Effect of Covid-19 Pandemic on Formal Education of Primary School Children (6-11 Years) Studying in Selected Municipal Corporation Primary Schools of East Delhi

The sudden closure of schools in the Covid-19 pandemic has affected formal and informal education of the students especially belonging to socially disadvantaged groups. To explore the impact of this pandemic on the formal education of primary school children an online Google Meet Parent Teacher Meeting Survey was conducted after 16 months of school closure to learning pattern, reading material, reading frequency of Hindi and English, daily study, and its association with socio economic background. This web-based school study used descriptive design. A sample of parents of 400 students age group 6 to 11 years from fi ve selected schools of East Delhi Municipal Corporation available on Google Meet was selected through stratifi ed random sampling. Data was collected through a Structured Interview Schedule with closed ended multiple choice questions designed into Google doc forms and fi lled by researchers simultaneously during survey. Data was analysed using SPSS (26) software descriptive statistics. This study showed an increase in the variety of reading material availability for students as well as increased reading frequency per week of basic languages i.e., 33.8 percent to 90.3 percent for Hindi and 23 percent to 40.3 percent for English along with total study time per day, 39.2 percent to 78.6 percent. Further, guardian education and guardian income have a direct effect on reading frequency of primary school children and total study time during periods of lockdown. Parents'#39; engagement and sensitisation is required for problems faced by the students in adaptation to online education to reduce learning gap and improve outcomes of teaching-learning process due to lockdown and sudden school closure. Reading material can be provided to students to sustain their interest and reading ability during Covid-19 pandemic

Investigation and analysis of the needs of young students for popularizing science about nuclear and radiation / 中华放射医学与防护杂志

Objective:To be aware of the needs of the young students for nuclear and radiation science popularization, and to provide scientific basis for accurate science popularization.Methods:A simple random sampling method was used to select 1 primary school, 5 middle schools and 2 universities in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region in December 2020. Questionnaires were distributed through teachers. In addition, convenience sampling method was used to distribute questionnaires in friend circle and other areas to expand the survey scope, with a total of 1 345 respondents. SPSS was used to conduct statistical analysis on the basic information of the respondents, the understanding and concern of nuclear and radiation science popularization and the demand for nuclear and radiation science popularization.Results:A total of 1 120 valid questionnaires were collected, of which 52.4% mainly remained at the conceptual level for the cognition of radiation, 52.2% occasionally paid attention to nuclear and radiation science popularization, 65.3% and 41.3% paid attention to life reference and hobbies, respectively. Radiation protection and its sources and effects received high concern, accounting for 72.6% and 68.3% respectively. Illustration and short video were popular science forms of young students, making up 45.7% and 44.3%, respectively. The students of different genders differed in radiation cognition, degree of concern, purpose of concern and content demand for radiation protection science popularization, and the differences are statistically significant( χ2=10.017, 26.859, 56.237, 17.305, P<0.05). Conclusions:Nuclear and radiation science popularization should consistent with the law of public demand, accurately locate the demand characteristics of young students, and consider the characteristics of different genders, concerns over radiation protection, treatment and damage knowledge from the point of life and fun, so as to improve the public′s attention, enhance the national nuclear science culture, and create a good nuclear safety culture atmosphere.

Calidad de vida relacionada con la salud en población víctima del conflicto armado en Colombia / Quality of life related to health in the population victims of the armed conflict in Colombia

Resumen Este artículo describió la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud en población víctima del conflicto armado colombiano. El estudio fue de tipo cuantitativo, descriptivo y transversal, con un diseño no experimental. La muestra estuvo constituida por 265 personas, a las cuales se les aplicó una ficha de datos sociodemográficos y el cuestionario SF-36. Los resultados muestran que el tipo de hecho victimizante que más se presenta es el desplazamiento forzado con un 96,6 %; la mayoría de las víctimas son mujeres, con un 72,1 %, las cuales tienen una menor percepción de calidad de vida en salud en comparación con los hombres. En general, los participantes presentan una baja percepción en la dimensión del rol emocional, mientras que se tiene una buena percepción en la dimensión relacionada con la función social. Los resultados sugieren realizar nuevas investigaciones para profundizar la relación existe entre el rol emocional y la función social, y se diferencie entre población clínica y no clínica.

