A cross sectional study on social media usage and health status among under graduate medical students studying in Government medical college Telangana

Background: Today utilization of social media has become an integral part of young population. India is on the hike for development and internet has been the center point of that. Thus finding the current status is necessary.Methods: The design of the study was cross sectional observational study. Sample size of the study was 140 students from second year MBBS. The place of study was at Government Medical College, Telangana. The subject of the study was second year MBBS students. The study period was from November 2018 to January 2019. Study tool was standard social media addiction scale and a pre-tested semi structured questionnaire.Results: Total number of participants was 138. Amongst the social media users out of 136 about 88 (63.76%) students were found to be mild social media addict and about 50 (36.23%) students were found to be moderately social media addict. Most common physical symptom observed in social media users overall was disturbance in sleep, i.e., 13.2%.Conclusions: In today’s world were internet has become the basic need for growth of science and technology, it has also encroached on to the routine daily activity thus inhibiting the performance of the student by affecting him physically and psychologically.

Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among doctors in a tertiary care centre in north India

Background: Vitamin D is unique among vitamins as it can be synthesized from the action of ultra-violet radiation (UVR) upon the skin of human beings. This study was done to investigate the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among health care professionals.Methods: This was institution based study conducted over a period of two years at Govt. Medical College Hospital. The study was conducted on 200 healthy doctors working in different departments of Govt. Medical College and Associated Hospitals, Jammu for a period of two years. Data regarding demographic characteristics, lifestyle assessment, exposure to sunshine on workdays and weekends, type of clothing, use of sunscreen, subjective general health, dietary assessment and use of calcium or vitamin D supplements was collected using a structured questionnaire.Results: Mean value of age of study subjects was 26.18±2.09 years. Results showed that 50% were male and 50% were females. In this study, 65.50% of the study subjects were Hindu and 30% of study subjects were Muslim. Majority of the study subjects had exposure to sunlight for less than 20 minutes and only 10 out of 200 study subjects had exposure to sunlight for more than 30 minutes. In this study, 97% of the study subjects were vitamin D deficient and only 3% were vitamin D sufficient. Among 196 study subjects with vitamin D deficiency, severe deficiency was present in 30.41% (59 out of 194) of study subjects, moderate deficiency was present in 60.82% (118 out of 194) of study subjects and very few study subjects had mild vitamin D deficiency.Conclusions: Vitamin D deficiency is highly prevalent among healthy medical college students. Lack of awareness regarding importance of vitamin D requirement, inadequate exposure to sunlight, changes in lifestyle and food habits contribute to low vitamin D levels in young population.

Investigation of clinicopathological features and indication of endoscopic resection in young patients with intramucosal early gastric cancer / 中国肿瘤临床

Objective: To investigate clinicopathological features, risk of lymph node metastasis, and indications of endoscopic submu-cosal dissection (ESD) in young patients with intramucosal early gastric cancer (EGC). Methods: In total, 325 EGC patients who under-went radical gastrectomy and had complete clinicopathological data in Anhui Provincial Hospital from March 2009 to December 2016 were retrospectively evaluated. All patients were confirmed to have intramucosal cancer based on their postoperative pathology re-sults. The patients were assigned into two groups according to their age: young group (≤40 years) and old group (>40 years). The clini-copathological features and safety of ESD in the youth group were analyzed. Results: Among all patients with intramucosal EGC, 30 (9.2%) were in the youth group. Intramucosal cancer in the youth group occurred predominantly in women, and the pathological types were mainly undifferentiated and mixed, which were more likely to metastasize to the lymph nodes. In the youth group, EGC patients with intramucosal differentiated type, who had ESD indications, had no risk of lymph node metastasis. However, the rate of lymph node metastasis was up to 25% in intramucosal undifferentiated-type EGC patients who had expanded ESD indications. Conclusions:Young patients with intramucosal EGC have poor pathological differentiation and strong invasiveness, and ESD may be considered for the treatment of differentiated intramucosal cancer.

Dengue en México: incremento en la población juvenil durante la última década / Dengue in Mexico: Increase in the juvenile population during the last decade

El dengue es una de las principales enfermedades transmitidas por vector. En la última década se convirtió en uno de los problemas de salud pública más importantes de México y América Latina. En el continente americano el dengue es considerado predominantemente un padecimiento de adultos, lo cual contrasta con los reportes de países asiáticos que consideran el dengue como una enfermedad principalmente pediátrica. Durante la última década se ha reportado el incremento de dengue juvenil y pediátrico en varios países de América. En la presente revisión, elaborada a partir de datos publicados por la Secretaría de Salud, se analiza la tendencia de aumento en la incidencia de dengue en la población juvenil e infantil de México durante los últimos 10 años.

Dengue is one of the principal vector-transmitted diseases leading to important public health problems in Mexico and Latin America. On the American continent this disease has been reported mostly in adults, which contrasts with Asian countries where pediatric dengue is more prominent. During the last decade a shift towards pediatric dengue has been reported in various countries of the American continent. This review, elaborated from data published by the Mexican Ministry of Health, focuses on dengue in Mexico during the last three decades, showing that during the last decade dengue fever and dengue hemorrhagic fever has begun to shift towards a juvenile and pediatric population.

