pacientes jóvenes y su incidencia estaría en aumento. Existe escasa información sobre el ataque cerebral en esta población tanto en nuestro país como en Latinoamérica. El objetivo de nuestro estudio fue evaluar las características clínicas y los factores de riesgo de los adultos jóvenes con ictus en Argentina. Realizamos un estudio prospectivo y multicéntrico en adultos jóvenes (18-55 años) en Argentina, que presentaron un evento cerebrovascular dentro de los 180 días previos. Los subtipos de ictus se clasificaron según los criterios de TOAST. Se incluyeron un total de 311 pacientes (hombres 53.9%, edad media: 43,3 años). Los ataques cerebrovasculares isquémicos ocurrieron en el 91.8% (infartos cerebrales 82.6%, ataque isquémico transitorio 9.2%) y los eventos hemorrágicos correspondieron al 8.2%. Los factores de riesgo vascular más frecuentes (incluyendo los eventos isquémicos y hemorrágicos) fueron: hipertensión 120 (41%), tabaquismo 92 (31.4%), dislipidemia 81 (27.6%) y sobrepeso/obesidad: 74 (25.3%). Los subtipos de ictus isquémicos fueron: arteriopatía de gran vaso 12.3%, cardioembolismo 7.5%, oclusión de pequeña arteria 11.5%, otra etiología definida 27.1% y etiología indeterminada 41.6%. Los factores de riesgo vascular son muy frecuentes en los adultos jóvenes con ictus. Nuestros hallazgos subrayan que se requieren estrategias urgentes para la prevención primaria y secundaria del ictus en este grupo particular de pacientes en nuestro país.

Comparison of imaging characteristics and risk factors for mortality between young and middle-aged patients with aortic dissection / 中华超声影像学杂志

Objective:To explore the differences in imaging characteristics and risk factors for mortality between the young and middle-aged and elderly patients with aortic dissection.Methods:The data from 1 220 patients with aortic dissection from January 2007 to December 2015 were successively collected. They were divided into young and middle-aged and elderly groups according to their ages. The basic information, computer comography angiography and echocardiogram results, hospital admissions and surgical details were collected and compared between the two groups using single variable regression analysis.Results:The ratio of female patients in the middle-aged and elderly group (>45 years old) was significantly higher than that of the young group (≤45 years old) (24.9% vs 18.7%, P=0.014), the ratio of hypertension patients was also significantly higher than that in the young group (77.5% vs 68.1%, P<0.001). Echocardiographic parameters showed that the prevalences of left ventricular enlargement (39.9% vs 26.9%) and left ventricular dysfunction (22.3% vs 14.1%) in the young group were significantly higher than in the middle-aged and elderly group (all P<0.001). The prevalences of ascending aorta dilation [(43.04±9.12)mm vs (41.69±10.99)mm] and thrombosis (39.1% vs 28.5%) were higher ( P<0.05). Although there was no statistically significant difference in mortality within 60 days after admission between the two groups (12.0% vs 15.1%, P=0.164), univariate regression analysis showed that aortic branch involvement was the main independent risk factor for mortality in young patients. Left ventricular remodeling (left atrial enlargement, ascending aortic dilation, aortic regurgitation) and decreased heart function were the main independent risk factors for death in the elderly patients. Conclusions:The mortality rate of young and middle-aged and elderly patients with aortic dissection are comparable, but the influencing factors are different. Screening out the relevant risk factors that affect the survival rate of the two groups, and conducting targeted prevention and intervention on them areof great significance to improve the survival rate of patients.

