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Objective To study the medication law of Professor Zhang Yunling in the treatment of headache based on data mining technology;To provide ideas for the clinical treatment of headache.Methods Professor Zhang Yunling's outpatient TCM prescription data for the treatment of headache from Sep.2017 to Dec.2020 were collected,and the Ancient and Modern Medical Record Cloud Platform 2.3.5 was used to mine the selected TCM prescriptions for herbal medicine frequency statistics,property,taste and meridian tropism statistics,herbal medicine efficacy statistics,correlation analysis,clustering analysis,complex network analysis,etc.Results Through collection and screening,totally 332 prescriptions were included,involving 178 kinds of Chinese materia medica,with a total frequency of 5 380 times.The top 10 kinds of Chinese materia medica were Chuanxiaong Rhizoma,Paeoniae Radix alba,Atractyodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma,Testudinis Carapax et Plastrum,Bambusae Caulis in Taenia,Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma,Astragali Radix,Amomi Fructus Rotundus,Pinelliae Rhizoma Praeparatum,and Polygalae Radix.They were mainly warm,mild and slightly cold in properties,sweet,pungent and bitter in tastes,and liver,lung,spleen meridian in meridian tropism.In the statistics of herbal medicine efficacy,expelling wind and relieving pain,suppressing liver yang,promoting blood circulation and qi,clearing heart and relieving restlessness,clearing heat and detoxifying,softening liver and relieving pain were used more frequently.The combinations in herbal medicines association included"Atractyodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma-Chuanxiaong Rhizoma","Testudinis Carapax et Plastrum-Paeoniae Radix alba","Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma-Paeoniae Radix alba","Testudinis Carapax et Plastrum-Chuanxiaong Rhizoma","Bambusae Caulis in Taenia-Chuanxiaong Rhizoma".Herbal medicines clustering clustered 32 kinds of high-frequency herbal medicines used more than 60 times into 6 categories.Complex network analysis screened out the core formula for the treatment of headache:Chuanxiaong Rhizoma,Paeoniae Radix alba,Atractyodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma,Bambusae Caulis in Taenia,Pinelliae Rhizoma Praeparatum,Testudinis Carapax et Plastrum,Astragali Radix,Amomi Fructus Rotundus,and Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma.Conclusion In the treatment of headache,Professor Zhang Yunling holds that the pathogenesis of headache is deficiency in origin and excess in superficiality,deficiency of qi and blood,loss of nourishment of brain collaterals,stagnation of phlegm and dampness,disturbance of wind pathogen,obstruction of brain collaterals,and the location of the disease is related to the five viscera and involves the stomach.Focuses on tonifying deficiency and reducing excess,treats exterior and interior separately,and gives consideration to both the symptoms and the root causes,which often uses drugs to treat headache,such as dispelling wind and relieving pain,promoting blood circulation and relieving pain,relieving spasm and relieving pains,eliminating phlegm and dampness,invigorating qi and spleen,nourishing blood and yin,eliminating dampness and regulating stomach,relieving depression and restlessness,which can provide some reference for the clinical treatment of headache.
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[Objective]To explore the influence of WANG Yangming's theory of mind in the Ming Dynasty on ZHANG Jingyue's thought of treating depression.[Methods]With the help of historical literature research methods of distinguishing academic chapters and examining the origin and development of mirror studies,this study aims to sort out ZHANG Jingyue's grand perspective based on the ontology,physical application,and cultivation of Yangming's theory of mind,establishes a new theory of traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of depression,and elucidates the inheritance and development of ZHANG Jingyue's thought of treating depression on Yangming's theory of mind.[Results]The core issues of Yangming's theory of mind were the relationship between human mind and emotions,as well as the relationship between emotion and mood.ZHANG Jingyue established a theory of depression diagnosis and treatment that combined emotion and mood,illness due to depression,discussed depression from deficiency,and treated depression through knowledge and action,reflecting his medical thinking's inheritance and development of Yangming's theory of mind.[Conclusion]Based on the analysis of the origin and development of Yangming's theory of mind,it can be concluded that ZHANG Jingyue's thought of treating depression inherits and exerts the profound meaning of Yangming's theory of mind,develops and constructs a highly innovative theory for the diagnosis and treatment of depression in traditional Chinese medicine,and analyzes his thought of treating depression under the approach of Yangming's theory of mind,which is beneficial for the diagnosis and treatment of depression in traditional Chinese medicine.