Abstract In the present research the quality of life related to health was described in population victims of the Colombian armed conflict. The study was of quantitative,descriptive and transversal type, with a non-experimental design. The sample consisted of 265 people, who were given a socio-demographic data sheet and the SF-36 Questionnaire. The results show that the type of victimization that presents the most is forced displacement with 96.6% and there is a high score in lathes to Quality of Life related to the social function dimension. The results suggest establishing the relationship between emotional role and social function and the differentiation between clinical and nonclinical populations in future studies.

Funciones frontales, condiciones laborales y estrés laboral: ¿mediación, moderación o efecto? / Frontal functions, working conditions and work stress: Mediation or moderation effect? A narrative review

Resumen El objetivo de este estudio fue revisar las evidencias sobre el papel de las funciones frontales en la relación entre la condición laboral y el estrés laboral, para lo cual se eligieron los artículos publicados en bases de datos como Scielo, PubMed, Redalyc y Science Direct. La revisión permitió reconocer que las condiciones laborales con mayor riesgo laboral están relacionadas con la organización específicamente con el cargo y las prácticas de gestión humana. Asimismo, se resalta el papel moderador de las características personales y estrategias de afrontamiento en la respuesta al estrés. Con respecto a las funciones frontales, algunos estudios muestran el efecto negativo del estrés sobre estos procesos o como funciones que participan en la respuesta adaptativa al estrés. Finalmente, se evidencian estudios que identifican una relación negativa entre trastornos de personalidad y funciones frontales frente a la percepción de amenaza en algunos de los casos.

Abstract The objective of the present study was to review the evidence on the role of frontal functions in the relationship between work condition and work stress. Articles published in databases such as Scielo, PubMed, Redalyc and Science Direct were chosen. The review allowed to recognize that the labor conditions with greater occupational risk are related to the organization specifically with the position and practices of human management. The role of moderator of personal characteristics and coping strategies in the stress response is also highlighted. With respect to the frontal functions some studies show the negative effect of stress on these processes or as functions that participate in the adaptive response to stress. To conclude, there are studies that identify a negative relationship between personality disorders and frontal functions in relation to perceived threat in some cases.

Relación entre percepción del riesgo, estrés y afrontamiento a riesgos extremos en una comunidad estudiantil ubicada en una zona de amenaza volcánica / Relationship between risk perception, stress and coping to extreme risks in a student community located in a volcanic threat zone

Resumen Este artículo tuvo como objetivo determinar el grado de correlación entre las variables de percepción del riesgo volcánico, estrés y afrontamiento a riesgos extremos en estudiantes de una institución educativa ubicada en una zona de amenaza volcánica. Se utilizó un método de tipo descriptivo-correlacional y se aplicaron los instrumentos afrontamiento a riesgos extremos, percepción del riesgo y escala tolousana de estrés. Se observa que en general los diferentes factores de la prueba de estrés se correlacionan con afrontamiento pasivo, activo y sentimientos de inseguridad. En la prueba de percepción del riesgo, el factor de sentimiento de inseguridad presenta correlación con afrontamiento, activo y pasivo, mientras que el sentimiento de control solo con el factor de afrontamiento activo.

Abstract The research aimed to determine the degree of correlation between the variables: perception of volcanic risk, stress and coping to extreme risks in students of an educational institution. A descriptive-correlational method was used, and the instruments that were applied: Coping to Extreme Risks, Risk Perception and Tolousana Stress Scale. It is observed that the different factors of the stress test are correlated with passive, active coping and feelings of insecurity. In the risk perception test, the feeling of insecurity are correlated with coping active and passive, while the feeling of control, only are correlated with the active coping.

Estructura familiar, ideación suicida y desesperanza en el adolescente / Family typology, hopelessness and suicidal ideation in the adolescent

Resumen El objetivo de este artículo es identificar la estructura familiar del adolescente y su relación con la ideación suicida, asimismo, identificar el nivel de desesperanza y compararla por sexo. Se realizó un estudio cuantitativo transversal en 185 alumnos entre 12 y 15 años que se encuentran en una secundaria considerada de riesgo. Se exploraron tres dimensiones: estructura familiar, percepción sobre la ideación suicida, y la escala de desesperanza de Beck. Los resultados indican que los hombres presentan diferencias significativas en el nivel de desesperanza reportado (.009): la relación con el padre se asocia con el pensamiento suicida (r=.303, p£.010) y la relación con la madre en ver el suicidio como una salida a los problemas del adolescente (r=.234, p£.010). Se concluye que la estructura familiar del adolescente y factores de riesgo como antecedentes de violencia, consumo de alcohol y drogas en la familia se relaciona con los pensamientos suicidas. Se sugiere realizar estudios en profundidad en esta población e incluir variables como pertenecer a pandillas, involucrarse en peleas, nivel educativo de los padres, así como el soporte social percibido para relacionarlo con el nivel de desesperanza y la ideación suicida.