Definitive concurrent chemoradiotherapy outcomes in Stage IIIB nonsmall cell lung cancer patients younger than 45 years: A retrospective analysis of 145 patients

Purpose: To assess the survival outcomes and prognostic factors of young (≤45 years) Stage IIIB nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients treated with definitive concurrent chemoradiotherapy (C-CRT). Materials and Methods: Medical records of 145 Stage IIIB NSCLC patients (≤45 years) who received 60–66 Gy thoracic radiotherapy and concurrent 1–3 cycles of cisplatin-based doublet chemotherapy were retrospectively evaluated. The primary endpoint was overall survival (OS), while locoregional progression-free survival (LRPFS), progression-free survival (PFS), and evaluation of potential prognostic factors constituted the secondary endpoints. Results: At median 21.6 months (range: 7.3–62.5) of follow-up, the median and 4-year survival estimates were 24.8 months and 24.2% for OS, 15.7 months and 18.9%, for LRPFS and 12.0 months and 11.2% for PFS, respectively. On univariate analyses, among all factors, the smaller tumor size (≤7.0 cm; P = 0.03), lower T-stage (T1–T2; P = 0.02), lower N-stage (N2; P = 0.01), absence of anemia before C-CRT (hemoglobin [Hb] ≥12 g/dL; P < 0.001), and lower/no pretreatment weight loss (WL ≤5%; P < 0.001) were found to be associated significantly with longer median OS durations, which also retained their independent significance on multivariate analyses, except for tumor size category. Conclusions: The encouraging median 24.8 months OS duration observed here in young NSCLC patients accords well with the results of recent landmark locally advanced NSCLC series without age stratification. Other than the well-established T and N stages, extra exhibit of superior OS in patients with initial Hb ≥12 g/dL and ≤5% WL levels suggests a noteworthy prognostic role for these two latter variables in the stratification of such patients

Autoamputation of the ovary: a rare consequence of torsion in a mature cystic teratoma

Autoamputation of the ovary may be a result of longstanding infarction resulting from torsion of the ovarian pedicle. This entity may be confused with an ectopic or supernumerary ovary.  A proper detailed history taking is important to provide clues for diagnosis. We report a case of a young female patient diagnosed with autoamputation of unilateral ovary on laparoscopy, with histopathology confirmation of ovary with dermoid cyst.

Risk factors for hematoma growth in young and elderly patients with intracerebral hemorrhage / 中国脑血管病杂志

Objective To identify the risk factors of hematoma growth in young patients with intracerebral hemorrhage (1CH). Methods A total of 502 patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage from the cohort of cerebral small vessel disease of Peking Union Medic&l College Hospital were retrospectively recruited from May 2016 to August 2018. Comparison between cerebral hemorrhage with hematoma growth and non-growth wrre peffamed in the young (76cases,

Análisis de una Cohorte de Pacientes con ACV del Joven: Hospital de Clínicas, Montevideo / Analysis of a cohort of patients with young man's stroke: Hospital of Clinics, Montevideo / Análise de uma coorte de pacientes com AVC do joven: Hospital de Clínicas, Montevidéu

Resumen: Introducción: El ataque cerebro-vascular (ACV) es un importante problema de salud pública. Se define ACV en el joven a aquel que se presenta entre los 15-45 años. El objetivo primario de este trabajo es describir las características epidemiológicas, clínicas, imagenológicas, etiopatogénicas y terapéuticas de los pacientes con ACV en el joven. Materiales y Métodos: Se trata de un estudio retrospectivo y descriptivo, acerca de una cohorte de pacientes que presentaron ACV en el joven asistidos en el Hospital de Clínicas de Montevideo en el período comprendido entre junio de 2007 y junio de 2014. Resultados: Se incluyeron 50 pacientes que representaron el 5,6 % de todos los ACV en el período comprendido en el estudio. La media de edad fue de 33 años. En cuanto a la naturaleza, el 64% fueron isquémicos y el 36% hemorrágicos. Según la clasificación TOAST, la etiología más frecuente fue la criptogenética (34%). Respecto a la etiología de las hemorragias intracerebrales la mitad correspondió a malformaciones vasculares. Discusión: El porcentaje de ACV del joven fue algo menor que el descrito en otras comunicaciones. Comparado con el ACV en todas las edades, la hemorragia cerebral aumenta su proporción, si bien la naturaleza isquémica sigue predominando. La causa más frecuente de ACV isquémico del joven fue la criptogenética, seguida de la cardioembolia y las causas inhabituales. Las disecciones arteriales igualaron en prevalencia a la ateromatosis de grandes vasos. Este hecho es similar a lo descrito por la mayoría de los autores. Conclusiones: Si bien la etiología más prevalente de hemorragia parenquimatosa fueron las malformaciones vasculares, la cantidad de hematomas hipertensivos no fue despreciable a estas edades.

