Topophysis and Growth Regulators Effects on Buds and Zygotic Embryos Regeneration of African Bush Mango Tree Cultured In vitro

Background: African bush mango tree is an important fruit plant with high nutritional, medicinal, and commercial values. However, its seedling system remained a deep understanding. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of topophysis and growth regulators on the reactivity of different types of buds and zygotic embryos of wild mango. Methodology: Ripe fruits from two local varieties (Wossro and Sissro) were pulped. The nuts were extracted and dried for one week under greenhouse. Zygotic embryos were excised from nuts and disinfected with the bleach solution (NaClO 10% with 8% active chloride) for 10 min following by three successive rinsing using sterilized water. The second set of nuts was cultivated for under greenhouse in the polybags containing the sand. One month later, buds from different positions (apical, axillary and cotyledonary) were excised and disinfected with NaClO 10% for 10 min follow by the immersion in a mercuric chloride 0.1% added with two drops of Tween 20 especially for axillary and cotyledonary buds for 5 min while 0.01% of mercuric chloride was used for apical buds. The explants were cultured on 糓S and 絎PM media supplemented with BAP, KIN at different concentrations (0.2 mg/L and 3.5 mg/L respectively) and NAA (0.05 mg/L). Results: The best sprouting rate was obtained with the variety Wossro which showed a high bud break rate (26.47%) against (9.88%) for the variety Sissro. The topophysis significantly influenced the response of the buds in tissue culture. 24.48% of axillary buds were sprouted on � MS medium + 3.5 mg/L BAP+ 0.05mg/L NAA. The in vitro germination of embryos was significantly (p? 0.05) influenced by the genotype of the variety. 50.76% of buds were germinated for Wossro while 18.32% were germinated for Sissro. � MS + 0.2 mg/L KIN has significant influenced the plants growth and development. Implication: The findings will help to improve the regeneration rate and plantlets production of African bush mango tree.

Effect of coconut water on growth of olive embryos cultured in vitro / Efeito da água de coco no crescimento de embriões de oliveira cultivados in vitro

The experiment was carried out to determine the appropriate dose of coconut water as supplement for in vitro cultivation of zygotic embryos from 19 olive genotypes. The isolated embryos of the olive seeds were immersed on culture medium containing 0 (control), 25, 50, and 100mL L-1 of fresh and sterile coconut water and kept for 45 days under controlled environment. The percentage of germination, shoot length, number of roots, number of leaves and number of internodes were measured for all 19 olive genotypes. The ANOVA of the parameters evaluated showed significant genotypes x doses of coconut water interaction for shoot length, number of leaves and number of internodes and the dose of 100mL L-1 produced the best results overall as indicated by the means of measured parameters. However, the study showed the importance of determining the appropriate dose of coconut water for each genotype under consideration as shown by significant genotype x dose of coconut water interaction effect.

O experimento foi realizado para determinar a dose adequada de água de coco como suplemento para cultivo in vitro de embriões zigóticos de 19 genótipos de oliveira. Os embriões isolados das sementes de oliveira foram imersos em meio de cultura contendo 0 (controle), 25, 50, e 100mL L-1 de água de coco fresca e estéril, em condição de ambiente controlado durante 45 dias. A porcentagem de germinação, comprimento da parte aérea, número de raízes, número de folhas e número de internódios foram medidos para todos os 19 genótipos de oliveira. A ANOVA dos parâmetros avaliados apresentou interação significativa entre genótipos e dose de água de coco para o comprimento da parte aérea, número de folhas e número de internódios, e a dose de 100mL L-1, de forma geral, produziu os melhores resultados, como indicado pelas médias dos parâmetros analisados. No entanto, como mostra a interação significativa observada entre genótipos e tratamentos, é importante determinar a dose adequada de água de coco para cada genótipo.

