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Ophthalmology is a field that is now seeing the integration of robotics in its surgical procedures and interventions. Assistance facilitated by robots offers substantial improvements in terms of movement control, tremor cancellation, enhanced visualization, and distance sensing. Robotic technology has only recently been integrated into ophthalmology; hence, the progression is only in its initial stages. Robotic technologies such as da Vinci Surgical System are integrated into the field of ophthalmology and are assisting surgeons in complex eye surgeries. Ophthalmic surgeries require high accuracy and precision to execute tissue manipulation, and some complex ocular surgery may take few hours to complete the procedures that may predispose high-volume ophthalmic surgeons to work-related musculoskeletal disorders. A complete paradigm shift has been achieved in this particular field through the integration of advanced robotic technology, resulting in easier and more efficient procedures. Where robotic technology assists the surgeons and improves the overall quality of care, it also projects several challenges including limited availability, training, and the high cost of the robotic system. Although considerable studies and trials have been conducted for various robotic systems, only a few of them have made it to the commercial stage and ophthalmology, on its own, has a long way to go in robotics technology.
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Objective To explore the clinical characteristics of patients during recovery period in low flow and circulation closed pattern anesthesia by ZEUS with isoflurane.Methods During elective gynecologic surgery,35 ASA Ⅰ or Ⅱ patients were anesthetized with isoflurane under general anesthesia with tracheal intubation.The ventilation was used with the closed circuit breathing mode (Autocontrol) of ZEUS anesthesia machine.The time of inhale drug,exhale drug and eyes-opend,consumption of drug and complication were recorded during the process.The values of NT stage (NTS),NT index (NTI),the final endexpiratory concentration of isoflurane (EXP),MAC and hemodynamic parameters were recorded during the time of isoflurane stopping inhale,recovery of spontaneous respiration,eyes opening.Results The values of NTI (50±7,74±12,86±10,t =-9.382,t =-16.682,P ＜ 0.01),the EXP [(0.9±0.0)％,(0.1±0.1)％,0,z =-7.262,z =-7.835],MAC [(1.2±0.1)％,(0.2±0.2)％,0,z =-7.186,z =-7.728,P ＜ 0.01] and hemodynamic parameters (SBP,DBP,MAP,HR) [(108.1±13.4) mm Hg (1 mm Hg =0.133 kPa),(66.3±12.1) mm Hg,(84.3± 12.5) mm Hg,(69.8±12.5) /min and (124.6±17.9) mm Hg,(75.7±14.5) mm Hg,(96.0±14.6) mm Hg,(82.8±15.0)/min and (128.0±16.3) mm Hg,(77.1±15.0) mm Hg,(99.8±15.3) mm Hg,(85.2±18.5) bpm] (t =-4.365,t =-2.951,t =-3.574,t =-3.921; t =-5.554,t =-3.309,t =-4.642,t =-4.085,P ＜0.01) during the time of recovery of spontaneous respiration and tracheal extubation were statistically significant compared to the time of isoflurane stopping (P＜ 0.01).None of patients experienced intraoperative was awareness.Conclusion Isoflurane can be used for closed circuit breathing mode of ZEUS anesthesia machine,but consciousness recovery need a long time.
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0.05). In both RLC and CLC Group, postoperative levels of CRP, IL-1, IL-6, and TNF were significantly elevated as compared with preoperative levels (P