ABSTRACT
This study first optimized the processing technology for Zhangbang vinegar-processed Olibanum and investigated its in vitro anticoagulant activity. A multi-index-response surface methodology was used, with yield, powder yield, and the relative percentage of the content of six non-volatile components [11-keto-boswellic acid(KBA), 3-acetyl-11-keto-boswellic acid(AKBA), β-elemonic acid, α-boswellic acid(α-BA), β-boswellic acid(β-BA), and α-acetyl-boswellic acid(α-BA)] and three volatile components(octyl acetate, incensole, and incensole acetate) as evaluation indicators. Analytical hierarchy process(AHP) combined with coefficient of variation method was used to calculate the weight of each indicator and calculate the comprehensive score(OD). Furthermore, response surface methodology was used to investigate the effects of frying temperature(A), burning time(B), rice vinegar dosage(C), and steaming time(D) on the processing technology of vinegar-processed Olibanum. Vinegar-steamed Olibanum was prepared according to the optimal processing technology for in vitro anticoagulant experiments. The results showed that the weights of octyl acetate, incensole, incensole acetate, KBA, AKBA, β-elemonic acid, α-BA, β-BA, α-ABA, yield, and powder yield were 0.358 2, 0.104 5, 0.146 4, 0.032 9, 0.123 7, 0.044 4, 0.022 1, 0.042 2, 0.110 1, 0.012 2, and 0.0032, respectively. The optimal processing technology for Zhangbang vinegar-processed Olibanum was as follows. Olibanum(50 g) with a particle size of 1-5 mm was continuously stir-fried at a low heat of 150-180 ℃ until in a gel-like state, ignited for burning for 15 s, sprayed with 7.5 g of rice vinegar(15%), and steamed for 3 min without fire. Subsequently, the cover was removed, and the product was continuously stir-fried at 150-180 ℃ until in a soft lump shape, removed, cooled, and crushed. The results of the in vitro anticoagulant experiments showed that compared with the blank group, both Olibanum and vinegar-processed Olibanum significantly prolonged the activated partial thromboplastin time(APTT), thrombin time(TT), and prothrombin time(PT) of rat platelet-poor plasma(PPP), and the effect of vinegar-processed Olibanum was significantly better than that of Olibanum(P<0.05). The optimized processing technology for Zhangbang vinegar-processed Olibanum is stable, feasible, and beneficial for the further development and utilization of Olibanum slices. At the same time, using the content of volatile and non-volatile components, yield, and powder yield as indicators, and verifying through pharmacological experiments, the obtained results are more reasonable and credible, and have positive guiding significance for the clinical application of characteristic processed Olibanum products.
Subject(s)
Rats , Animals , Frankincense , Acetic Acid , Powders , Triterpenes , Anticoagulants/pharmacology , TechnologyABSTRACT
ObjectiveModern scientific methods and techniques were used to scientifically characterize the traditional softening process of Corydalis Rhizoma， so as to clarify the scientificity and rationality of the traditional process， and provide reference for inheriting the processing methods and experience of traditional Chinese medicine. MethodLow-field nuclear magnetic resonance imaging （LF-NMR/MRI） was used to characterize the water types and distribution in the softening process of Corydalis Rhizoma. Samples during the softening process was cut into thick slices and its section was observed by stereoscopic microscope. High performance liquid chromatography （HPLC） was employed to determine the content change of tetrahydropalmatine during the softening process with the mobile phase of methanol-0.1% phosphoric acid solution （60∶40， triethylamine regulated to pH 6.5） and detection wavelength at 280 nm. The determination method of softening endpoint of Corydalis Rhizoma was simulated by texture analyzer （hand pinch method）， and the softening degree of the finished products was determined after optimizing the relevant parameters. ResultLF-NMR/MRI showed that the water could penetrate through the core and distribute evenly in Corydalis Rhizoma softened by Zhangbang method. The water first entered into the medicinal material from the epidermis and stem marks in the soaking stage as the form of free water， and then penetrated into the inner core to achieve redistribution in the moistening stage. Under stereoscopic microscope， it was observed that Corydalis Rhizoma softened by the Zhangbang method could be sliced well， but the core bursting slices were easy to appear if the softening time was not enough， and the softening of samples was caused by the keratine-like powder after absorbing water. HPLC measurement showed that the loss of tetrahydropalmatine in the softening method was small， its content decreased about 5% in the soaking process， and its content was almost unchanged during the moistening process. The softening degree of Corydalis Rhizoma could be quantified by the texture analyzer， and the optimum parameters were 2 mm·s-1 of speed before test， test speed and speed after test， 20 g of the trigger force， 20% of compression degree. The compressive force of the qualified softened Corydalis Rhizoma was 12.75-15.69 N with the relative standard deviation （RSD） of 6.8%. ConclusionModern scientific methods and techniques can characterize the scientificity and rationality of the traditional processing methods， and confirm that the Zhangbang softening method has the advantages of high efficiency， convenience and small loss of index components. The texture analyzer can simulate the softening endpoint judgment method （hand pinch method）， and realize the goal from subjective experience judgment to objective technology quantification， which has a good demonstration role for the modern inheritance of traditional processing technology.