Abstract: Introduction: Stroke is an important public health issue. Stroke in the young is defined as the one who presents between 15 and 45 years old. The primary objective of this study is to describe the epidemiological, clinical, imaging, etiopathogenic and therapeutic characteristics of stroke in young patients. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective and descriptive study of a cohort of patients who presented with stroke in the young assisted at the Hospital de Clínicas in Montevideo in the period between June 2007 and June 2014. Results: We have included fifty patients which accounted for 5.6% of all stroke in the period covered by the study. The mean age was 33 yo. As for nature, 64% were ischemic and 36% hemorrhagic. According to the TOAST classification, the most common etiology was cryptogenetic (34%). Regarding the etiology of intracerebral hemorrhages, half corresponded to vascular malformations. Discussion: The proportion of stroke in young people was somewhat lower than that described in other communications. Compared with stroke in all ages, cerebral hemorrhage increases its proportion, although the ischemic nature continues to predominate. The most common cause of ischemic stroke was cryptogenetic, followed by cardioembolism and unusual causes. Arterial dissections matched the prevalence of atheromatosis of large vessels. This fact is similar to that described by most authors. Conclusions: Although the most prevalent etiology of parenchymal hemorrhage were vascular malformations, the number of hypertensive hematomas was not negligible at these ages.

Resumo: Introdução: O ataque cerebrovascular (AVC) é um importante problema de saúde pública. A ACV é definida no jovem que aparece entre 15 a 45 anos. O objetivo primário deste trabalho é descrever as características epidemiológicas, clínicas, de imagem, etiopatogênicas e terapêuticas de pacientes com AVC em jovens. Materiais e métodos: Trata-se de um estudo retrospectivo e descritivo sobre uma coorte de pacientes que se apresentaram com AVC no jovem atendido no Hospital de Clínicas de Montevidéu no período de junho de 2007 a junho de 2014. Resultados: Cinquenta pacientes foram incluídos, representando 5,6% de todos os casos de AVC no período coberto pelo estudo. A idade média foi de 33 anos. Em relação à natureza, 64% eram isquêmicos e 36% eram hemorrágicos. Segundo a classificação TOAST, a etiologia mais freqüente foi a criptogenética (34%). Em relação à etiologia das hemorragias intracerebrais, metade correspondeu a malformações vasculares. Discussão A porcentagem do derrame do jovem foi um pouco menor do que a descrita em outras comunicações. Em comparação com o AVC em todas as idades, a hemorragia cerebral aumenta sua proporção, embora a natureza isquêmica continue a predominar. A causa mais freqüente de acidente vascular cerebral isquêmico do jovem foi criptogenética, seguida por cardioembolismo e causas incomuns. Dissecções arteriais igualaram a prevalência de ateromatose de grandes vasos. Este fato é semelhante ao descrito pela maioria dos autores. Conclusões: Embora a etiologia mais prevalente da hemorragia parenquimatosa tenha sido a malformação vascular, o número de hematomas hipertensivos não foi desprezível nessas idades.