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[Objective]To explore the inheritance thread of ZHANG's orthopedics department of Zhejiang school of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)and the origin of the thought of"harmony",to sum up its academic characteristics,and enrich and develop the theoretical connotation of ZHANG's orthopedics department.[Methods]Through visiting the descendants and inheritors of ZHANG's orthopedics department,collecting and sorting out the existing manuscripts,case examination and other documents,consulting the ancient relevant orthopedic books,and summarizing their academic thoughts and characteristics.[Results]ZHANG's orthopedics department inherits the essence of Taoist culture,absorbs the essence of Confucian thought,inherits the essential technique of Buddhist bone-setting,relays the specialty of folk therapy,combines the technology of modern medicine,dedicates 200 years to medicine and inherits the feelings of helping the world.It has formed an academic school of orthopedics of TCM with the thought of"harmony"as the core,and featured with the theoretical system of holistic syndrome differentiation and comprehensive therapy,Qi and blood regulation,mutual use of muscles and bones,static and dynamic complementation,combination of prevention and treatment,and integration of form and spirit.[Conclusion]ZHANG's orthopedics department has learned from others,maintained the right path and innovation,laid equal emphasis on both Chinese and western.It has formed a complete and unique theoretical system of"harmony",which is of great significance to enrich the academic connotation of the orthopedics school of Zhejiang TCM and promote the cultural construction of"harmony"of the Chinese nation.
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[Objective]To sort out and summarize the theory of nourishing Yin of ZHU Danxi and ZHANG Jingyue,and discuss the similarities and differences of two doctors'understanding of Yin deficiency and the treatment method of nourishing Yin.[Methods]Through the research method of documentics,this paper carefully studies the contents related to"Yin deficiency"in the major works of ZHU Danxi and ZHANG Jingyue,as well as relevant literature reports and analyzes the similarities and differences of the theory of nourishing Yin,classification of Yin deficiency and the treatment method of nourishing Yin between them.[Results]ZHU Danxi's treatment of Yin deficiency syndrome was based on the theory of"an excess of Yang with deficiency of Yin""ministerial fire(Xianghuo)".He took the hyperactivity of ministerial fire as the main pathogenesis of Yin deficiency syndrome.In the treatment method,he paid attention to reducing fire,and made good use of the bitter and cold products such as Anemarrhenae Rhizoma(Zhimu)and Cortex Phellodendri(Huangbai),and paid equal attention to nourishing Yin and reducing fire.ZHANG Jingyue,on the basis of the theory that"Yin and Yang are one"and"true Yin was the foundation of Yang Qi",believed that the deficiency of true Yin can lead to Yin deficiency and Yang deficiency,and proposed that Yin deficiency had two aspects:water deficiency in Yin and fire deficiency in Yin.In the treatment method,nourishing true Yin by the sweet and warm medicines such as Radix Rehmanniae Preparata(Shudihuang)was emphasized,and Yin Yang mutual aid was advocated.[Conclusion]Whether it is the thought of nourishing Yin or the specific treatment and prescription,ZHANG Jingyue inherited and made a breakthrough on ZHU Danxi.He further improved the theory of nourishing Yin and the theory of warm-recuperation in traditional Chinese medicine,and created a series of prescriptions based on nourishing true Yin.It is of great significance to study the similarities and differences of their thought,theory,clinical symptoms and treatment for sorting out the development context of the treatment method of nourishing Yin.