ABSTRACT
ObjectiveModern scientific methods and techniques were used to scientifically characterize the traditional softening process of Corydalis Rhizoma， so as to clarify the scientificity and rationality of the traditional process， and provide reference for inheriting the processing methods and experience of traditional Chinese medicine. MethodLow-field nuclear magnetic resonance imaging （LF-NMR/MRI） was used to characterize the water types and distribution in the softening process of Corydalis Rhizoma. Samples during the softening process was cut into thick slices and its section was observed by stereoscopic microscope. High performance liquid chromatography （HPLC） was employed to determine the content change of tetrahydropalmatine during the softening process with the mobile phase of methanol-0.1% phosphoric acid solution （60∶40， triethylamine regulated to pH 6.5） and detection wavelength at 280 nm. The determination method of softening endpoint of Corydalis Rhizoma was simulated by texture analyzer （hand pinch method）， and the softening degree of the finished products was determined after optimizing the relevant parameters. ResultLF-NMR/MRI showed that the water could penetrate through the core and distribute evenly in Corydalis Rhizoma softened by Zhangbang method. The water first entered into the medicinal material from the epidermis and stem marks in the soaking stage as the form of free water， and then penetrated into the inner core to achieve redistribution in the moistening stage. Under stereoscopic microscope， it was observed that Corydalis Rhizoma softened by the Zhangbang method could be sliced well， but the core bursting slices were easy to appear if the softening time was not enough， and the softening of samples was caused by the keratine-like powder after absorbing water. HPLC measurement showed that the loss of tetrahydropalmatine in the softening method was small， its content decreased about 5% in the soaking process， and its content was almost unchanged during the moistening process. The softening degree of Corydalis Rhizoma could be quantified by the texture analyzer， and the optimum parameters were 2 mm·s-1 of speed before test， test speed and speed after test， 20 g of the trigger force， 20% of compression degree. The compressive force of the qualified softened Corydalis Rhizoma was 12.75-15.69 N with the relative standard deviation （RSD） of 6.8%. ConclusionModern scientific methods and techniques can characterize the scientificity and rationality of the traditional processing methods， and confirm that the Zhangbang softening method has the advantages of high efficiency， convenience and small loss of index components. The texture analyzer can simulate the softening endpoint judgment method （hand pinch method）， and realize the goal from subjective experience judgment to objective technology quantification， which has a good demonstration role for the modern inheritance of traditional processing technology.
ABSTRACT
Objective: Based on the idea of Q-marker, UPLC-Q-TOF-MS, GC-MS and network pharmacology techniques were used to establish a potential Q-Marker component library associated with the core efficacy of Zhangbang Aurantii Fructus with honeyed bran, in order to lay the foundation for exploring the establishment of pieces quality standards. Methods: Chromatography separation was achieved on an Acquity UPLC BEH C18 column (100 mm × 2.1 mm, 1.7 μm), and eluted with a gradient of methanol-water containing 0.1% formic acid. Data acquisition was carried out in electrospray ionization (ESI) under the positive ion mode, the scanning range was 50-1 200 m/z. Ingredients in alcohol extract of Aurantii Fructus with honeyed bran were identified according to reference substance, relative molecular weight, mass spectrometric cleavage rule and literature information; The volatile oil and aromatic water was extracted by steam distillation and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The inlet temperature was 260 ℃, the transmission line temperature was 250 ℃, the carrier gas was helium, the flow rate was 1.0 mL/min, the split ratio was 10:1, the injection volume was 1 μL; The program temperature was 70 ℃ for the starting column, 2 ℃/min to 150 ℃ for 2 min, 6 ℃/min to 240 ℃ for 3 min, and then 25 ℃/min to 300 ℃ for 2 min. Mass spectrometry was identified by NIST08 standard mass spectrometry library to identify chemical constituents; Cytoscape 3.7.1 was used to construct a “pieces-compounds-diseases-targets” network of chemical constituents and functional dyspepsia in Aurantii Fructus with honeyed bran. Results: A total of 55 chemical components were identified by UPLC-Q-TOF-MS, and 63 chemical components were identified by GC-MS. Naringin, neohesperidin, eriodictyol-7-O-glucoside, naringenin, limonin, nobiletin, hesperitin, 5-hydroxy- 6,7,8,4’-tetramethoxyflavone, didymin, D-limonene, cymene, γ-terpinene nomilin, (1R)-(+)-α-pinene, caffeic acid and synephrine can be used as a Q-marker ingredient library for Aurantii Fructus with honeyed bran. Conclusion: UPLC-Q-TOF-MS and GC-MS can quickly and qualitatively analyze the chemical constituents in the pieces. The network pharmacology can predict the potential Q-marker library related to efficacy of regulating vital energy and eliminating flatulence, and provide the basis for the establishment of quality standards for the pieces.
ABSTRACT
Objective: To optimize the processing technology of Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma prepared by rice-washed water rinsing, and provide a scientific basis for producing specification in processing. Methods: Design the processing with central composite design-response surface methodology and take the factors of volume of rice-washed water, rinsing time, and rinsing temperature as independent variables. The contents of atractylenolide I, II, and III were determined by HPLC and the comprehensive scores of the three components were regarded as the response index or OD. By analyzing with Design Expert, the best processing parasite for the experiment could be induced. Results: The best processing conditions were 9-time volume of rice-washed water, 55 h for rinsing, and at the temperature of 26℃. On the selected condition, the value of OD was at 0.960. Conclusion: The rice-washed water rinsing processing technology for Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma is stable and feasible under the condition selected, which can be used as reference for its production and quality control.