Abstract The increase in suicidal behavior in adolescents at this time has directed attention to factors that can change young people's behavior and thus influencing suicidal tendencies. The objective is to identify the family structure of the adolescent, and its relationship in suicidal ideation, its causes and consequences, also identify the level of hopelessness and comparison by gender. A quantitative transverse study was conducted in 185 students in a high-risk secondary school. Three dimensions were explored, family structure, perception of suicidal ideation: Causes and consequences, and Beck's scale of hopelessness. The results indicate that men have significant differences in the level of hopelessness reported, the relationship with the father is associated with suicidal thinking and the relationship with the mother in seeing suicide as an outlet to the problems of the teenager. It is suggested to conduct studies at a greater depth in this population, and include variables Like gang membership, engaging in fights, parental education level and drug use, as well as perceived social support to relate the level of hopelessness to these risk factors.

Burlar el miedo, juntando narices rojas: papel del arte clown en la transformación del miedo colectivo / Mocking fear: gathering red noses. The role of clown art in the transformation of collective fear

Resumen Este artículo, expone los hallazgos de una investigación que tuvo como objetivo comprender los modos como las acciones estético-políticas del arte clown constituyen condiciones que agencian, por un lado, la transformación del miedo político asociado a contextos bajo lógicas de poder y amenaza; y por otro, la emergencia de otros sentimientos políticos con y desde los cuales pueden resistir a las lógicas militaristas y guerreristas. Se orienta teóricamente por una psicología colectiva que se privilegia como como objeto la situación cargada de emociones y la construcción de realidades entre los actores, implicados en situaciones psico-políticas. Se siguió un enfoque interpretativo con diseño cualitativo, con método fenomenológico hermenéutico. La muestra intencional se constituyó por un grupo de payasos que conforman un colectivo antimilitarista de la ciudad de Medellín. Se emplearon observaciones de campo, entrevistas grupales en varias sesiones y entrevistas individuales para focalizar en aspectos. Los principales hallazgos de la investigación sugieren que el miedo bien puede inhibir la acción política o potenciarla, en función de si se vive de manera individualizada o si se hace objeto común en una colectividad. No obstante, la burla y la ironía combaten esas sensaciones colectivas y las transforman hacia adentro y en los contextos de participación política.

Abstract We show the findings of an investigation that aimed to understand the way the political- aesthetic art of the Clown, make actions towards the transformation of political fear associated with contexts under the logic of power and threat, the same actions are also oriented to make possible the construction of other political sentiments that make resistance the warmongering logic. We followed an interpretive approach with qualitative design, with a hermeneutic phenomenological research method. The main findings of the research suggest that fear can inhibit the political action or empower it, depending on whether you live individually, or if it becomes common object within a community.

Encuentros con la diferencia: la pluralidad en las experiencias de jóvenes universitarios / Encounters with the difference: the plurality in the experiences of university students

Resumen Este artículo se desprende de la tesis "Relaciones sociales en la universidad: poder, conflicto y pluralidad entre jóvenes", presentada por la autora, Ana María Arias Cardona, como requisito para optar al título de Doctora en Ciencias Sociales: Niñez y Juventud, en el Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Niñez y Juventud de la Universidad De Manizales-CINDE, la cual se centra en universitarios y analiza formas simbólicas de exclusión. Se enfoca en la categoría "pluralidad", cuyo objetivo es comprender cómo configuran los jóvenes su encuentro con la diferencia, cómo afrontan la diversidad en sus relaciones. El diseño es cualitativo, el método hermenéutico y las técnicas empleadas talleres y entrevistas. Participaron 119 jóvenes de dos universidades públicas y dos privadas de Antioquia (Colombia). Los resultados se agrupan en tres subcategorías: "Todos somos 'el otro' del otro: la diferencia como déficit"; "Preferir no es excluir: ¿optar por unos sin vulnerar a otros?"; y "Procesos de inclusión que evidencian movilizaciones solidarias". Esto permite concluir que la diversidad se lee como algo negativo, y que es difuso el límite respecto a la discriminación, pues dichos actos se han "naturalizado".