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[Objective]To introduce the clinical experience of Director ZHANG Guoliang,a famous and highly-experienced traditional Chinese medicine practitioner,in treating cough in convalescent period of Corona Virus Disease 2019(COVID-19)with exterior and interior differentiation therapy.[Methods]Based on the relevant discussions on epidemic diseases and coughs by doctors of all ages and the experience of more than 300 COVID-19 patients treated by Director ZHANG himself,the understanding of Director ZHANG on the etiology and pathogenesis of cough in convalescent period of COVID-19 was expounded,and his experience in treating cough in convalescent period of COVID-19 with exterior and interior differentiation therapy was summarized,and a typical case was interpreted.[Results]Director ZHANG believes that treatment of cough in convalescent period of COVID-19 should start from the disease location.The disease is located in the nose and pharynx,and the exterior treatment method is adopted,focusing on ventilating the lung and dissolving phlegm,dispelling wind and relieving cough.In clinical practice,a combination of Banxia Houpu Decoction and Zhisou Powder is commonly used,added or subtracted according to the symptoms.The disease is located in the trachea and lungs,and the interior treatment method is adopted,and the phlegm turbidity(phlegm heat)accumulation in lung syndrome focuses on clearing the lungs and dissolving phlegm,relieving cough and asthma,added or subtracted Maxing Shigan Decoction,Qianjin Weijing Decoction combined with Tingli Dazao Xiefei Decoction are often used.Qi and Yin deficiency syndrome should clear the lungs and dissolve phlegm,invigorate Qi and nourish Yin,generally use added or subtracted Zhuye Shigao Decoction combined with Shengmai Drink.The medical case attached belonged to the phlegm and pharyngeal syndrome,Director ZHANG first treated with ventilating the lung and resolving phlegm,dispelling wind and relieving cough,then strengthening the spleen and invigorating Qi,drying dampness and resolving phlegm,and finally achieved good results.[Conclusion]Director ZHANG's unique opinion and clinical experience in the treatment of cough in convalescent period of COVID-19 with exterior and interior differentiation therapy are worth learning and promoting.
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This article systematically described the background of the construction of Professor ZHANG Yonghua's theory of emotion-mind pattern identification， the theoretical basis and the ideas of pattern identification and treatment， and its application. The theory is guided by the concept of the unity of body and spirit， focusing on individual endowment and the characteristics of the seven emotions and five minds of the individual， especially the "vexation， constraint， consideration， frightening and sorrow" emotional symptoms， and adherence to the three core disease mechanism "qi， phlegm， fire"， then prescribed based on the patterns， which is suitable for treatment of emotion-mind diseases and related symptoms. For those with "fire" as the main disease mechanism， identify the manifestation of their emotion and mind： patients with impatience， violent rage mostly belong to excess fire， treated with Zhizi Chi Decoction （栀子豉汤）， Longdan Xiegan Decoction （龙胆泻肝汤）； patients with vexation， easy to anger， mostly belong to deficiency fire， treated with Huanglian Ejiao Decoction （黄连阿胶汤）； patients with vexation， constraint anger， mostly belong to constraint fire， treated with Danzhi Xiaoyao Powder （丹栀逍遥散）， Qinlian Wendan Decoction （芩连温胆汤）； patients with overjoy， usually due to exuberance of heart fire， or phlegm clouding the pericardium， treated with Wendan Decoction （温胆汤）， or Diankuang Mengxing Decoction （癫狂梦醒汤）. For those with "phlegm" as the main disease mechanism， accompanied by excessive consideration and thinking， treated with Wendan Decoction. For those with "qi" as the main disease mechanism， Ganmai Dazao Decoction （甘麦大枣汤） is the main treatment for shorter duration of disease， while Banxia Houpo Decoction （半夏厚朴汤） is the main treatment for longer duration of disease.
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The theory of "supplementation/drainage for bitter-desire of the five viscera" originated from Elementary Questions （《素问》）， which is an important origin of the theory of supplementation and drainage prescription. By exploring the connotation of the theory of "supplementation/drainage for bitter-desire of the five viscera"， and adopting the archaeological method of literature research， we collected the relevant writings on the theory of "supplementation/drainage for bitter-desire of the five viscera" by the representative physicians of Yishui school， such as ZHANG Yuansu， LI Gao， WANG Haogu， LUO Tianyi， LI Zhongzi， etc.， combed through the inheritance and development of this theory， and explored the contribution of Yishui school on this. It was found that all the physicians of Yishui school， on the basis of inheriting the theory of "supplementation/drainage for bitter-desire of the five viscera"， combined with their own clinical practice to develop this theory， and promoted the application and development of this theory in clinic， such as ZHANG Yuansu's theories of cold-heat deficiency-excess in viscera and bowels， and the theory of viscera and bowels prescription， and LI Gao's theory of ascending and descending， floating and sinking， supplementing and draining in visceral qi， and other academic thoughts rooted in the theory of "supplementation/drainage for bitter-desire of the five viscera" of Elementary Questions. By clarifying the inheritance and development of this theory by physicians of Yishui school， we can deeply understand the connotation and the embedded rules of prescription of this theory， which can not only guide the clinical medication in traditional Chinese medicine， but also provide reference value to the research on the academic thoughts of the Yishui school and the theory of fsupplementation/drainage for bitter-desire of the five viscera.