Complicación de una fractura bilateral acetabular después de múltiples cirugías y 30 años de evolución. Presentación de un caso / Complication of a bilateral acetabular fracture after multiple surgeries and 30 years of evolution. Presentation of a case

Resumen Fractura acetabular bilateral, reducción abierta y fijación interna, sin lograrse reducción anatómica; requirió colocación de prótesis totales a corto plazo, ambas cementadas. Se llevó a cabo una revisión de ambos componentes de cadera izquierda a los ocho años por aflojamiento de la copa y del vástago, con componentes no cementados. El fémur evolucionó de manera satisfactoria, no así el acetábulo, que requirió seis revisiones subsecuentes, con injertos óseos y colocación de refuerzos metálicos, inicialmente muy estables, pero con ruptura de tornillos y falta de osteointegración tanto de los implantes como de los injertos a los 12 y 18 meses en los diferentes eventos quirúrgicos. Desarrolló pseudoaneurisma de la arteria iliaca externa izquierda, tratado por un cirujano vascular; se complicó con infección local primero e infección profunda de cadera izquierda por Staphylococcus aureus después. Se trató con retiro de los implantes en iliaco y utilizando polimetilmetacrilato con antibiótico como relleno del gran defecto óseo mientras se controló la infección, terminando con una prótesis de rescate en silla de montar (Link, Hamburgo). En la actualidad, tiene buena función, sin dolor, pero con movilidad limitada, sobre todo la flexión. La cadera derecha se ha revisado una sola vez; la copa acetabular empezó a migrar cefálica y vertical, pero sin perder estabilidad, al poco tiempo del aflojamiento de la izquierda; nunca desarrolló compromiso del vástago femoral, permitiéndole una función aceptable y siendo «su pierna buena¼ durante el tiempo de disfunción de la cadera izquierda. Se revisó colocando injerto óseo estructural con dos cabezas femorales de cadáver y cementando una nueva copa. La recuperación de la paciente ha sido muy buena; se ha reintegrado a la vida activa, en la que se vale por sí misma para todas sus actividades cotidianas; utiliza una muleta con la mano derecha, maneja una camioneta, no tiene dolor.

Abstract Bilateral acetabular fracture, open reduction and internal fixation, without achieving anatomical reduction; it required placement of short-term total prostheses, both cemented. We made a revision of both left hip components in the eighth year because of loosening of the cup and stem, with uncemented components. The femur evolved satisfactorily, but the acetabulum required six subsequent revisions, with bone grafts and placement of metal reinforcements, initially very stable, but with screw rupture and lack of osseointegration of both implants and grafts at 12 and 18 months in the different surgical events. She developed pseudoaneurysm of the left external iliac artery, treated by a vascular surgeon; it got complicated with local infection first and later, deep infection of the left hip by Staphylococcus aureus. The implants were removed from the iliac and polymethylmethacrylate with antibiotics was used to fill the large bone defect while the infection was being controlled, ending with a saddle rescue prosthesis (Link, Hamburg). It currently has a good function, without pain, but with limited mobility, especially flexion. The right hip has only been checked once; the acetabular cup began to migrate cephalically and vertically, but without losing stability, shortly after the loosening of the left one; it never developed femoral stem involvement, allowing acceptable function and being «her good leg¼ during the time of the left hip dysfunction. It was reviewed by placing a structural bone graft with two femoral heads from a corpse and cementing a new cup. The patient's recovery has been very good, returning to an active life in which she is self-sufficient in all her daily activities; uses a crutch with her right hand, drives a van, is pain-free.

Tecendo a rede: a construção do caso clínico no atendimento institucional de jovens / Weaving the net: the clinical case construction in the institutional care of young patients

Partimos da noção freudiana (1937/2017) de "construção" para propormos uma metodologia de pesquisa-intervenção com equipes de saúde mental juvenil pautada pela singularidade do caso e pelo concernimento dos profissionais envolvidos. Introduzimos a presença de um aluno aprendiz junto à equipe dos serviços durante o período de construção do caso. Demonstraremos os efeitos da presença deste agente no caso de um jovem intitulado ­ "Sobre o truco! O valor de uma aposta". As reuniões com as equipes para a construção do caso são constituídas em três tempos: "tempo de ver", "tempo de escutar-se" e "do que resta a construir". Buscamos ao longo deste percurso de trabalho cernir algo do impossível na construção do caso. Assim, ao termos em conta o real no seio da estrutura na qual o sujeito se engendra, procuramos iluminar o modo como as equipes concebem aquilo que se repete no caso visando a promoção de um saber concernido, o que denominamos efeito-equipe.