Abstract This article summarizes the highlights of a thesis that analyses the symbolic ways of exclusion among university students. It focuses on the "plurality" category which objective was to understand how young frame their encounter with difference, how they confront diversity in their relationships. The design was qualitative, the hermeneutical method was used along with workshops and interviews techniques. 119 young people participated, from two public university and two private university in Antioquia (Colombia). The results are grouped into three subcategories: "We are all 'the other of the other: difference as deficit"; "To prefer is not to exclude: How to opt for certain ones without harming others?" and inclusion processes that show solidary mobilizations: which allows to conclude that diversity is read as something negative, that the limit regarding discrimination is diffuse and such, since those acts have been "naturalized".

An Analysis of Primary Hypertension Epidemiology and Related Pathogenic Factors in Young Students / 昆明医科大学学报

Objective To carry out the investigation of common susceptibility factors of primary hypertension in young people,and to find the pathogenic factors of primary hypertension. Methods 354 cases of young patients with essential hypertension were selected from 7360 young students in School of CAPF Frontier Guards Force and compared to 115 young healthy students at the same age. Results The incidence of primary hypertension is increasing year by year. More common risk factors are seen among students with hypertension compared to those of the control group. Conclusion Risk factors of primary hypertension are commonly seen among young students in School of CAPF Frontier Guards Force. It is necessary to prevent the risk factors, apply the targeted intervention and improve the management and issue a plan for prevention and control of high blood pressure.

Evaluation of Intervention on AIDS High-risk Sexual Behavior among Young Students in Jilin MSM Population / 华中科技大学学报(医学版)

Objective To evaluate effect of intervention on acquired immune deficiency syndrome(AIDS) high-risk sexual behavior of males who have sex with males(MSM)population in Jilin,and to provide a basis for establishing apropriate intervention strategy for this population.Methods A cross-sectional survey was carried out on the MSM population of young students with the method of classification.Comprehensive intervention strategy included health education via new media,behavioral intervention,voluntary conseling and testing,peer education,condom promotion and standardized services for clinic of sexually transmitted diseases(STDs)and other comprehensive interventions.Before and after intervention,300 MSM were enrolled,and their demographic characteristics,knowledge of AIDS prevention and control,high risk behaviors and intervention measures were investigated and analyzed.Results Before and after the intervention,the awareness rate of AIDS related knowledge was 67.67％ and 94.33％,respectively,the condom usage rate was 23.57％ and 11.79％ in the most recent and the last 6 months before the intervention,and it was 76.21％ and 62.10 ％ after the intervention,respectively.The proportion for those who used condom every time in heterosexual sex behavior was increased from 23.53％ (before intervention) to 69.60 ％ (after intervention),and the condom usage rate in the last 6 months was increased from 15.44％ to 66.40％.Proportion of the MSM who had STDs related symptoms was decreased from 21.33％ to 7.67％ after the intervention.Conclusion After the comprehensive intervention,the awareness rate of AIDS related knowledge among MSM in Jilin is significantly increased,the incidence of highrisk sexual behavior is decreased and the condom usage rate is improved.Intervention by use of new media is low-cost,easy to operate,and can be used as a good supplementary strategy for traditional behavioral intervention.

Projetos profissionais de estudantes de um curso técnico em agropecuária / Proyectos profesionales de jóvenes estudiantes de un curso técnico de agropecuária / Professional projects of the students of an agriculture technical course

Resumo O artigo apresenta a análise dos projetos profissionais de jovens estudantes de um curso técnico em agropecuária na interface com a produção de subjetividades, relações de gênero e reprodução da agricultura familiar. A pesquisa foi realizada no período de agosto de 2013 a julho de 2014, em um campus do Instituto Federal Catarinense. Os procedimentos analíticos foram quantitativos e qualitativos. As informações foram obtidas por meio de um questionário e os sujeitos foram jovens estudantes de um curso técnico em agropecuária. Na escolha pelo curso técnico, destacam-se a identificação com o rural e atividades agropecuárias, a qualidade da formação técnica oferecida pela escola e demandas socioeconômicas rurais.

Resumen El artículo presenta un análisis de los proyectos profesionales de jóvenes estudiantes de un curso técnico de agropecuaria en su interfaz con la producción de subjetividades, las relaciones de género y la reproducción de la agricultura familiar. La encuesta se ha realizado entre agosto 2013 y julio 2014, en el campus del Instituto Federal de Santa Catarina. Los procedimientos analíticos han sido cuantitativos y cualitativos. La información se obtuvo a través de un cuestionario y los sujetos eran jóvenes estudiantes de un curso técnico de agropecuaria. En la elección de esta carrera técnica se destacan la identificación con las actividades rurales y agrícolas, la calidad de la formación técnica ofrecida por la escuela y demandas socioeconómicas rurales.