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This paper summarized the experience of ZHANG Zhiyuan， a master of traditional Chinese medicine， in treating gastric diseases with Daizheshi （Haematitum）. It is believed that the treatment of gastric diseases should focus on restoring the purification and descent of stomach qi， and Daizheshi， as the essential medicine for directing stomach qi and counterflow downward， is especially suitable. Commonly， Daizheshi is used in combination with herbal medicinals Chaihu （Radix Bupleuri） and Wuzhuyu （Fructus Evodiae） to relieve constraint and direct counterflow downward， with Dahuang （Radix et Rhizoma Rhei） and Gualou （Fructus Trichosanthis） to disperse phlegm and direct qi downward， with Chenxiang （Lignum Aquilariae Resinatum） to regulate qi and unblock the center， and with Renshen （Radix et Rhizoma Ginseng） to open congestion and supplement deficiency. For the syndrome of disharmony between the liver and stomach， the addition of Daizheshi to liver soothing and qi regulating medicinals can lower liver Qi and calm Chong Qi（冲气）， restore the unblock and purge nature of stomach qi. For the syndrome of disharmony between the gallbladder and stomach， adding Daizheshi to the medicinals for gallbladder function promoting and phlegm resolving can direct phlegm turbidity downward， and promote gallbladder fire to reach the stomach， permitting the clear qi of the gallbladder rising naturally.For spleen and stomach disharmony syndrome， adding Daizheshi to the medicinals for spleen fortifying and stomach warming can calm the counterflow and the center， allowing the deficiency can be replenished. For lung and stomach disharmony， the addition of Daizheshi to medicinals for lung moistening and stomach clearing can directing stomach qi downward and harmonizing yin， direct repulsion of hyperactive fire， assist metal to purify qi， bank up earth to generate metal， and help with transformation of body fluids.
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Emphasizing the correspondence between western medicine pathology and traditional Chinese medicine pathogenesis， ZHANG Cigong proposes “dual diagnosis and single treatment”. “Dual diagnosis” refers to the determination of pathology， etiology and disease names in western medicine as well as the syndromes of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）， while “single treament” is the use of Chinese herbal medicine （CHM）. By analyzing the records of gastric disease cases by ZHANG Cigong and the related discussions， this paper summarized the “dual diagnosis and single treatment” of gastric disease， including the three-step diagnosis logic of gastric disease， the correspondence between pathology and pathogenesis， etiological diagnosis and TCM syndrome differentiation， as well as CHM for the treatment of acute gastritis， gastric ulcer and hyperacidity， duodenal ulcer， chronic gastritis， dyspepsia and gastrointestinal neurosis， and upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Under the thinking mode of organic integration of logical thinking， clinical practice， and scientific research， he corresponded the basic concepts of “Qi and blood， cold and hot， warm and cool” to “substance and function” in traditional Chinese and western medicine， exploring the essence of interoperability between Chinese and Western medicine， thereby expanding the scope of TCM syndrome differentiation and its efficacy to the microscopic physiological and pathological level. It is believed that ZHANG Cigong's academic ideas provide reference to the “win-win” approach of modern integration between Chinese and western medicine， and should follow the premise of learning from each other's strengths and complementing each other to fully highlight their advantages.
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This paper summarized Professor ZHANG Junping's clinical experience in treating coronary heart disease （CHD） combined with hypothyroidism. It is believed that yang deficiency was the root cause of CHD complicated with hypothyroidism， and also the key pathogenesis throughout its development. Accordingly， combined with the different focuses on the lesions in the blood， pulse， heart and spirit， Professor ZHANG took warming yang as the basic rule and summarized the four methods of warming yang for syndrome differentiation and treatment. When spleen-kidney yang deficiency， disturbance of qi transformation， dysfunction of blood transportation as the pathological basis of CHD combined with hypothyroidism， the self-prescribed Butian Formula （补天方） could be used for warming yang and benefiting the kidney， thereby regulating Qi and blood； when the cold and dampness blocked the blood vessels， and turbidity-toxin generated gradually， resulting in heart vessel obstruction， the self-prescribed Huazhuo Changmai Decoction （化浊畅脉汤） could be used to warm yang and dissolve the turbidity so that to unblock the heart vessels； when the structure and function of the heart fail， edema due to yang deficiency with pericardial fluid retention， the self-prescribed Yuxin Baomai Formula （育心保脉方） could be used to warm yang and excret water， and protect the heart； when yang deficiency led to emotional and mental stagnation， and the heart impairment aggravated emotional and mental disorders， which resulted in emotional and mental abnormalities， the self-prescribed Jieyu Anshen Decoction （解郁安神汤） could be used to relieve emotional and mental stagnation， and calm mind.