Departing from the Freudian notion (1937/1975) of "construction", we propose a research-intervention methodology, based on the singularity of the case to the detriment of universalizing practices, to be used with mental health teams that deal with young patients. We introduce a trainee student within the staff during the period of the case construction. We shall demonstrate the effects of the presence of this agent in the construction of the case of a young patient, entitled "On truco! The value of a wager". The meetings with the teams regarding case construction are established around three moments: "time of seeing", "time of listening to oneself" and "that which remains to construct". Throughout this research itinerary, we intend to discern something related to the impossible in the case construction. Thus, taking into consideration the real within the structure in which the subject is engendered, we search to cast light onto the way mental health teams conceive that which repeats itself in the clinical case, aiming the promotion of a concerned knowledge, which we name team-effect.

Use of tricortical iliac crest strut autograft in comminuted posterior wall acetabular fractures: A case series / 中华创伤杂志(英文版)

<p><b>PURPOSE</b>The results for fixation of comminuted posterior wall acetabular fractures are not very promising with reported complications in terms of osteoarthritis, nonunion and malunion which subsequently require conversion to total hip arthroplasty. The conversion to total hip arthroplasty is possible in patients over 50 years of age but not in younger patients. So this requires new methods for salvage of the native hip in young patients.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>There were six patients in our series with highly comminuted posterior wall acetabular fractures where the fragments were excised and the gap filled with tricortical anterior iliac-crest strut autograft, fixed with screws and plate.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Good results were achieved in four out of six patients analyzed clinically using the Merle d'Aubinge score modified by Matta and radiologically by Matta scoring. These patients have returned to original work and are walking independently. The good result in one patient deteriorated from good to poor between one and two years. One patient developed infection and excision arthroplasty was done. The graft incorporated well in five out of six patients.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The use of iliac crest autograft is a better, advanced and promising technique as it provides a new wall to the weight bearing dome of the acetabulum for articulation with the femoral head. The rates of nonunion, malunion, post traumatic osteoarthritis are less as compared to the fixation of the comminuted fragments. The need for conversion to total hip arthroplasty is also less.</p>

Application characteristics of laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair in young patients / 中华消化外科杂志

Laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair (LIHR) is a surgical procedure of preperitoneal repair under laparoscope.It is well suited for young patients due to the advantages of postoperative slighter pain,faster resuming non-restrictive activities and better cosmetic effect.Total extraperitoneal and transabdominal preperitoneal (TAPP) are alternative for experienced surgeons and TAPP is recommended for complicated hernias or beginners.Most of the inguinal hernias in young males are congenital indirect hernias,accompanied with varicocele or cryptorchid.Varicocele can be handled simultaneously during LIHR and treatment scheme for cryptorchid should be formulated before LIHR according to different situations.Cryptorchid located in abdominal cavity or inner mouth can be resected in LIHR for resectable cryptorchid.Incaecerated scrotal hernia is common in young males and can be treated by hybridization technique.Femoral hernia should be paid attention in young females.Femoral hernia of most patients can be excised completely under laparoscope if combined with cyst of uterus round ligament.If possible,young females are suggested to preserve round ligament of uterus.Keyhole surgery and T-dissection are available for selected.