Suicidal characteristic-clusters for rural young victims aged 15-34 in three provinces, China:a case controlstudy / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To explore the categories on suicide and their characteristic-clusters among rural young people of Chinese aged 15-34 in three provinces to provide evidence for suicide prevention.Methods A total number of 392 suicidal deaths and 416 live controls sampled from 16 counties of Shandong,Liaoning,Hunan provinces in China,were included in this study.Psychological Autopsy and Classification Tree methods were employed.Two informants were interviewed to collect the information of each subject.Results Expectation on future,mental disease,seeking guidance and support were important factors for the classification of suicide among rural young population,and their scores of standardized importance were 100,97,91 and 76,respectively.Desperation ( including feeling about the future and expectation) seemed to be more important than mental disease,with 6-8 more scores on standardized importance.Five categories of rural young suicides were determined.Desperate people or patients with mental disease but with less desperation were the main two categories,accounting for 64.8％ and 11.8％ respectively.Sensitivity and specificity of this classification tree were 84.34％ and 92.08％,respectively.Conclusion For programs on suicide screening and prevention,evaluation on desperation seems more significant than screening on mental disease.

Velocidade da onda de pulso em adultos jovens acompanhados por 18 anos: impacto de variáveis pressóricas, antropométricas, metabólicas, inflamatórias e de função endotelial. Estudo do Rio de Janeiro / Pulse wave velocity in young adults followed for 18 years: variable impact of blood pressure, anthropometric, metabolic, inflammatory and endothelial function. Study of Rio de Janeiro

Fundamento: Dados sobre a avaliação não invasiva da rigidez vascular e suas relações com variáveis de risco cardiovascular são escassos em jovens. Objetivo: Avaliar a relação entre a velocidade de onda de pulso (VOP) e a pressão arterial (PA), variáveis antropométricas, metabólicas, inflamatórias e de disfunção endotelial em indivíduos adultos jovens. Método: Foram estudados 96 indivíduos (51 homens) do Estudo do Rio de Janeiro, em duas avaliações, A1 e A2, com intervalo de 17,69+-1,58 anos (16 a 21 anos). Em A1 foram avaliados em suas escolas (10-15 anos - média 12,42+-1,47 anos) e em A2 foram novamente avaliados em nível ambulatorial (26-35 anos - média 30,09+-1,92 anos). Em A1 foram obtidos pressão arterial (PA) e índice de massa corporal (IMC). Em A2 foram obtidos a velocidade da onda de pulso (VOP)-método Complior, PA, IMC, circunferência abdominal (CA), glicose, perfil lipídico, leptina, insulina, adiponectina, o índice de resistência à insulina HOMA-IR, proteína C-Reativa ultrassensivel (PCRus) e as moléculas de adesão E-selectina, Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1(VCAM-1) e Intercellular Achesion Molecule-1 (ICAM-1). Foram obtidos, ainda, a variação da PA e do IMC entre as 2 avaliações. Em A2 os indivíduos foram estratificados segundo o tercil da VOP para cada sexo. Resultados: 1) Os grupos foram constituídos da seguinte forma: Tercil 1:homens com VOP < 8,69 m/s e mulheres com VOP < 7,66 m/s; Tercil 2: homens com VOP >- 8,69 m/s e < 9,65m/s e mulheres com VOP >- 7,66 m/s e < 8,31 m/s; Tercil 3:homens com VOP >- 9,65 m/s e mulheres com VOP >- 8,31 m/s. 2) O grupo com maior tercil de VOP mostrou maiores médias de PA sistólica (PAS) (p=0,005), PA diastólica (PAD) (p=0,007), PA média (PAM) (p=0,004), variação da PAD (p=0,032), variação da PAM (p=0,003), IMC (p=0,046), variação do IMC (p=0,020), insulina (p=0,019), HOMAR-IR (p=0,021), E-selectina (p=0,032) e menores médias de adiponectina (p=0,016), além de maiores prevalências de diabetes ...