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Professor ZHANG Boli believed that the core pathogenesis of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction （HFpEF） is weak pulse at yang and wiry pulse at yin. By referring to the theory of “damp-turbidity and phlegm-rheum type of diseases”， he proposed that yin pathogens of damp-turbidity and phlegm-rheum may damage yang qi in each stage of HFpEF， thus aggravating the trend of weak pulse at yang and wiry pulse at yin， which played an important role in the deterioration of HFpEF. Therefore， Professor ZHANG Boli advocated that importance should be attached to the elimination of yin pathogen and the protection of yang qi during the various stages of HFpEF in order to delay the aggravation of weak pulse at yang and wiry pulse at yin； he put forward the idea of staged treatment that “yin pathogen should be dispelled and yang qi should be demonstrated”； and he formulated the treatment strategy of treating the disease as early as possible， eliminating pathogens and protecting yang， interrupting the disease trend， using warm-like medicinals， and activating blood circulation， to enrich the theoretical system of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of HFpEF.
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The paper summarizes professor ZHANG Wei-hua's clinical experience for the treatment of chronic somatic pain with zhidong needling techniques. In terms of the characteristics of chronic somatic pain, professor ZHANG has integrated zhidong needling with acupuncture kinetic therapy. The satisfactory therapeutic effects are obtained by selecting the painful points and regions as the treatment sites and the specific techniques of zhidong needling depending on the size of affected area, the depth of illness, the size and shape of the cord-like muscle, etc. Five techniques of zhidong needling are used accordingly with twirling, pulling, lifting and thrusting, surrounding needling methods involved, as well as with the manipulation speed, direction and frequency considered.
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Humans , Vascular Surgical Procedures , Chronic Pain , Nociceptive Pain , Acupuncture Therapy , MusclesABSTRACT
This paper summarized professor ZHANG Lei′s experience in treating scleroderma from “extraordinary pathogens entering collaterals”. The basic pathogenesis of scleroderma is “extraordinary pathogens entering the collaterals”， and extraordinary pathogens can be divided into external and internal categories. External extraordinary pathogens are mostly exogenous wind， cold and damp pathogens， and the pathogenesis is wind， cold and damp invading skin stria and retaining collaterals. Most of the endogenous extraordinary pathogens are turbid phlegm and blood stasis， and the pathogenesis is endogenous phlegm and stasis leaving the channels and overflowing the collaterals， and blocking the collaterals. Blocked by extraordinary pathogens for a long time， the long illness will lead to deficiency and develop into a syndrome of collaterals excess and channels deficiency. Therefore， professor ZHANG creats Tengluo Beverage （藤络饮） as the basic formula to unblock collaterals and dispel pathogens， and recommends to add or subtract it according to the different syndrome and pathogenic characteristics of the edema stage， sclerosis stage， and atrophy stage. In the edema stage， it is advised to expel wind， remove dampness and unblock the collaterals， while in the sclerosis stage， the method of dissolving phlegm， expelling stasis and unblocking collaterals should be used； in the atrophic stage， it is suggested to differentiate the deficiency of qi， blood， yin and yang， and eliminate extraordinary pathogens on the basis of reinforcing healthy qi .