Reemplazo total de rodilla en pacientes menores de 55 años con gonartrosis. Seguimiento de 2 a 13 años / Total knee arthroplasty for gonarthrosis in patients <55 years old. A 2 to 13-year follow-up study

Introducción: Los reemplazos totales de rodilla en jóvenes siguen aumentando. Se publicaron resultados inconstantes sobre la función y las complicaciones, inclusive en pacientes con artritis reumatoide. El propósito de este estudio fue analizar un grupo de reemplazos totales de rodilla en pacientes <55 años para evaluar la sobrevida de la prótesis, las fallas radiológicas y los resultados funcionales. Materiales y Métodos: Se analizaron retrospectivamente 53 reemplazos totales de rodilla en 46 pacientes (promedio de edad: 49 años [rango 26-54]) y un seguimiento promedio de 6.5 años (rango 2-15). Los diagnósticos preoperatorios fueron: 46 gonartrosis idiopáticas, 5 postraumáticas y 2 osteonecrosis. Veintidós tenían cirugías previas. Se utilizaron 49 implantes importados y 4 nacionales. Los resultados clínico-funcionales se evaluaron mediante el Knee Society Score y el WOMAC, la evaluación radiológica se efectuó con el sistema de la Knee Society. Resultados: El puntaje KSS funcional mejoró de 49,3 a 92,6 en promedio y el puntaje propio de rodilla pasó de 46,8 a 91,4 en el posoperatorio. El puntaje WOMAC promedio fue de 2,3 para dolor, 2,6 para rigidez y 27,3 para capacidad funcional. El 16% presentó líneas de radiolúcidas <1 mm que no progresaron. Hubo tres infecciones que requirieron una revisión en dos tiempos, con evolución favorable, y cuatro casos de rigidez tratados mediante movilización artroscópica. La sobrevida de la prótesis fue del 94,34%. Conclusiones: El reemplazo total de rodilla en pacientes <55 años fue un procedimiento confiable en cuanto a la mejoría de la función, con una aceptable sobrevida de la prótesis considerando los antecedentes quirúrgicos. No se observaron fallas radiológicas al final del seguimiento. Nivel de Evidencia: IV

Introduction: Total knee arthroplasty is being performed with increasing frequency in young patients. Published data on the clinical scores and long-term durability for total knee arthroplasty in these patients are limited and most include patients with rheumatoid arthritis. The purpose of this study was to analyze a group of total knee arthroplasties in patients <55 years old, excluding those with rheumatoid arthritis, in order to assess prosthetic survival, radiographic failures and functional outcomes. Methods: A total of 53 total knee arthroplasties were retrospectively analyzed in 46 patients (average age: 49 years [range 26-54]) and a mean follow-up of 6.5 years (range 2-15). The preoperative diagnoses accounted for 46 idiopathic knee osteoathritis, 5 post-traumatic arthritis and 2 osteonecrosis. Twenty-two patients had previous surgeries. The clinical and functional outcomes were assessed using the Knee Society Score and the WOMAC, whereas radiological assessment system of the Knee Society was used. Results: Clinical and functional KSS improved from 49.3 to 92.6 and from 46.8 to 91.4 postoperatively on average, respectively. The average WOMAC score was 2.3 for pain, 2.6 for stiffness and 27.3 for functional capacity. Radiolucent lines <1 mm were observed in 16%, without progression over time. There were 3 infections requiring two-stage revision evolving favorably and 4 cases of stiffness that were manipulated under anesthesia or arthroscopy. The prosthetic survival rate was 94.34%. Conclusions: Total knee arthroplasty in patients <55 years provides functional improvements, with an acceptable prosthetic survival considering previous surgeries. At the end of the follow-up, no radiological failures were observed. Level of Evidence: IV