Background: Data on non-invasive evaluation of vascular stiffness in the young and its relationship with cardiovascular (CV) risk variables are scarce. Objective: To assess the relationship between pulse wave velocity (PWV) and blood pressure (BP), anthropometric, metabolic, inflammatory and endothelial dysfunction variables in young adults. Methods: Ninety-six individuals (51 males) from The Rio de Janeiro Study cohort were studied in two evaluations, A1 and A2, with and interval of 17.69 +- 1.58 years (16-21 years). In A1 they were evaluated at their schools (10-15 years - aerage 12.42 +- 1.47 years) and in A2 they were all re-evaluated as outpatients (26-35 years - average 30.09 +- 1.92 years). In A1 BP and body mass index (BMI) were obtained. In A2 pulse wave velocity (PWV) by Complior method, BP, BMI, waist circunference (WC), glucose, lipid profile, leptin, insulin, adiponectin, the HOMA-IR insulin resistance index, high sensitive C-Reactive protein (CRPhs) and E-selectin, Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule 1 (VCAM-1) and Intercellular Adhesion Molecule 1 (ICAM-1) adhesion molecules were obtained. The BP and BMI variation over the time interval between the two evaluations were also obtained. Subjects were stratified according to tertile of PWV for each sex in A2. Results: 1) The groups were constituted as follows: Tertile 1: males with PWV <8.69 m/s and females with PWV <7.66 m/s; Tertile 2: males with PWV >- 8.69 m/s and <9.65 m/s and females with PWV >- 7.66 m/s and <8.31 m/s; Tertile 3: males with PWV >- 9.65 m/s and females with PWV >- 8.31 m/s 2) The group with the highest PWV tertile showed higher values of systolic BP (SBP) (p=0.005), diastolic BP (DBP) (p=0.007), mean BP (MBP) (p=0.004), DBP variation (p=0.032), MBP variation (p=0.033), BMI (p=0.046), BMI variation (p=0.020), insulin (p=0.019), HOMA-IR (p=0.021), E-Selectin (p=0.032) and lower values of adiponectin (p=0.016), besides higher prevalence of diabetes mellitus/glucose intolerance ...

Comportamiento sexual de riesgo de infección por VIH/sida en estudiantes de primer año de medicina / HIV/AIDS infection and risky sexual behavior in 1st academic- year- medical students

Se realizó un estudio descriptivo de corte trasversal con el objetivo de describir algunos comportamientos de riesgo de infección por el VIH/sida en los estudiantes de la carrera de Medicina que ingresaron a primer año en el curso 2006/2007, en la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Pinar del Río. El universo estuvo constituido por 300 estudiantes. La información se obtuvo por una encuesta previamente diseñada y validada. Las variables fueron resumidas mediante frecuencias absolutas y relativas. Se concluye que la mayoría de los estudiantes de medicina estudiados tenían conductas sexuales de riesgo, teniendo en consideración el hecho de que comenzaron sus relaciones sexuales con penetración a edades tempranas y sin protección con condón. Las relaciones sexuales en los últimos 12 meses fueron con parejas estables, pero desprotegidas y el criterio personal de riesgo de infectarse por el VIH/sida era bajo o nulo.

A descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted with 1st academic year medical students (2006-2007), aimed at describing some risky sexual behaviors of HIV/AIDS infection at Medical University, Pinar del Rio. The target group was comprised of 300 students, collecting the information from a previous designed and validated survey along with the variables that were summed up by means of absolute and relative frequencies. The majority of the medical students included into the study showed unsafe sexual behaviors, considering the fact that they started their sexual relations with penetration at early ages without wearing condoms. The last 12 months they had sexual relations with stable couples but without protection, their personal opinion about the risk of unprotected sexual infection (HIV/AIDS) was so low or null.

Prevalence and impact of headache in undergraduate students in Southern Brazil / Prevalência e impacto da cefaléia em estudantes do sul do Brasil

OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence, characteristics and impact of headache among university students. METHOD: The criteria established by the International Headache Society were used to define the primary headache subtypes and the Migraine Disability Assessment Questionnaire (MIDAS), to assess the disability. The students were then grouped into six categories: [1] migraine; [2] probable migraine; [3] tension-type headache; [4] probable tension-type headache; [5] non-classifiable headache; [6] no headache. RESULTS: Of all undergraduate students interviewed, 74.5 percent had at least one headache episode in the last three months. Regarding disability, there was a significant difference between the headache types (p<0.0001). In the post-hoc analysis, migraine was the headache type with most reported disability. CONCLUSION: Headache is a highly prevalent condition among the students at the University of Caxias do Sul. This disease may have a major impact on the students' lives and in some cases, ultimately lead to educational failure.

OBJETIVO: Determinar a prevalência, características e impacto da cefaléia entre estudantes universitários. MÉTODO: Foram utilizados os critérios estabelecidos pela Sociedade Internacional de Cefaléia para definir os subtipos de cefaléia e o Migraine Disability Assessment Questionnaire (MIDAS), para avaliar a incapacidade associada. Os estudantes foram classificados em seis categorias: [1] migrânea; [2] provável migrânea; [4] cefaléia do tipo tensional; [4] provável cefaléia do tipo tensional; [5] cefaléia não classificável; [6] sem cefaléia. RESULTADOS: De todos os estudantes entrevistados, 74,5 por cento tiveram pelo menos um episódio de cefaléia nos últimos três meses. Em relação à incapacidade, foi encontrada uma diferença significativa entre os tipos de cefaléia (p<0,0001). Na análise post-hoc, a migrânea foi o tipo de cefaléia mais relacionada à incapacidade. CONCLUSÃO: A cefaléia é uma condição de grande prevalência entre estudantes da Universidade de Caxias do Sul. Esta doença pode ter um grande impacto na vida dos estudantes e, em alguns casos, levar a um pior desempenho acadêmico.