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Type 2 diabetes mellitus （T2DM） can be categorized into “xiao ke （消渴）” in traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）. The theory of “yin restricts fire” originates from Inner Canon of Yellow Emperor （《黄帝内经》） which states that “yin essence restricts chief fire”， and the crucial pathogenesis and treatment of xiao ke coincide with this theory. ZHANG Zhongjing，s three prescriptions of Jizizhuang （egg yolk） are Baihe Jizizi Decoction （百合鸡子汤）， Huanglian Ejiao Decoction （黄连阿胶汤） and Painong Powder （排脓散）， which are scattered in different chapters of Treatise on Cold Damage and Miscellaneous Diseases （《伤寒杂病论》）. By analyzing and summarizing the mechanism and characteristics of the three prescriptions， it is found that the three prescriptions are in line with the characteristics of “yin restricts fire” and the pathogenesis of T2DM. These three prescriptions are composed of Jizizhuang and different medicinals. Baihe Jizizi Decoction is composed of Jizizhuang and Baihe （Bulbus Lilii）， and can be used to treat T2DM and mental diseases. Huanglian Ejiao Decoction is composed of Jizihuang， Ejiao （Colla Corii Asini）， Shaoyao （Radix Paeoniae Alba seu Rubra）， Huanglian （Rhizoma Coptidis） and Huangqin （Radix Scutellariae）， which could be used to treat T2DM and cardiorenal system diseases. Painong Powder is composed of Jizizhuang， Shaoyao， Jiegeng （Radix Platycodonis） and Zhishi （Fructus Aurantii Immaturus）， which can be used to treat T2DM and carbuncle. Therefore， based on the theory of “yin restricts fire” and “many different diseases can be treated in the same wa”， this paper propose that the three Jizihuang prescriptions could be used in T2DM， which could provide ideas for clinical treatment.
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[Objective]To analyze the meaning of"body pain is like being punished with a rod"in Synopsis of the Golden Chamber·Yin Yang Pestilences,so as to better understand the meaning of Zhongjing.[Methods]By using the research method of combining the handed-down literature with the textual research of unearthed cultural relics,combining with the perspective of character and history,and there is one proved case attached.[Results]"Body pain is like being punished with a rod"is a vivid expression that people describe their personal experience."Rod"can be understood as"anything that can be held is called a rod"."Being punished with a rod"is divided into three cases including skin is swollen and bruised;damage occurs;dead by being punished.Pain may be caused by trauma(skin and muscle)or internal injury(viscera injury).Shengma Biejia Decoction is mainly used to detoxify and disperse evil,promote blood circulation,and give consideration to both Qi and blood.[Conclusion]In the era of Zhongjing,"body pain is like being punished with a rod"has a certain degree of differentiation,which is reflected in the differentiation of the way of applying the rod and the painful feeling.This paper discusses the concept of"body pain is like being punished with a rod"by combining literature and cultural relics research,so that readers can intuitively understand the meaning of Zhongjing in the social background at that time,and also provides a new way to learn Synopsis of the Golden Chamber.
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This parer summarized the clinical experience of Professor ZHANG Zhiyuan in treating stroke sequelae from the perspective of regulating qi and blood. It is believed that the basic pathogenesis of stroke sequelae is disharmony of qi and blood， and it is advocated that the basic treatment method is to regulate qi and blood. For the three major symptoms of stroke sequelae， including hemiplegia， cognitive dysfunction， and sluggish speech， the effective formulas have been summarized. Hemiplegia is often treated with Chongsu Qiju Decoction （重塑起居汤） to tonify the center and replenish qi， activate blood and dredge collaterals. Cognitive dysfunction is often treated with modified San Hua Decoction （三化汤） to resolve phlegm and purge heat， regulate qi and tonify blood. And sluggish speech is often treated with Zishou Jieyu Decoction （资寿解语汤） to warm and tonify yang qi， expel wind and remove phlegm. Meanwhile， the self-made Zhinao Huayu Decoction （治脑化瘀汤） is used to prevent the occurrence of stroke sequelae， and to regulate the blood and qi by using wind medicinals and the method of relaxing and purging bowels to cure the disease.
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@#This paper summarized professor ZHANG Lei′s experience in treating scleroderma from “extraordinary pathogens entering collaterals”. The basic pathogenesis of scleroderma is “extraordinary pathogens entering the collaterals”， and extraordinary pathogens can be divided into external and internal categories. External extraordinary pathogens are mostly exogenous wind， cold and damp pathogens， and the pathogenesis is wind， cold and damp invading skin stria and retaining collaterals. Most of the endogenous extraordinary pathogens are turbid phlegm and blood stasis， and the pathogenesis is endogenous phlegm and stasis leaving the channels and overflowing the collaterals， and blocking the collaterals. Blocked by extraordinary pathogens for a long time， the long illness will lead to deficiency and develop into a syndrome of collaterals excess and channels deficiency. Therefore， professor ZHANG creats Tengluo Beverage （藤络饮） as the basic formula to unblock collaterals and dispel pathogens， and recommends to add or subtract it according to the different syndrome and pathogenic characteristics of the edema stage， sclerosis stage， and atrophy stage. In the edema stage， it is advised to expel wind， remove dampness and unblock the collaterals， while in the sclerosis stage， the method of dissolving phlegm， expelling stasis and unblocking collaterals should be used； in the atrophic stage， it is suggested to differentiate the deficiency of qi， blood， yin and yang， and eliminate extraordinary pathogens on the basis of reinforcing healthy qi .