Genetic screening in young women diagnosed with endometrial cancer / 부인종양

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the importance of Lynch syndrome associated risk screening in the patients aged less than 50 years affected from endometrial cancer. METHODS: From 2007 to 2014, 41 patients affected from endometrial cancer and aged less than 50 years underwent surgery at the Complex Operative Unit of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Cannizzaro Hospital of Catania, Italy. They were selected to undergo mismatch repair gene mutation analysis using immunohistochemistry (IHC; four markers: MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, PMS2) and microsatellite instability (MSI) test. For samples that resulted negative to IHC (abnormal finding), MSI test was performed to further study the suspected mutation. Samples were classified as MSI-high (MSI-H) if more than one marker was identified as unstable; MSI-low (MSI-L) if only one marker was identified as unstable; or MSI-stable (MSI-S) if no marker was identified as unstable. Samples were subdivided into two groups: MSI-H/L and MSI-S. Statistical analysis was performed to assess differences regarding survival, tumor staging, grading, and invasion of lymphovascular space between these two groups. RESULTS: IHC analysis showed that in 46% (19/41) of samples there was negative outcome. Forty-two percent (8/19) of these negative samples were unstable (either low or high). Of eight patients showing MSI, 75% were MSI-L, while 25% were MSI-H. Differences in survival, stage, grade, lymphovascular space invasion and Amsterdam criteria adherence were not statistically significant due to the small size of the cohort. CONCLUSION: IHC and MSI test results of our cohort lead us to assess the relevance of performing Lynch syndrome genetic screening in endometrial cancer patients aged less than 50 years at the time of diagnosis.

Analysis of the outcome of young age tongue squamous cell carcinoma / 대한악안면성형재건외과학회지

BACKGROUND: The incidence of tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC) in young patients has recently increased, and these TSCCs are believed to be etiologically distinct from those in older patients, who have longer exposure to risk factors such as tobacco and alcohol. The prognosis of TSCCs in young patients remains controversial. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the records of 117 patients (2001–2011) who were diagnosed with squamous cell carcinoma of the oral tongue. Patients were divided into two age groups, older (ages over 40) and younger (ages 40 and younger). Data were compared between the two groups, and survival rates were analyzed. RESULTS: The results show that there are significant differences in overall, disease-free, and distant metastasis-free survival rates between the two groups. Five-year overall survival rates were 70% in older patients and 42% in young patients (p = 0.033). Five-year disease-free survival rates were 73% in older patients and 40% in young patients (p = 0.011), and 5-year distant metastasis-free survival rates were 97% in older patients and 62% in young patients (p = 0.033). Multivariate analysis revealed that histologic grade was the only independent risk factor for overall survival in both groups of patients (p = 0.002, HR = 2.287). The analysis also demonstrated that age was the critical risk factor for distant metastasis (p = 0.046, HR = 9.687). CONCLUSION: In this study, young (ages 40 and younger) patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the oral tongue had a higher rate of distant metastasis and a worse prognosis. Accordingly, we propose the necessity of an extensive therapeutic regimen that should be used in all young patients with TSCC.

Cáncer en pacientes jóvenes (Parte 2) Carcinomas de cavidad bucal en sujetos de bajo riesgo: presentación de 4 casos y revisión de la literatura / Oral cancers in low-risk subjects: presentation of 4 cases and literature review

El cáncer en cavidad bucal y de la región de cabeza y cuello se presenta con mayor frecuencia entre la quinta y sexta década de la vida generalmente atribuido al uso indiscriminado de substancias como el alcohol y el tabaco por un periodo de tiempo considerable. Sin embargo estudios recientes demuestran un incremento en la incidencia en pacientes jóvenes que nunca estuvieron expuestos a estos y a otros factores como riesgo ocupacional, predisposición genética, dieta. Se presenta 4 casos de carcinomas en cavidad bucal y revisión de la literatura.

Oral cavity cancer and head and neck region occurs most often between the fifth and sixth decade of life and is generally attributed to the indiscriminate use of substances such as alcohol and snuff for a period of time. However, recent studies show an increased incidence in younger patients who have never been exposed to these and other risk factors such as occupational factors, genetic predisposition, diet. Four cases of oral carcinoma are presented as well as a literature review.