Abstract This article presents the analysis of professional projects of young students of a technical course in agriculture on the interface with the production of subjectivities, gender relations and reproduction of family farming. The survey was conducted from August 2013 to July 2014, in a campus of the Federal Institute of Santa Catarina. Analytical procedures were quantitative and qualitative. Information was obtained through a questionnaire and the subjects were young students of a technical course in agriculture. In the analysis, when it came to the choosing of the technical course what stood out was the individual's identification with the rural and agricultural activities, the quality of technical formation offered by the school and rural socioeconomic demands.

HIV/AIDS epidemic situation and data analysis among young students from 2006-2009 in China / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To analyze the HIV/AIDS epidemic situation and related behavioral components among young students in the last years and to provide information for integrated control and prevention programs. Methods Data on young students (1 5-24 years) through case reporting system was collected from 2006 to 2009 and continuous sentinel surveillance data regarding 6 national sentinel sites carried out from 2006 to 2009 was also collected. The sentinel sites would include universities, junior college and secondary vocational colleges registered students, using cluster sampling phases method. Self-administered questionnaire survey and blood (HIV antibody testing and syphilis antibody testing) tests were carried out, with the sample size was about 800 cases per site per year. Results The number of case report on HIV/AIDS among the young students of 15-24 years age group had been rising. Similar trend was also observed on the number of reported cases over the years, accounting for the proportions of the total number of reported cases, as 0.39%, 0.50%, 0.83%and 1.02% respectively from 2006 to 2009. Sexual contacts continued to be the major route of transmission, with the increasing proportion of homosexual transmission. In the 6 national sentinel sites of young students which continuous surveillance was conducted during the period from 2006 to 2009, data showed the following facts as: proportion (median) of objects who admmited to have had sex, were: 4.3%, 4.5 % and 6.1%, proportions (median) of commercial sex occurred in the past year were: 0.3%, 0.2% and 0.3%; proportions (median) of MSM occurred in the past year were: 0.7%,0.2% and 0.2%; median of HIV antibody positive rate and syphilis antibody positive rate were 0%;median of awareness rate on HIV/AIDS were: 49.0%, 75.0% and 80.5%; proportion (median) of monitor objects who received intervention services in the past year were: 44.2%, 54.3% and 50.2% respectively. Conclusion In recent years, the HIV / AIDS number through case reporting system on the young students under 15-24 years age group, was increasing, but the HIV prevalence among young students was still relatively low, in general. The main transmission was sexual. Some young students had been engaged in commercial sex and MSM activities. Health education should be strengthened to increase the awareness of young students on AIDS/STD prevention. It is necessary to take more effective intervention measures to decrease new infection and control HIV/AIDS epidemic among young students.

The Relationship between Internet Addiction and Behavior Type A of Young Students / 中国慢性病预防与控制

Objective To evaluate the relationship between Internet addiction disorder(IAD),Internet addiction tendency(IAT) and behavior type A of young students aged ≥16 years in urban districts,Tianjin.Based on the result,the intervention resolution suggestion was put forward.Methods 4 484students(male2 331,female2 153) anonymously completed the Questionnaire on Situation of Internet Using of Students compiled for this study and the Questionnaire on types of Northern Chinese adult's Behavior.All data was recorded with the evaluating system for adolescent Internet addiction.Result There are 306(6.82%) cases of IAD and 600(13.83%) of IAT among the students.The screened positive rate in boys was 9.87% for IAD and 15.66% for IAT,which significantly higher than those in girls(3.53%,10.92%).The rates in students with behavior type A and type M were the same but significantly higher than that in students with behavior type B.After weighing cases by power on learning stage and sex,the results showed the prevalent rates of IAD and IAT in students with behavior type A and type sub-A were significantly higher than those in students with behavior type M,type sub-B and type B.After weighing cases by power only on learning stage,the positive rates of IAD were higher in students with behavior type A(8.87% in high school students,11.11% in college students) than those in students with type M(7.77%,7.81%) and type B(4.35%,4.44%).Conclusions The results show a significant relationship between IA and behavior type A in students.It should be strengthened to take psychological intervention for young students,especially for students with high risk of IA and IAT in senior high schools.