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This paper summarized professor ZHANG Boli's experience in treating stubborn bi （痹） with the herbal pair of Ruxiang （Olibanum）- Moyao （Myrrha）. The basic pathogenesis of stubborn bi is channel and collateral stasis and obstruction. Ruxiang and Moyao are thus used in mutual reinforcement to rectify qi and diffuse bi， activate blood and relieve pain， thereby removing static and obstructed qi and blood， unblocking the obstructed channels and colla-terals， which is especially suitable for stubborn bi caused by channel and collateral obstruction. In clinical practice， the herbal pair of Ruxiang-Moyao is used together with qi-moving and blood-activating medicinals to treat chest bi by expelling stasis and diffusing stagnation， dissipating cold and unblocking vessels. To treat long-term wither and weakness in late stage of stroke， the medicinals of boosting qi and invigorating blood， unblocking channels and venting collaterals can be added to the herbal pair so as to soothe and drain vessels and collaterals， harmonize and regulate qi and blood. Simiao Yongan Decoction （四妙勇安汤） can be integrated in the treatment of vessel bi by moving qi and dissolving stasis， and for the long-term stubborn vessel bi， integrated internal and external treatment is suggested by external use of Ruxiang-Moyao to vent bi with aromatics. Moreover， it is emphasized to use the herbal pair of Ruxiang-Moyao in accordance with indications and cautions.
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The paper summarizes professor ZHANG Wei-hua's clinical experience in treatment of insomnia with Zhenjing Anshen (calming-down the spirit) method. It is believed that insomnia results from the unstable spirit in pathogenesis of TCM. The basic therapeutic principle is regulating the spirit, in which, stabilizing the primary spirit and tranquilizing the heart spirit are emphasized. Main acupoints are Baihui (GV 20), Sishencong (EX-HN 1) and Yintang (GV 24+) to stabilize the primary spirit, located on the head; and Shenmen (HT 7) located on the wrist to calm-down the heart spirit, as well as Sanyinjiao (SP 6) and Yongquan (KI 1) in the lower extremities to benefit yin and balance yang, and then to house the spirit eventually. The needles are inserted in different depths and to various directions. The external application of herbal plaster is combined at Yongquan (KI 1) and the supplementary acupoints are selected in terms of syndrome differentiation. This therapy is simple in acupoint selection and very effective in treatment of insomnia.
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Humans , Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders/therapy , Acupuncture Points , Emotions , Heart , Lower ExtremityABSTRACT
Professor Zhang Zhiyuan， a master of Chinese medicine， made good use of Baizhu （Atractylis macrocephala （Koidz.））. Except for defecation in clinical practice， he usually prescribed processed Baizhu after stir-frying with soil. Baizhu is good at excreting water and removing dampness， so applied it in the formula series with Fuling （Poria cocos） and Guizhi （Cassia Twig） or self-made decoction for diarrhea. High-dose Baizhu could be used for edema by treating obstructive syndrome with tonics， so Baizhu were added in self-made Shugan Qushui Decoction （疏肝祛水汤） or modified Lizhong Decoction （理中汤） for liver cirrhosis ascites. It was emphasized that Baizhu could eliminate phlegm， so added it in modified Zexei Decoction （泽泻汤） for excess syndrome of vertigo. It was also acknow-ledged that Baizhu could strengthen the spleen and stomach， and was suitable for deficiency or excess syndrome of abdominal distension， so applied it in Burun Decoction （补润汤） for abdominal distension with deficiency-excess in complexity， and applied it in Zhizhu Decoction （枳术汤） or self-made Tiaozhong Decoction （调中汤） for deficient abdominal distention.