Respuesta de Zamia incognita L. al cultivo in vitro, una alternativa para su conservación / In vitro culture response of Zamia incognita, an alternative for preservation

Las Zamiaceas son plantas relictuales consideradas fósiles vivientes. En Colombia, el 65% de esta familia se encuentra en alguna categoría de amenaza, por la destrucción del hábitat e intensa recolección. Teniendo en cuenta que entre las ventajas de la propagación in vitro está la conservación ex situ de germoplasma, el presente trabajo tuvo como objetivo evaluar el potencial de regeneración de plantas de Z. incognita a partir de explantes foliares y embriones cigoticos. Se evaluó el efecto de diferentes combinaciones de Auxinas (2,4-D y ANA) y citoquininas (KIN, BAP y TDZ) sobre la formación de callo y la regeneración de brotes (directa o indirecta), utilizando como medio basal MS (MB1) y medio basal B5 modificado (MB2). La formación de callo se presentó sobre un amplio rango de concentraciones de 2,4-D con KIN y 2,4-D con BAP, independientemente del medio basal, pero no en los explantes tratados con ANA más KIN o TDZ. Para los explantes foliares no hubo respuesta a la formación de embriones somáticos y/o brotes con las combinaciones y concentraciones hormonales evaluadas, no obstante los callos inducidos en MB2 con 2,4-D (0,22 mg/l) y BAP (0, 1, 2, 3 mg/l) fueron diferentes, su aspecto nodular, color crema y apariencia proembriogénica coincidió con una gran cantidad de células meristemáticas potenciales para el proceso de regeneración. A partir de embriones cigoticos inmaduros se logró la formación de embriones somáticos en el medio MB2 exento de reguladores o conteniendo 2,4-D solo (0,22 mg/l) y en combinación con BAP (1 mg/l), sin lograr el proceso de conversión a plántulas.

Zamiaceas are relict plants considered living fossils. In Colombia, 65% of this family is under some threat category due to their habitat destruction and their intense collection. Given that the advantages of in vitro propagation is ex situ conservation of germoplasm, this study aimed to evaluate the regeneration potential of Z incognita plants from leaf explants and zygotic embryos. The effect of different combinations of auxin (2.4-D and NAA) and cytokinins (KIN, BAP and TDZ) was evaluated on the formation of callus and shoot regeneration (direct or indirect), using MS (MB1) basal medium and B5 (MB2) basal modified medium. The callus formation was presented over a wide concentration range of 2.4-D with KIN and 2.4-D with BAP, regardless of the basal medium, but not in explants treated with ANA more TDZ or KIN. For leaf explants there was no response to the formation of somatic embryos or shoots with hormonal combinations and concentrations evaluated; however, MB2 calluses induced with 2.4-D (0.22 mg / l) and BAP (0. 1 , 2. 3 mg / l) were different, their nodular aspect, cream color and pro-embryogenic appearance coincided with a lot of potential meristematic cells for the regeneration process. From immature zygotic embryos, somatic embryo formation in the MB2 medium was achieved without growth regulators or containing 2.4-D alone (0.22 mg /l) or 2.4-D in combination with BAP (1 mg/l) without achieving the conversion process to seedlings.

Aplicação de análogo de brassinosteroide (Biobras 16®) sobre a germinação e crescimento in vitro de embriões zigóticos e aclimatização de plântulas de bocaiuva / Application of analogue brassinosteróide (Biobras 16®) germination and growth in vitro culture of zygotic embryos and acclimatization of bocaiuva

Apresentam-se resultados de pesquisa experimental que avaliou o crescimento in vitro de embriões zigóticos e aclimatização de plântulas de bocaiuva (Acrocomia aculeata) cultivadas em diferentes concentrações (0,0; 0,001; 0,005; 0,01; 0,05; 0,1; 0,5 e 1mg L-1) de análogo de brassinosteroide (Biobras 16®). O trabalho buscou verificar se a aplicação de Biobras 16® influencia positivamente na taxa de germinação dos embriões zigóticos de Acrocomia aculeata e se promove o crescimento e desenvolvimento das plântulas e, consequentemente, afeta o número de plântulas normais. A aplicação de Biobras 16® não promoveu acréscimo no percentual de germinação, porém, estimulou a formação de plântulas normais. -O efeito positivo de Biobras 16® foi observado apenas na primeira fase, não sendo observado nas demais fases de crescimento avaliadas.

The results of an experimental research evaluating the in vitro growth of zygotic embryos and acclimatization of bocaiuva (Acrocomia aculeata) grown under different concentrations (0.00, 0.001, 0.005, 0.01, 0.05, 0.1, 0.5 and 1mg. L-1) of a brassinosteroid analogue (Biobras 16®) are presented. The objective was to determine whether the application of 16 Biobras ® positively affects the germination of zygotic embryos of Acrocomia aculeata and promotes the growth and development of seedlings and thereby affects the number of normal seedlings. The application of Biobras 16® did not promote an increase in the percentage of germination but stimulated the formation of normal seedlings. The positive effect of Biobras 16® was observed only in the first phase, not observed in other growth stages evaluated.